ABSTRACT Effect Of Physical Properties And Anaerobic Training On 100 Meters Swimming Results In Competition Purpose: The objective was to examine which physical property has the biggest influence on 100 meters swimming result and to find out whether anaerobic training increase swimming performance. Methods: The research was devoted into 3 main stages. The goal of the 1-st stage was to examine connection between FINA points and the results of different physical capacity tests. In this stage of research were examined 20 elite swimmers (males, n=20, age 21 ± 2). In the 2-nd stage of the research were examined 37 elite male swimmers (n =37, age 21.6 ± 2.3). The goal is to investigate connections between FINA points and strength indexes. In the third stage of the research 6 male swimmers (age 20 ±1.8) were assigned to the training group. The specific anaerobic training consisted of approximately 60 % anaerobic intensity of all physical loading, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks. The aim of this stage of research was to find out whether anaerobic training increase swimming performance. Results: There are no significant connections between FINA points and the indexes of physical development, indexes of velocity and endurance. The direct coefficient of correlation was observed in FINA points and strength index (r = 0.86, p <0.05, n = 37). 6 weeks of anaerobic training improved swimming result, in distance of 100 meters, approximately 8 ± 3%, also increased index of strength 12... [to full text]

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Generally, all the functions of the human body and the vertebrate ones as well, are controlled by the nervous and endocrine system that work on an integrated form, providing stability to the internal and external environment of the body, through the various homeostatic mechanisms. The general aim of this work was to verify the effects of different types of physical training about the concentrations of growth hormones on rats submitted to physical exercises. For the study was used 46 male Wistar rats, with 8 weeks old and initial average weight of 198,48 (±9,69)g were distributed into 3 groups: control group (GC, n=14), trained aerobically (GTA, n=20) and anaerobically trained group (GTF, n=12). To determine the muscular work the group GTF performed the test of a maximum repetition (1RM). The anaerobic training was performed for 12 weeks with three weekly sessions, using 3 series of 10 repetitions on crouching equipment using a charge of 75% of 1RM, weekly readjusted. The aerobic training, also performed for 12 weeks, with three weekly sessions, consisted of a rodent treadmill using a progressive protocol, on speeds of 25 to 30 m.min-1 with varied timing of 10 to 45 minutes and a constant inclination of 1,5%. After three months of training, the animals of the three groups were submitted to an acute protocol of maximum aerobic exercises, that consisted of ran to exhaustion, over a rodent treadmill, at a speed of 10 m.min-1 and 0% of inclination, followed by a gradual increase on each 4 minutes on the speed and inclination until reaching a maximum of 30 m.min-1 of speed and 10% of inclination. After the training cycle, plasmatic levels of GH through lab techniques of biochemical determination were determined on all groups (GC, GTF, GTA), on two distinct moments. The first one on repose (interval of 48 hours without exercise) and second one after the maximum acute aerobic exercise was performed. The statistic treatment used was Test t of Student for dependable samples when comparisons among groups and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA one way) took place, when the comparisons were among groups. Statistic differences weren t found on the concentration of the GH on the first assessment among the three groups. A quite meaningful reduction statistics was evident on the concentration of the GH after the maximum acute aerobic exercise was performed when compared with the values on repose on the first assessment on the groups GC and GTF. The group that performed aerobic training after being submitted to maximum acute aerobic exercise didn t show any meaningful change in the concentration of the GH compared with the values in repose on the first assessment. It may be understood that the maximum acute aerobic exercise didn t provoke changes on the liberation of the GH on aerobically trained animals, but it was capable of provoking a reduction on secretion of GH on anaerobically trained animals and in the control group. / Em geral todas as funções do corpo humano e dos vertebrados são controladas pelos sistemas endócrino e nervoso que atuam de forma integrada proporcionando estabilidade ao ambiente interno e externo do corpo, através de diversos mecanismos homeostáticos. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi verificar os efeitos de distintos tipos de treinamento físico sobre as concentrações do hormônio do crescimento em ratos submetidos a exercícios físicos. Foram utilizados 46 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar, com 8 semanas de idade e peso médio inicial de 198,48 (±9,69)g, divididos em 3 grupos: grupo controle (GC, n=14), grupo treinado aerobicamente (GTA, n =20) e grupo treinado anaerobicamente (GTF, n=12). Para a determinação da carga de trabalho muscular o grupo GTF realizou o teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM). O treinamento anaeróbico foi realizado durante 12 semanas com três sessões semanais, utilizando 3 séries de 10 repetições em um aparelho de agachamento utilizando uma carga de 75% de 1 RM, reajustada semanalmente. O treinamento aeróbico, realizado também durante 12 semanas, com três sessões semanais, consistia de corrida em esteira ergométrica utilizando um protocolo progressivo, a velocidades de 25 a 30 m/min com tempo variando de 10 a 45 minutos e uma inclinação constante de 1,5%. Após os três meses de treinamento, os animais dos três grupos foram submetidos a um protocolo agudo de exercício aeróbico máximo, o qual consistia em correr até a exaustão, sobre um tapete rolante, a uma velocidade de 10m.min-1 e 0% de inclinação, seguido de um aumento gradual a cada 4 minutos na velocidade e na inclinação, até no máximo atingir 30m.min-1 de velocidade e 10% de inclinação. Após o período de treinamento, foram determinados os níveis plasmáticos de GH através de técnicas laboratoriais de determinação bioquímica em todos os grupos (GC, GTF, GTA), em dois momentos distintos. O primeiro em repouso (intervalo de 48 horas sem a realização de exercício físico) e o segundo após a realização do exercício aeróbico agudo máximo. O tratamento estatístico utilizado foi o Test t de Student para amostras dependentes quando se efetuou comparações intragrupos e a Análise de Variância (ANOVA one way) quando as comparações foram intergrupos. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas na concentração do GH na primeira coleta entre os três grupos. Foi evidenciada uma redução estatisticamente significativa na concentração do GH após a realização do exercício aeróbico agudo máximo quando comparado com os valores em repouso da primeira coleta nos grupos GC e GTF. O grupo que realizou treinamento aeróbico após ser submetido ao exercício aeróbico agudo máximo não foi evidenciado qualquer alteração significativa na concentração do GH comparado com os valores em repouso da primeira coleta. Pode-se concluir que o exercício aeróbico agudo máximo não provocou alteração na liberação do GH nos animais treinados aerobicamente, porém foi capaz de provocar uma redução na secreção do GH nos animais treinados anaerobicamente e no grupo controle.