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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

AvaliaÃÃo do desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais, submetidas as dietas suplementadas com diferentes Ãleos vegetais / Evaluation of the performance and quality of eggs of commercial laying hens, submitted to the diets supplemented with different vegetal oils

Maria do Socorro Vieira dos Santos 11 April 2005 (has links)
A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Setor de Avicultura do Departamento de Zootecnia do Centro de CiÃncias AgrÃrias da Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC), objetivando avaliar o desempenho zootÃcnico e a qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais, submetidas Ãs dietas com diferentes Ãleos vegetais. O procedimento experimental envolveu 224 poedeiras comerciais da linhagem Hy-line W-36, com 23 semanas de idade, dividido em 5 ciclos de 28 dias, durante os quais foram coletados dados para estudo. O delineamento estatÃstico foi em blocos ao acaso, com 7 tratamentos, sendo a unidade experimental representada por 1 parcela com 8 aves, e 4 repetiÃÃes por tratamento. Os tratamentos constaram de 7 raÃÃes, com nÃvel de energia de 2.850 Kcal EM/kg e proteÃna de 18%, sendo: T1 - dieta basal (sem Ãleo); T2 - dieta basal + 2% de Ãleo de soja; T3 - dieta basal + 4% de Ãleo de soja; T4 - dieta basal + 2% de Ãleo de linhaÃa; T5 - dieta basal + 4% de Ãleo de linhaÃa; T6 - dieta basal + 2% de Ãleo de algodÃo e T7 - dieta basal + 4% Ãleo de algodÃo. A inclusÃo do Ãleo vegetal nas dietas nÃo possibilitou uma melhora absoluta (P>0,05) na percentagem de ovos, conversÃo alimentar, massa de ovo, ganho de peso corporal, peso dos ovos, percentagens da gema, clara e casca, e na reduÃÃo do nÃvel de colesterol dos ovos, em relaÃÃo à dieta controle (sem Ãleo). De acordo com a idade das aves, observou-se aumento significativo (P<0,05) do peso dos ovos e da percentagem da gema, e reduÃÃo na percentagem da clara e na coloraÃÃo da gema crua, porÃm nÃo houve alteraÃÃo significativa (P>0,05) na percentagem da casca. O nÃvel de 4% de adiÃÃo do Ãleo vegetal nas dietas promoveu uma melhora efetiva (P<0,05) na coloraÃÃo da gema crua dos ovos. Os ovos conservados em temperatura de refrigeraÃÃo apresentaram menor (P<0,05) perda de peso e melhores (P<0,05) Ãndices de percentagem da clara, gravidade especÃfica, unidades Haugh e coloraÃÃo da gema crua, quando comparados aos ovos conservados em temperatura ambiente. Constatou-se que a qualidade dos ovos à alterada significativamente (P>0,05) em funÃÃo da temperatura de conservaÃÃo e do perÃodo de estocagem, notadamente para os parÃmetros perda de peso, percentagens da gema e clara, gravidade especÃfica e unidades Haugh. Em relaÃÃo à anÃlise sensorial, a inclusÃo de 4% de adiÃÃo de Ãleo de linhaÃa nas dietas alterou (P<0,05) efetivamente o sabor e a textura da gema e da clara dos ovos. Na anÃlise econÃmica, observou-se que a margem bruta e o lucro operacional efetivo foram maiores na dieta com 2% Ãleo de soja e menores na dieta com 4% Ãleo de linhaÃa. A melhor resposta econÃmica da produÃÃo de ovos foi obtida pelas aves que consumiram dieta com 2% Ãleo de soja / The research was developed in the Sector of Poultry of the Department of Zootecnical Center of Agrarian Sciences of the Federal University of Cearà (UFC), objectifying to evaluate the zootecnical performance and the quality of eggs of commercial laying hens, submitted to the diets with different vegetal oils. The experimental procedure involved 224 commercial laying hens of the Hy-line W-36 line, with 23 weeks of age, divided in 5 cycles of 28 days, during which were collected data for study The experiment followed a randomized blocks, distributed in seven treatments, each experimental unit was a box with 8 hens and 4 repetitions per treatment. The treatments consisted of 7 rations, with level of energy of 2850 kcal ME/kg and protein of 18%, being: T1 - basal diet (without oil); T2 - basal diet + 2% of soy oil; T3 - basal diet + 4% of soy oil; T4 - basal diet + 2% of flax oil; T5 - basal diet + 4% of flax oil; T6 - basal diet + 2% of cotton oil and T7 - basal diet + 4% cotton oil. The inclusion of the vegetal oil in the diets did not make possible an absolute improvement (P>0,05) in the egg percentage, feed conversion, egg mass, body weight, egg weight, percentages of the yolk, egg white and shell and did not reduce cholesterol level of eggs, in relation to the basal diet (without oil). In accordance with the age of the birds, significant increase (P<0,05) of the weight of eggs and the percentage of the egg yolk was observed, and reduction in the percentage of the yolk and the coloration of the raw egg yolk, however it does not to have significant alteration (P>0,05) in the percentage of the shell. The level of 4% of addition of the vegetal oil in the diets promoted an effective improvement (P<0,05) in the coloration of the raw egg yolk. The eggs conserved in temperature of refrigeration presented (P<0,05) smaller loss of weight and better (P<0,05) percentage of the yolk, specific gravity, Haugh units and coloration of the raw egg yolk, when compared with eggs conserved in ambient temperature. It was evidenced that the quality of eggs is modified significantly (P>0,05) in function of the temperature of conservation and the period of storage, mainly for the parameters weight loss, percentages of the yolk and, specific gravity and Haugh units. In relation to the sensorial analysis, the inclusion of 4% of oil addition of flax oil in the diets effectively modified (P<0,05) the flavor and the texture of the yolk and the white egg. Economic analysis suggested that the rude edge and the effective operational profit were bigger in the diet with 2% oil of soy and smaller in the diet with 4% flax oil. The best economic reply of the egg production was gotten by the birds that consumed diet with 2% soy oil
12

Alfarroba como substituto do cacau no desenvolvimento de bebida sem lactose: otimizaÃÃo, perfil sensorial e comportamento reolÃgico / Carob as cocoa substitute in the development of lactose free beverage: optimization, sensory profile and rheological behaviour

Ana Cristina da Silva Morais 10 April 2015 (has links)
nÃo hà / Diversos efeitos benÃficos sÃo associados ao consumo de cacau em pÃ, como propriedade antioxidante e efeito cardioprotetor. No entanto, devido a algumas desvantagens como amargor e presenÃa de substÃncias estimulantes e alergÃnica, vÃrios produtos tÃm sido testados como substitutos do cacau, dentre os quais se destaca a alfarroba em pÃ. O produto nÃo apresenta tais desvantagens, alÃm de ser naturalmente adoÃada e fonte de fibras. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a viabilidade de substituiÃÃo total do cacau em pà pela alfarroba em pà em bebida sem lactose a base de amÃndoas da castanha de caju (ACC) e avaliar as alteraÃÃes das caracterÃsticas sensoriais, da aceitabilidade e do comportamento reolÃgico da bebida otimizada. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas fases, onde na primeira adotou-se um planejamento fatorial do tipo 2 para avaliar, atravÃs de superfÃcie de resposta, os efeitos da substituiÃÃo do cacau por alfarroba em pà (concentraÃÃo total de 2 g/100 mL), do teor de sacarose e de carragena no pH e no teor de sÃlidos solÃveis da bebida. Na segunda fase, as amostras otimizadas foram submetidas Ãs anÃlises microbiolÃgicas e à determinaÃÃo de atividade de Ãgua (aw), visando garantir a inocuidade para as anÃlises sensoriais. Aplicou-se a anÃlise descritiva quantitativa (ADQ) para verificar as principais propriedades sensoriais da bebida. Na medida de aceitabilidade das amostras, utilizaram-se os testes com escala hedÃnica e escala relativa ao ideal. O comportamento reolÃgico foi avaliado a 10 ÂC utilizando reÃmetro com placas paralelas. A proporÃÃo de cacau/alfarroba influenciou sutilmente somente o pH da bebida. Desta forma, decidiu-se pela substituiÃÃo total do cacau pela alfarroba em pÃ. As contagens microbianas estavam em nÃveis baixos aceitÃveis, garantindo a seguranÃa do produto, e a atividade de Ãgua situou-se em torno de 0,9838-0,9958. As propriedades sensoriais que apresentaram maior variaÃÃo entre as amostras foram cor marrom, aparÃncia viscosa, aroma de torrefaÃÃo, gosto doce e textura encorpada. As sete formulaÃÃes alcanÃaram boa aceitaÃÃo sensorial. No entanto, as duas amostras com menores teores de sacarose apresentaram menor aceitaÃÃo indicando a grande influÃncia da doÃura para a aceitaÃÃo da bebida. Recomenda-se 16% de sacarose para obter a doÃura ideal. As amostras apresentaram comportamento nÃo Newtoniano. Conclui-se que a substituiÃÃo do cacau pela alfarroba em pà na bebida de ACC (2 g/100 mL) à viÃvel, resultando em um produto de boa aceitaÃÃo sensorial. / Several benefits are associated with cocoa powder consumption as antioxidant properties and cardioprotective effect. However, due to some disadvantages, such as bitterness and the presence of stimulating and allergenic substances, many other products have been tested as a cocoa substitute, and among them carob powder has stood out. The product does not have the same disadvantages of cocoa, besides being naturally sweetened and source of fiber. According to the informations presented, the objective of this research was to investigate the feasibility of full replacement of cocoa powder by carob powder in lactose-free beverage cashew nut almond (CNA)-based as well as to evaluate changes in sensory characteristics, acceptability and rheological behaviour of the optimized beverage. The survey was conducted in two phases, in the first phase a factorial planning type 2 was carried out in order to evaluate, through response surface, the effects of cocoa replacement by carob powder (total concentration of 2 g/100 mL), of sucrose and carrageenan content in the pH and also in the soluble solids content of the beverage. As for the second phase, the optimized samples were subjected to microbiological analyzes, just as well to the determination of water activity (aw), in order to ensure safety for the sensory analysis. A quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) was applied to verify the main sensory properties of the beverage. Tests with hedonic scale and just about right scale were used to verify the acceptance level of the samples. The rheological behaviour was evaluated at 10 ÂC with a rheometer with parallel plates. The proportion of cocoa/carob just slightly influenced the pH of the beverage. Thus, it was decided to full substitution of the cocoa by carob powder. Microbial counts were in low acceptable levels, ensuring product safety, and water activity stood at around 0.9838 to 0.9958. The sensory properties which presented greater variation among the samples were brown color, viscous appearance, roasting aroma, sweet taste and thickness. The seven formulations achieved good sensory acceptance. However, the two samples with lower sucrose levels presented a lowers acceptance indicating the great influence of sweetness level to the acceptance of the beverage. It is recommended the use of 16% sucrose for optimal sweetness. The samples presented a non-Newtonian behaviour. Finally it was possible to conclude that the replacement of cocoa by carob powder (2 g/100 mL) in lactose-free beverage CNA-based is feasible, resulting in a product of good sensory acceptance.

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