MONTEIRO, Francisco Coracy Carneiro. Acurácia do ultrassom anorretal tridimensional na avaliação do tumor de reto médio e inferior em pacientes submetidos à quimioterapia e radioterapia neoadjuvantes. 2009. 61 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Cirurgia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, 2009. / Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2014-02-19T16:15:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_fccmonteiro.pdf: 6952761 bytes, checksum: 709c34eaf16c3c71a9f5e8e2d0f418f5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by denise santos(denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2014-02-19T16:18:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_fccmonteiro.pdf: 6952761 bytes, checksum: 709c34eaf16c3c71a9f5e8e2d0f418f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-19T16:18:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_fccmonteiro.pdf: 6952761 bytes, checksum: 709c34eaf16c3c71a9f5e8e2d0f418f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O ultrassom anorretal tridimensional (US 3D) proporciona informações acuradas do tamanho do tumor e sua relação com os músculos do esfíncter anal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a acurácia do US 3D em predizer a resposta do câncer retal à quimioterapia e radioterapia, confrontando as imagens do US 3D com os achados histopatológicos. Trinta e dois pacientes (idade média de 59 anos), estadiados em T2 (n=3), T3 (n=23) e T4 (n=6), com metástase em linfonodos perirretais em 22 casos, foram submetidos à quimioterapia e radioterapia neoadjuvantes, seguidas de uma segunda avaliação com US 3D sete semanas depois. Os pacientes foram agrupados conforme a distância (cm) entre a borda distal do tumor e a borda proximal do esfíncter anal interno (EAI) (Grupo I, apresentando invasão do canal anal; Grupo II ≤ 2,0cm; Grupo III > 2,0 cm). Todos os pacientes foram operados e os achados histopatológicos foram confrontados com os resultados do US 3D pós-neoadjuvância. Cinco pacientes (16%) apresentaram regressão completa do tumor. Dezenove pacientes (59%) apresentaram regressão parcial do tumor. A distância ao EAI foi > 2,0cm em 11 pacientes (34%). Os 7 (22%) pacientes restantes não apresentaram regressão. O US 3D e os achados histopatológicos foram concordantes em 31 (97%) pacientes, com apenas um caso (3%) inconclusivo do US 3D pós-neoadjuvância. Comparando as imagens do US 3D com os achados histopatológicos de acordo com a distância entre a borda distal do tumor e a borda proximal do EAI, houve concordância em 100% dos pacientes. A regressão tumoral tornou possível a cirurgia com preservação do esfíncter em 16 pacientes (50%) (onze do Grupo III e cinco com regressão completa do tumor). O exame histopatológico revelou margens livres em todos os casos. O índice de concordância entre as metástases em linfonodos ao US 3D pós-neoadjuvância e as peças cirúrgicas foi substancial (87,5%). Concluiu-se que o US 3D pode auxiliar significativamente na seleção da abordagem cirúrgica após quimioterapia e radioterapia. Entretanto, uma maior amostra de pacientes é necessária para estabelecer parâmetros ultrassonográficos suficientemente acurados após quimioterapia e radioterapia

BARRETO, Rosilma Gorete Lima. Ultra-som anorretal bi-dimensional dinâmico no diagnóstico de anismus em mulheres adultas : estudo comparativo à manometria anal e ultra-som anorretal tri-dimensional dinâmico. 2007. 81 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Cirurgia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, 2007. / Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2014-03-12T15:54:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_rglbarreto.pdf: 1838742 bytes, checksum: c4090966b6f282512b3fc0d67859032d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by denise santos(denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2014-03-12T15:55:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_rglbarreto.pdf: 1838742 bytes, checksum: c4090966b6f282512b3fc0d67859032d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-03-12T15:55:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_rglbarreto.pdf: 1838742 bytes, checksum: c4090966b6f282512b3fc0d67859032d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Anismus is one of the most frequent disease in carrying patients of obstructed defecation and it is being present in about 50.0% of the constipated patients. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the use of the bi-dimensional anorectal ultrasound (2-D USD) for the diagnosis of anismus and comparing the results with the anus manometry and the three-dimensional anorectal ultrasound (3-D USD). Sixty adult women with obstructed defecation symptoms were evaluated in this prospective and comparative study, coming from Colorectal Unit of the Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio of the Universidade Federal do Ceará, between September 2006 to March 2007. All the patients were initially submitted to anus manometry (BAD) and then divided in two groups with 30 patients each. Group I was formed by patients without anismus at the mean age of 48,63 (24 the 69) years, while group II with carrying patients with anismus at the mean age of 51,20 (27 the 78) years. After that, patients of both groups were submitted to the 3-D and 2-D USD by an examiner who was unaware of the results of the manometries. The average size of the gotten angle with the 3-D USD at rest position of group I was 87.28º ± 0.80º (76,5º-96,2º) and of 87.87º ± 0.99º (78,5º-109,4º) in group II. (p=0,3220). The average size of the angle during the evacuatory effort of group I was of 93.25º ± 1.49º (74,9º-106,9º) and of 85.27º ± 1.35º (72,0º- 101,8º) in group II, (p=0.007). The average size of the gotten angle with the USD 2-D at rest positions of group I was 62.61º ± 1.15º (50,9º-75,0º) and of 65.51º ± 0.89º (50,8º-73,0º) in group II (p=0,0257). The average size of the angle during the evacuating effort of group I was of 59.75º ± 1.42º (44,0º-73,0º) and of 69.40º ± 1.06º (52,6º-79,5º) in group II, (p< 0,001). Comparing the differences of the angles size at rest position and during evacuatory effort of the patients of group I with group II, using 2-D and 3-D USD, there was statistically significant difference (p< 0,0001). Comparing the results between the 2-D USD with the manometry, there was agreement in 86,67% and 83,33% of the patients of group I and group II respectivelly. Comparing the results between the 2-D and 3-D USD, there was agreement of 93,33% in the evaluation of the patients of group I and of 90,0% of the patients of group II. The agreement among the three methods was 86,67% as positive predictive value and 83.33% as negative predictive value. It is concluded that the use the 2-D USD was considered efficient in the diagnosis of anismus by the high indication of agreement among the three used methods. / Anismus é uma das afecções mais freqüentes em pacientes portadores de evacuação obstruída, estando presente em cerca de 50.0% dos pacientes constipados. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar se o USD 2-D faz o diagnóstico de anismus, quando comparado a manometria anal e ao USD 3-D. Foram avaliadas neste estudo prospectivo e comparativo 60 mulheres adultas com sintomas de evacuação obstruída, provenientes do Serviço de Coloproctologia do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio da Universidade Federal do Ceará, no período entre setembro de 2006 a março de 2007. Todas as pacientes foram inicialmente submetidas à manometria anal (MA) e, distribuidas em dois grupos com 30 pacientes cada. O grupo I foi constituído por pacientes sem anismus e com média de idade 48,63 (24 a 69) anos, enquanto o grupo II com pacientes portadoras de anismus e com média de idade 51,20 (27 a 78) anos. Em seguida, as pacientes de ambos os grupos foram submetidas à USD 3-D E 2-D por um examinador que desconhecia o resultado da manometria. O tamanho médio do ângulo obtido com o USD 3-D no repouso do grupo I foi 87.28º ± 0.80º (76,5º-96,2º) e de 87.87º ± 0.99º (78,5º-109,4º) no grupo II. (p=0,3220). O tamanho médio do ângulo no esforço evacuatório do grupo I foi de 93.25º ± 1.49º(74,9º-106,9º) e de 85.27º ± 1.35º(72,0º-101,8º) no grupo II, (p=0.007). O tamanho médio do ângulo obtido com a USD 2-D no repouso do grupo I foi 62.61º ± 1.15º(50,9º-75,0º) e de 65.51º ± 0.89º(50,8º-73,0º) no grupo II (p=0,0257). O tamanho médio do ângulo no esforço evacuatório do grupo I foi de 59.75º ± 1.42º(44,0º-73,0º) e de 69.40º ± 1.06º(52,6º-79,5º) no grupo II, (p<0.001). Comparando a diferença do tamanho dos ângulos no repouso e no esforço evacuatório dos pacientes do grupo I com o grupo II, ao USD 2-D e 3-D, foi observado diferença estatisticamente significante (p< 0,0001). Comparando os resultados obtidos ao USD 2-D com a manometria, houve concordância em 86,67% das pacientes de ambos os grupos. Comparando os resultados obtidos entre o USD 2-D com o 3-D, houve concordância de 93,33% na avaliação das pacientes do grupo I e de 90,0% das pacientes do grupo II.A concordância entre os três métodos foi de 86,67% como valor preditivo positivo e 83,33% como valor preditivo negativo. Conclui-se que a o USD 2-D foi eficaz em averiguar o diagnóstico do anismus pelo elevado índice de concordância entre os três métodos utilizados.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:31:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8108_1.pdf: 6228363 bytes, checksum: f9f0ecbe98173cb2745bbd69a0ff9711 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / A presente pesquisa consistiu em um estudo de corte transversal, envolvendo 375 mulheres atendidas no Setor de Colposcopia e Trato Genital Inferior da Disciplina de Ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, com o objetivo de estimar a prevalência de lesão intra-epitelial escamosa anal (ASIL) por ocasião do exame colposcópico e citológico cervical, no período de junho de 2004 a setembro de 2005. Foi também objetivo do estudo identificar a presença de associação entre essa lesão com fatores demográficos, sócio-econômicos, tabagismo, estado de imunossupressão, comportamento sexual, perfil reprodutivo, história de condilomas anogenitais e a ocorrência de lesão intra-epitelial escamosa cervical (CSIL). Dentre as mulheres estudadas, 11 eram soropositivas ao vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida humana (HIV), 24 eram portadoras de lupus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) e duas haviam sido submetidas a transplante de órgãos. Todas as mulheres foram submetidas à colposcopia, anuscopia sob visão colposcópica, citologia cervical e anal. A biópsia anal foi feita em 51 mulheres: em 31 pela presença de citologia anal anormal e alterações anuscópicas e em 20, por anormalidades identificadas exclusivamente à anuscopia. A presença de lesão anal foi considerada através da identificação da citologia anal anormal, em virtude do pequeno número de mulheres submetidas à biópsia anal. As citologias cervicais e anais foram consideradas anormais na presença de esfregaços celulares classificados segundo as recomendações do Sistema Bethesda-2001. Os achados anuscópicos foram avaliados de modo a comparar as modificações observadas com os resultados citológicos e histológicos. A classificação das imagens anuscópicas e colposcópicas seguiu as recomendações da Federação Internacional de Patologia Cervical e Colposcopia (IFCPC) para a avaliação colposcópica cervical, resguardadas as características anatômicas. Para avaliação dos resultados foram realizadas análises uni e multivariadas e utilizados os testes: qui-quadrado, Fisher e Kappa, considerando-se um p<0,05. O percentual de mulheres com citologia anal anormal no grupo do estudo foi de 9,6% e as que apresentavam imunossupressão representaram 2,4% desse total. A ocorrência concomitante de citologia anal e cervical anormal foi observada em 22,7% das mulheres, e em 6,3% foram identificadas apenas lesões anais. Na análise multivariada da associação da lesão anal com as variáveis estudadas foram identificados, como fatores associados: mulheres sem parceiro fixo (OR 2,15; IC 95% 1,00-4,61); fumantes (OR 2,87; IC 95% 1,18-6,97); história de condilomas anogenitais (OR 3,15; IC 95%1,35-7,36); citologia cervical anormal (OR 3,25 IC 95%; 1,49-7,10) e relação sexual anal (OR 1,61 IC 95%;1,01-2,59). Em conclusão, observa-se que as mulheres com citologia cervical anormal, história de condilomas anogentais ou fumantes apresentaram associação significativa com a lesão intra-epitelial escamosa anal

No description available.

Objective: to describe the clinical, endoscopic, and histological characteristics of rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome, formerly known as Solitary rectal ulcer, in patients from a general hospital. Material and methods: All patient diagnosed as rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome during 2010-2013 was selected; the medical history war reviewed and the histological slides were reevaluated by two pathologists. Results: 17 cases of rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome were selected, the majority were males under 50 years, the most common clinical findings were rectal bleeding (82%) and constipation (65%), the endocopic findings were heterogeneous,: erythema (41%), ulcers (35%) and elevated lesions (29%). All cases presented fibromuscular hyperplasia in lamina propia and crypt distortion in the microscopic evaluation. Conclusion: In our study of rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome. The most common clinical findings were rectal bleeding and constipation. Erythematous mucosa was the most common endoscopic finding. / Objetivo: Describir el espectro clínico endoscópico e histológico de síndrome de prolapso de mucosa rectal, antes llamado ulcera rectal solitaria, en pacientes de un hospital general. Material y métodos: Se recolectaron los casos diagnosticados como síndrome de prolapso de mucosa rectal durante los años 2010-2013. Las historias clínicas fueron revisadas y las láminas fueron reevaluadas por 2 patólogos. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 17 casos de prolapso de mucosa rectal, la mayoría en varones menores de 50 años, los hallazgos clínicos más frecuentes fueron rectorragia (82%) y constipación (65%), con hallazgos endoscópicos muy variables que incluyó eritema (41%), ulceras (35%) y lesiones elevadas (29%). Todos los casos presentaron hiperplasia fibromuscular en lámina propia y distorsión de criptas en la evaluación histológica Conclusión: En nuestro estudio de síndrome de prolapso de mucosa rectal la rectorragia y la constipación fueron los hallazgos clínicos más frecuentes. El eritema mucoso fue la presentación endoscópica más frecuente.

Faecal incontinence (FI) is a prevalent complaint in Western populations and causes significant disability. Impaired motor function of the anal canal is a common pathophysiological feature and assessment of sphincteric function with manometry is a routine part of symptom assessment. High-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) may provide a more detailed understanding of anorectal function, however its clinical utility has not been established. Aims The principal aims of this thesis were to: (1) Explore existing practices of anorectal manometry (2) Examine current evidence supporting the use of HRAM (3) Develop and validate a protocol for the performance of HRAM (4) Define normal values for traditional measures of sphincteric function using HRAM (5) Develop and validate novel measures of sphincteric function, and explore whether they improve diagnostic accuracy in patients with FI (6) Examine anorectal function over a prolonged period with HRAM to evaluate the phenomenon of anal sampling (referred to in this thesis as transient anal sphincter relaxations [TASRs]) Methods The following methods were used: (1) A worldwide survey of current practices of anorectal manometry (2) A systemic review of the literature (3) Prospective studies (both standard and prolonged) of anal function in healthy volunteers and patients with FI Results The practice of anorectal manometry is markedly variable internationally with no two centres surveyed employing the same methods. Within the 62 centres surveyed, there were 16 combinations of ways in which squeeze data were reported. A review of the literature demonstrated a growing evidence base for the use of HRAM however there is a paucity of data that confirm added benefits of HRAM over conventional manometry. A standardized protocol for HRAM was developed to allow the reporting of traditional measures of anorectal function. Novel measures derived from HRAM were developed which demonstrate increased sensitivity for the detection of impaired sphincteric control in patients with FI (sensitivity of traditional measure [conventional squeeze increment] 36% vs. 59% for the novel HRAM measure [5-second squeeze profile]). Transient anal sphincter relaxations (TASRs) were characterized using HRAM. In health, TASRs are often perceived by the individual as the urge to pass wind (39% of events) and their frequency increases following meal consumption. Conversely in FI, TASRs are a rare occurrence and are generally not perceived (only one patient (1/10 [10%]) with FI reported GI sensations associated with TASR events). Conclusions Anorectal manometry is in need of standardization. Novel measures derived from HRAM may improve diagnostic utility and further exploration of TASR characteristics might give insight into the pathophysiology of FI.

Objectives: Ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA), the removal of the colon and formation of a reservoir from ileum, is the surgery of choice for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. Yet, 10 to 35% of patients develop pouchitis, an inflammation of the pouch mucosa. Microbial imbalances are observed in pouchitis and inulin has been suggested as a prebiotic treatment. Our objectives were to determine the effect of inulin supplementation on quality of life (QOL), and its practicality and safety as a treatment in IPAA patients.<p> Methods: Adults with IPAA (n= 8) consented to a blinded, placebo-controlled trial of inulin supplementation. Baseline symptoms were measured for 1 month prior to supplementation, followed by a blinded low-dose (5 g of inulin) or placebo (maltodextrin) for 2 weeks and a higher-dose (10 g) for 5.5 months. Participants recorded any symptoms that they experienced in a diary and QOL was assessed using the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ) at the beginning and end of the study.<p> Results: Two participants in the same group developed significant side effects on the 10 g supplementation; abdominal discomfort, severe gas, and small amounts of blood with defecation were reported. Unblinding determined that these participants were taking the active treatment (inulin); therefore, the study was stopped early. No differences were observed in SIBDQ scores.<p> Implications & Conclusions: In this pilot study, inulin appeared to be ineffective in improving QOL and may have contributed to unpleasant side effects. Future research should explore synbiotic therapy in IPAA, by combining prebiotics and probiotics for optimal results.

Bakgrund: Enligt Eriksson är vårdandets mål att skapa förutsättningar för välbefinnande genom att lindra eller förhindra ett lidande. Fekal inkontinens kan innebära ett sjukdomslidande, livslidande och ett vårdlidande. Syfte: Beskriva livskvalitet hos kvinnor och män med fekal inkontinens. Metod: En systematisk litteratur studie genomfördes. Databassökningar utfördes i PubMed, Cinahl och PsycINFO. Tio kvalitetsgranskade vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades varav sju var kvantitativa och tre var kvalitativa. Textanalys användes som hjälp vid tolkning och analys, vilket innebär att jämföra likheter och skillnader. Resultatet diskuterades i förhållande till Erikssons omvårdnadsteori. Resultat: Tre kategorier hittades. I kategorin fysisk hälsa framkom att planering och hantering av fekal inkontinens var ett genomgripande inslag som påverkade individernas hela livssituation. I kategorin psykisk hälsa framkom genans, skuld- och skamkänslor, osäkerhet, ensamhet, oro, ångest och depression. Känslor av främlingskap inför sina egna kroppar och självbilden förändrades. I kategorin sociala relationer omgivning och miljö framkom att det sociala livet begränsades påtagligt och det sexuella livet var försämrat. Det framkom att personer med fekal inkontinens undvek att söka vård för sina besvär. Slutsats: Fekal inkontinens är ett dolt problem som försämrar livskvalitet. För att sjuksköterskor bättre ska uppmärksamma problemet behövs kunskap och lyhördhet för att kunna identifiera och hjälpa patienterna till en förbättrad livskvalitet. Nyckelord: Fekal inkontinens, anal inkontinens, livskvalitet, kroppsuppfattning

Objectives: Ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA), the removal of the colon and formation of a reservoir from ileum, is the surgery of choice for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis. Yet, 10 to 35% of patients develop pouchitis, an inflammation of the pouch mucosa. Microbial imbalances are observed in pouchitis and inulin has been suggested as a prebiotic treatment. Our objectives were to determine the effect of inulin supplementation on quality of life (QOL), and its practicality and safety as a treatment in IPAA patients.<p> Methods: Adults with IPAA (n= 8) consented to a blinded, placebo-controlled trial of inulin supplementation. Baseline symptoms were measured for 1 month prior to supplementation, followed by a blinded low-dose (5 g of inulin) or placebo (maltodextrin) for 2 weeks and a higher-dose (10 g) for 5.5 months. Participants recorded any symptoms that they experienced in a diary and QOL was assessed using the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ) at the beginning and end of the study.<p> Results: Two participants in the same group developed significant side effects on the 10 g supplementation; abdominal discomfort, severe gas, and small amounts of blood with defecation were reported. Unblinding determined that these participants were taking the active treatment (inulin); therefore, the study was stopped early. No differences were observed in SIBDQ scores.<p> Implications & Conclusions: In this pilot study, inulin appeared to be ineffective in improving QOL and may have contributed to unpleasant side effects. Future research should explore synbiotic therapy in IPAA, by combining prebiotics and probiotics for optimal results.

Background: Sphincter injury is serious complication in connection to vaginal childbirth. Desire to avoid vaginal birth again is seen in women who previously suffered from a sphincter injury. Objective: To identify and evaluate obstetric guidelines in Sweden regarding sphincter injury in relation to childbirth Method: Content analysis with a combination of a deductive and inductive approach. Results: The most frequently occurring risk factors and prevention with help of perineal protection were described in the guidelines. The physician made diagnosis and repaired the sphincter injury at the theatre.  Complications such as coital pain and anal incontinence were described in the guidelines. Paracetamol and diclofenac was most common analgesic regimen given for pain. Prophylaxis such as antibiotic treatment and laxative were common. Information given to women was described. Follow-up by physician, midwife and physiotherapist was recommended after four weeks to six months. For future birth a cesarean section was recommended. Conclusion: The guidelines were constructed in the same way and had to a large extent similar content. The authors of the present work recommend a national guideline. / Bakgrund: Sfinkterskada är en allvarlig komplikation i samband med vaginal förlossning. Önskan om att undvika vaginal förlossning igen ses hos kvinnor som tidigare drabbats av sfinkterskada. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att ta reda på om det fanns riktlinjer gällande sfinkterskada i samband med förlossning vid Sveriges förlossningskliniker samt sammanställa och granska innehållet i riktlinjerna. Metod: Innehållsanalys med en kombination av deduktiv och induktiv ansats. Resultat: Av de 39 kliniker som svarade hade 31 riktlinjer gällande sfinkterskada. I riktlinjerna beskrevs vanligast förekommande riskfaktorer samt prevention med hjälp av perinealskydd. Läkaren ställde diagnos och utförde reparation av sfinkterskadan på operationsavdelningen. Komplikationer som samlagssmärta och anal inkontinens fanns beskrivet i riktlinjerna. Paracetamol och diklofenak var den vanligast förekommande smärtlindringen. Profylax som antibiotikabehandling och laxantia gavs av de flesta förlossningskliniker. Information till den nyförlösta kvinnan beskrevs. Uppföljning hos läkare, barnmorska och sjukgymnast rekommenderades efter fyra veckor till sex månader. Vid kommande graviditet och förlossning föredrogs kejsarsnitt. Slutsats: Riktlinjerna var uppbyggda på samma sätt och hade till stor del liknande innehåll. Författarna till föreliggande fördjupningsarbete efterfrågar en nationell riktlinje.