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Estetický soud z perspektivy filozofie, psychologie a neurovědy / Aesthetic Judgement from Philosophical, Psychological and Neuroscientific PerspectivesHadravová, Tereza January 2014 (has links)
Title: Aesthetic judgement from philosophical, psychological, and neuroscientific perspectives Author: Tereza Hadravová Department: Aesthetics Department Supervisor: prof. PhDr. Vlastimil Zuska, CSc. Abstract: How does science relate to aesthetics? This question usually reads as a question concerning scientific contribution to aesthetics. Philosophers are most- ly skeptical about the application of scientific results in their domain, wheras psychologists and, in recent years, neuroscientists are optimistic. In the thesis, I argue that both of these positions, in their extreme versions, impede the mutual enrichment of science and aesthetics. The starting-point of the thesis is George Dickie's radical claim that no scientific information has ever been relevant for aesthetics. The claim, I argue, is firmly embedded in the aftermath of logical positivism: it is related to the e↵ort to "rescue" aesthetics from progressive eli- mination. As a consequence, most of analytic aesthetics discourse has ignored psychologically informed conception of aesthetic judgement, including some fine distinctions that such a conception enables, e.g. the di↵erence between judgements about pleasure and aesthetic judgements. The distinctions are further elaborated and, in the last part of the thesis, the results of this elaboration are...
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Les voies de la singularité : pour une généalogie des oeuvres d'art / The roots of singularity : for a genealogy of artworksLiucci-Goutnikov, Nicolas 18 November 2015 (has links)
S’il n’existe pas d’« objet esthétique », comme l’ont soutenu Genette et Schaeffer, mais simplement des « relations esthétiques », comment définir ce que sont ou ce que font les œuvres d’art ? Un concept élémentaire, présent de façon diffuse dans de nombreux écrits sur l’art, se révèle opératoire : le concept de singularité. La singularité peut expliquer nombre des qualités attribuées aux œuvres d’art, notamment leur capacité maintes fois relevée à arrêter l’attention. Comme l’ont souligné de nombreux penseurs, de Kant à Goodman, l’œuvre d’art tient l’esprit en éveil : dans la relation aux œuvres d’art, écrit ce dernier, « le moteur est la curiosité et le but est d’obtenir des lumières » [Nelson Goodman, Langages de l’art (1968), trad. J. Morizot]. Exigeant que l’attention se porte sur l’objet en tant qu’individu, la singularité met à mal les généralités formulées sur les œuvres d’art, tout en inscrivant chacune d’entre elles dans l’histoire. Pour percevoir et comprendre une singularité, il est nécessaire de connaître le « monde de l’art » contre lequel elle s’affirme : l’établissement d’une généalogie se révèle indispensable. Renversant la logique de l’origine, l’identification de la parenté immédiate d’une œuvre d’art permet de saisir des relations d’identité entrelacées, croisées, mais aussi et surtout ces différences déterminantes grâce auxquelles l’œuvre peut affirmer sa propre singularité… et peut-être de susciter à son tour une descendance. Plusieurs études de cas s’attachent à le montrer - textes sur l’art de Greenberg, Rosenberg ou Judd, et œuvres d’art de Warhol, Levine ou Sehgal –, cherchant à tracer ainsi, de façon généalogique, les voies de la singularité. / If there is no such object as an “aesthetic object”, as Genette and Schaeffer have argued, but only “aesthetic relations”, how to define what an artwork is or does? An elementary concept, present in a pervasive manner in many writings about art, appears to be operative: the concept of singularity. Singularity can explain a lot of the qualities, which are usually assigned to artworks, in particular their ability to draw attention on them. As many authors have emphasized, from Kant to Goodman, an artwork keeps the mind active: in our relation to artworks, writes the latter, “the drive is curiosity and the aim enlightenment”.Given that this sort of attention requires to focus on the object as an individual, singularity jeopardizes the generalities, which are usually stated about artworks, though inscribing each of them in history. In order to perceive and to understand a singularity, it is necessary to know against which “artworld” this singularity asserts itself: an indispensable step seems the establishment of a genealogy. Through reversing the logic of origin, the identification of the immediate relationship of an artwork allows to embrace intertwined identity links, but also, and above all, these decisive differences, which allow the artwork to assert its singularity… and maybe to arouse some descendants. Different case studies make every effort to show it – texts about art written by Greenberg, Rosenberg or Judd, artworks from Warhol, Levine or Sehgal –, trying to trace, along a genealogical path, the roots of singularity.
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