Research has examined how encoding or retrieval factors affect metamemory. Few studies have manipulated both an encoding and a retrieval factor in the same paradigm. The current experiments examined which factor had a greater impact on metamemory when both were manipulated. Attention was manipulated during encoding and Retroactive Interference was manipulated at retrieval.Two lists of word pairs were studied, with the second list including both new pairs and cues from the first list re-paired with a new target. The attention manipulation occurred when studying the first list in which participants denoted when one tone sequence changed to another. Participants gave predictions about the likelihood of future recall of the original targets either immediately following study (JOL) or in a separate phase after studying all pairs (DJOL). The Modified Opposition Test (MOT) was used in which a hint was used to direct participants to the correct list for recall. After all pairs were studied and predicted, participants completed a cued-recall test. In Experiment 1, DJOLs were used because they are collected between encoding and retrieval. Both factors impacted memory, but DJOLs were only impacted by the retrieval factor. A dissociation between memory and metamemory under retroactive interference was expected and replicates prior research (Eakin, 2005). In Experiment 2, JOLs were added; JOLs are measured during the encoding phase, allowing the impact of the encoding factor to be observed. Replicating Experiment 1, memory was affected by both the encoding and retrieval factor, but JOLs were impacted by the retrieval factor. Another comparison using a standard cued-recall test instead of the MOT, showed that JOLs were no longer influenced by the retrieval factor, but they still did not vary with attention. The results conclusively suggest that metamemory was not based on encoding factors, even when the retrieval factor is not influencing the predictions. Koriat’s (1993, 1994) accessibility heuristic can explain these results. Predictions were based on how much information came to mind when the prediction is made, regardless of whether that information is correct. Furthermore, metamemory predictions are based on heuristics that do not always follow memory outcomes.

Food accessibility was determined for each Mississippi County, based on data obtained from the Retail Survey regarding common fruits and vegetables in available in food stores. Availability data were correlated with four social-economic/demographic variables: race, median household income, SNAP enrollment, and education. There were negative low magnitude correlations between percentages of Africans American and fresh fruit and vegetables availability, and percentages of SNAP benefits recipients and fresh fruit and vegetables availability. Positive low magnitude correlations were found between income and fresh fruit availability, and education and fruit availability. Lastly, moderate positive correlations were found between education and fruit availability and income and availability. This research can be used to help extension agents and farmers’ market managers better understand places that may have a lack of fresh food available. This research will also allow SNAP-Ed professionals a chance to have an idea of where their services are needed.

Shenzhen is the fastest growing magacity in China, and one that is always young. It attracts workers with a large number of jobs in high-tech zones, but the lack of housing and the banning of illegal urban villages also reduces the possibilities for workers to settle. The governmental planning of the high-tech zone attempts to address the spatial separation of work and life in future. On this basis, this project aims to reshape the urban spatial relationship and achieve a better quality of urban settlement, from a human perspective, using urban mobility and green accessibility. This project focuses on three aspects of urban spatial relationships:1. Increase in housing supply and coexistence with work space;2. Increased transport diversity, reshaping the urban street hierarchy;3. An east-west axis and integrated green network dominated by green accessibility.

The building of a communitycentre in Gottsunda is part of an uppgrade of the suburb. A main feature of the upgrade will be a city street along the tramway that will run through the area.To give the old and the new inhabitants of the area a chance to meet and form a local identity, the focus of the house will be accessibility and flexibility. The main functions are all situated at ground level. The core of the project is the possibility to link the the different premises to larger continous spatial entitys for bigger events, and still being able to maintain the integrity and function of each premise.The buildingmaterials are PM-wood and glulam to avoid the bigger climatic impact of for example concrete. That the building is modifiable and open to many areas of use and activities will hopefully give it a long life, and avoid the climatic impact of further new building. / Byggandet av ett stadsdelscenter i Gottsunda är en del av en uppgradering av området -ett miljonprogramsområde från 70-talet- som bl a innefattar byggandet av ett stadsstråk längs den spårväg som kommer att löpa genom området. För att ge de gamla och de nya invånarna en möjlighet att mötas och skapa en lokal identitet har tyngdpunkten lagts på att skapa ett tillgängligt och flexibelt hus. De stora offentliga programpunkterna ligger alla i gatuplan. Kärnan i projektet är möjligheten att förena de olika lokalerna till större sammanhängande rumsliga enheter för större evenemang, samtidigt som varje programpunkt får behålla sin integritet och kan bedriva sin specifika verksamhet utan att störa de andra delarna eller störas av de andra delarna. Byggnadsmaterialen är kl-trä och limträ för att undvika den större klimatpåverkan som t ex betong har. Att byggnaden är modifierbar och öppen för flera användningsområden och verksamheter kan förhoppningsvis ge den ett långt den kan få ett långt liv, så att man därigenom undviker den klimatpåverkan som nybyggnation innebär.

Transport and mobilities contribute majorly to our global emissions of greenhouse gas, while at the same time is necessary for citizens to travel for jobs and recreation. A shift of more sustainable development is adopted within the EU and sustainable mobilities play a key part in this. Both for societal growth but also mitigation. Regional organizations usually take care of the questions of transport within the region, but how can local circumstances and municipal planning for a shift towards a more sustainable development in a northern environment look like? And what local circumstances need to be considered? Especially when there can be organizational limitations. This descriptive study aims to answer that through a deductive document analysis of official documents and interviews with officials from different municipalities, which is coded thematically from a theoretical framework of previous studies. In this process, the term “access to mobility” is also constructed to clarify what this study aims to describe within those broad fields. Circumstances that were present were found usually concluded in prolonged distances and complexities for alternative choices of mobilities than the car. On top of this measures were focused on decreasing distances and time, while at the same time encouraging citizens to use and value more sustainable mobilities, since these are seen to contribute to all dimensions of sustainable development.

Background: An adequate supply of medicines in health establishments will increase the possibility of adequate control of hypertension and diabetes. Objective: To determine the shortage of antidiabetic and antihypertensive drugs at the national level in the context of the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. Material y methods: Analysis of the "Sistema Integrado de Suministro de Medicamentos e Insumos Médicos Quirúrgicos" (SISMED) Database, between June 13th and July 15th, 2020, according to the "National list for medicines of essential medicines" (PNUME) of Ministry of health. Results: And between 4 and 96% of the departments have a total shortage of at least one antidiabetic, and 4% and 96% of at least one antihypertensive. The most depleted antidiabetic was Metformin 500 mg, and the most depleted antihypertensive drugs were Labetalol 5 mg / ml iny, Atenolol 50 mg tab and Carvedilol 6.25 mg tab. The percentage of distribution was higher in hospitals and specialized institutes in comparison with primary health facilities. Conclusions: There is a shortage of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs in health centers in Peru. © 2021 Medical Body of the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital. / Revisión por pares

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.