Thesis advisor: Callista Roy / The purpose of this secondary analysis was to understand the coping and adaptation processes of reservist soldiers and one family member throughout the first year following deployment to Iraq. A directed content analysis based on the Roy (2009, 2011) conceptualization of coping and adaptation was accomplished on 75 interviews from 20 Army Reserve and family participants. Research questions were; which contextual stimuli affected the coping capacity for dealing with focal stimuli; military deployment and reintegration. Second, whether resourceful and focused coping at Wave 1 positively influenced the adaptation level at 52 weeks. Third, whether physical and fixed coping at Wave 1 negatively affected the adaptation level at 52 weeks. Fourth, whether coping capacity varied during the reintegration year. Findings confirmed primary study outcomes (MacDermid, 2006) where participants described individualized reintegration. Informants' depictions were different from the previously published, "New Emotional Cycles of Deployment." Contextual stimuli were complicating or protective and exerted substantial influence on managing the deployment and reintegration. Cognitive-emotional processing the meaning and repercussions of the deployment is part of the reintegration process. Resourceful and focused coping positively affected the adaptation level at 52 weeks. Insufficient reports of physical and fixed coping precluded determining its effect. Coping efforts were a discrete measure of coping extrapolated from narratives, and were found to fluctuate throughout the year. When demands intensified, participants accelerated their coping efforts as predicted by the Roy adaptation model (2009). Coping strategies were effective or ineffective. Concepts of transcendence, transformation, and hope were understood in new ways within the Roy model. Transcendence in individuals and groups was further explicated. Spirit was another concept from Roy's work that was observed in the participants. Implications for policy, theory, nursing practice, education and research are discussed. Keywords: adaptation, adaptation level, coping, coping efforts, Roy adaptation model, spirit, transcendence, transformation, hope, military deployment, post-deployment, reintegration, Reservist, military family, deployment cycle, directed content analysis / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing. / Discipline: Nursing.

L'accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) est une des principales causes de handicap et de décès chez les adultes dans le monde. Un nombre important de travaux de recherche ont été émergés afin d'améliorer les stratégies de rééducation en incluant les jeux sérieux dans le processus thérapeutique. L'avantage des jeux sérieux consiste à fournir aux patients un environnement d'entraînement personnalisé et immersive. La thèse se focalise sur une technique d'adaptation qui vise à améliorer les résultats de l'entrainement des patients tout en maintenant leur motivation durant une session thérapeutique. La technique est basée sur l'évaluation des capacités motrices des patients hémiplégiques pour adapter dynamiquement la difficulté de jeu. Elle a été évaluée via des expérimentations avec des joueurs sains, des thérapeutes et des patients atteints d'AVC. Les résultats de l'évaluation montrent que la technique d'adaptation permet d'augmenter le nombre de tâches, le nombre de tâches réussies ainsi que l'amplitude du mouvement. En outre, elle permet également de maintenir la motivation des joueurs en la comparant aux stratégies de contrôle. Cela peut être donc prometteur pour améliorer la récupération de patients qui ont subi un AVC. / A stroke is among the major causes of adults' disability and death worldwide. To date, a growing amount of research studies have been devoted to improve rehabilitation strategies by including serious games in the therapeutic process. The benefit of serious games lies in providing patients with a customized and immersive training environment. The thesis focuses on an adaptation technique that seeks to enhance the patients' training outcomes while maintaining their motivation. It is based on the assessment of the patient's motor abilities to dynamically adapt the game difficulty. The technique has been evaluated through experiments with healthy players, therapists and stroke patients. The results of the evaluation show that the adaptive technique has increased the training outcomes in terms of the number of tasks, number of successful tasks as well as the movement amplitude. In addition, it has also maintained the players' motivation compared with the control strategies. This can therefore be promising to enhance stroke patients' recovery.

Les tabous et l’autocensure : la sexualité, la violence et le politiquement correct dans les films de Zhang YimouDans un film, la sexualité, la violence et le politiquement correct sont toujours les tabous qu’il faut traiter avec précaution. Malgré la mise en place de la classification cinématographique au monde occidental, le législateur s’empare quand même du contrôle des films au nom de la protection de la jeunesse, pas davantage en République populaire de Chine, le pouvoir communiste qui reste encore au XXIe siècle un régime autoritaire, a le pouvoir absolu des autocrates sur la création artistique. Par là, les tabous, en particulier le politiquement correct, sont interdits de toucher, et la censure omniprésente s’accompagne toujours du processus de la production du film, dont la conception du plan, la genèse du scénario, la réalisation, et la diffusion, provoque le réalisateur à faire l’autocensure lors de la création cinématographique.En tant que leader des cinéastes chinois à notre époque, Zhang Yimou est plutôt un signe légendaire qui témoigne du développement du film chinois, et ses œuvres abondantes, tant en quantité qu’en diversité, servent d’un objet parfait à l’analyse. La plupart de ses œuvres se réalisent à l’aide de l’adaptation cinématographique du texte. Par là, un contraste entre les deux modes d’expression, celui du récit et celui d’audiovisuel, met en relief l’altérité qui nous permet d’avancer notre étude sur la mise en scène de la sexualité, de la violence et du politiquement correct sur l’écran et l’autocensure de notre réalisateur lors de la création cinématographique.Notre étude se propose d’analyser le traitement des tabous par Zhang Yimou au cours de la création cinématographique dans le but de contourner la censure des autorités. Trois axes principaux de recherche ont été privilégiés dans ce travail : l’analyse de la censure cinématographique, son histoire, ses lois et règlements en droit du film, l’analyse de l’interview de Zhang Yimou à la télévision, et à la description de ses coopérateurs, et l’analyse en détail des œuvres filmiques de Zhang Yimou. / Taboos and self-censorship : Sexuality, violence and political correctness in Zhang Yimou’s filmsIn a movie, sex, violence, and political correctness are often taboos. These taboos need to be handled with caution. Although the film grading system in Western countries has been established, those legislators still use cessation as an excuse to control the film in order to protect the minors. Moreover, as far as the People’s Republic of China is concerned, as one of the few remaining authoritarian regimes in the 21st century, the Communist regime has absolute arbitrary control over artistic creation. Therefore, these taboos, especially political correctness, are not allowed to touch. The ubiquitous review is often accompanied by the entire process of film production, which involves conception, script-writing, filming, and distribution, prompting the director to constantly self-censorize the film and television creationg process.As the leader of the contemporary Chinese film, Zhang Yimou is almost a legendary symbol, he witnessed the development of Chinese film. And his rich works, both in quantity and diversity, are undoubtedly the perfect research subject. Most of his works are derived from the adaptation of literature to film. The two different expression modes of literature and film, one is the textual expression, and the other is the audiovisual presentation, which forms a sharp contrast. The contrast helps us to study how to present sexuality, violence, and political correctness on the screen, as well as the director’s self-censorship during film-making.Our research focuses on analyzing that how Zhang Yimou is handling of thses taboos in the film-making process, thus avoiding the review of those in power. This paper mainly cuts into three latitudes: Firstly, for the study of film censorship, the study of its history, legal rules and articles. Secondly, the analysis of Zhang Yimou’s TV interviews and the descriptions of his collaborators, and finally a detailed and indepth analysis of Zhang Yimou’s works.

Les systèmes de recommandation sont des outils servant à suggérer aux utilisateurs des items pouvant les intéresser. De tels systèmes requièrent la définition d'un algorithme prenant en compte le domaine d'application. Cet algorithme est ensuite exécuté pour chaque utilisateur du système afin de lui générer des recommandations, et ce, sans prendre en compte ses particularités et ses besoins spécifiques.L'objet de cette thèse consiste à proposer une nouvelle approche de recommandation hybride combinant plusieurs algorithmes de recommandation afin d'obtenir une recommandation plus précise. De plus, l'approche proposée repose sur la structure de l'ontologie donnée en entrée du système, ce qui la rend réutilisable, facilement adaptable et applicable à tous les domaines (musique, publications scientifiques, films, etc.).Nous nous sommes également intéressées à la détection du type de recommandations auxquelles l'utilisateur répond le mieux afin d'adapter le processus de recommandation à chaque catégorie d'utilisateur et d'obtenir des recommandations plus ciblées. Notre approche de recommandation permet également d'expliquer les recommandations obtenues, ce qui permet d'augmenter la confiance de l'utilisateur vis-à-vis du système en lui prouvant que ses recommandations lui sont personnellement destinées et de lui donner la possibilité de corriger les explications, ce qui améliore la connaissance de l'utilisateur par le système et aide à écarter les futures recommandations non pertinentes.Le système de recommandation défini a été expérimenté hors-ligne à l'aide d'une validation croisée sur le dataset de MovieLens et en ligne avec de vrais utilisateurs. Les résultats obtenus sont très satisfaisants. / Recommender systems are tools used to present users with items that might interest them. Such systems use algorithms that rely on the domain application. These algorithms are then executed for each user in order to find the most relevant recommendations for him, without taking into account his specific needs.In this thesis, we define a hybrid recommender system which combines several recommendation algorithms in order to obtain more accurate recommendations. Moreover, the defined approach relies on the structure of the input ontology, which makes the framework reusable, adaptable and domain-independent (music, research papers, films, etc.).We also had an interest in detecting in which kind of recommendations a user responds better in order to adapt the recommendation process to each user category and obtain more targeted recommendations. Finally, our approach can explain each recommendation, which increases the user confidence in the system by proving him that the recommendations are adapted to him. We also allow the user to correct the explanations in order to help the system to get a better understanding of him and avoid non accurate recommendations in the future.Our recommender system has been experimented online with real users and offline by performing a cross-validation on the MovieLens dataset. The results of the experimentation are very satisfying so far.

What does it sound like to fall down a rabbit hole? This was not a question that concerned Lewis Carroll when he wrote Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, but it has challenged the many individuals who have adapted his story for film, ballet, video games, and other multimedia formats since its creation. In recent decades, the proliferation of adaptations across a variety of new media has offered scholars a renewed opportunity to more closely examine this and other critical issues raised when considering the relationships between adapted texts and their original sources. This dissertation argues for a greater critical emphasis on the aurality of adaptation by examining the narrative potential of sound in adaptations across a variety of media forms. Despite scholarship on adaptations and comparable studies contemplating sound in adapted texts, these two streams of scholarly inquiry have largely remained isolated within adaptation studies and musicology, respectively. Through this dissertation, I provide an examination of sound’s capacity to shape, nuance, or subvert the other parts of a multimedia adaptation, thus bridging these disciplinary discussions. This dissertation balances a broad survey of Alice adaptations with the highly focused examination of two case studies: Christopher Wheeldon’s ballet, Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, and Tim Burton’s film, Alice in Wonderland. The survey demonstrates a model for analyzing the aurality of adaptation across media forms, while the case studies provide an in-depth examination of aural adaptation in relation to specific media forms. The analysis undertaken focuses on the intersection of narrative, sound, and adaptation, revealing complex and multifaceted relationships. In this work, I merge score analysis with visual and narrative analyses, using films or filmed versions of stage productions as the primary source materials. From this rigorous comparative analysis, trends in musical interpretation emerge, indicating some of the prevailing expectations concerning Alice and its aural adaptations.

Many organisms with complex life cycles undergo transition periods associated with increased vulnerability to predation. Several evolutionary adaptations have been proposed as antipredator defenses for organisms during risky transition periods. These include: shortening of the transition period, parental care, cryptic coloration, and synchrony of risky transitions with large numbers of conspecifics. The results of my research support the hypothesis that synchrony of metamorphosis and emergence from the water and aggregation during the period of transformation may be antipredator defenses for the western toad (Bufo boreas). For some anuran species, synchronous metamorphosis may function as an antipredator adaptation by swamping predators during the period of transformation. I examined the levels of synchrony of emergence from the water of metamorphosing western toads (Bufo boreas) in the presence and absence of a live snake predator, the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) in a laboratory experiment. To compare between the treatments, I measured the time to emergence from the water, the number of metamorphs emerging together, and the level of aggregation (before and during emergence) of the toads in each treatment. There was a difference between the treatments when all three factors were considered. I attributed these differences to a behavioral response in which B. boreas emerged sooner in the presence of the predator, regardless of whether individual toads had reached the point at which they were physically better suited to the terrestrial environment than the larval environment. Since the Pacific treefrog (Hyla regilla) is also preyed upon by T. sirtalis during the vulnerable period of metamorphosis, I conducted a laboratory experiment to test the effects of the presence of T. sirtalis on 1) aggregation of larval and metamorphosing H. regilla, 2) time to metamorphosis, 3) synchrony of metamorphosis, 4) time to emergence from the water and 5) synchrony of emergence from the water. The only significant effect observed in this experiment was a difference between aggregation levels of H. regilla throughout the experiment. There was, however, a strong trend in which the variances around the mean times to metamorphosis and emergence of the frogs in the control treatments were larger than those in the predator treatments. This could indicate a trend toward synchrony of metamorphosis and emergence for H. regilla in the presence of snake predators. / Graduation date: 1998

In cultural adaptation, the translator has a solid theoretical ground to stand upon; scholars have elaborated strategies that are helpful to this effect. However, there is little research, if any, to rely upon in the matter of temporal adaptation. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap. The primary data used in this translational study consists of an English source text that was published in 2008 and the resulting target text, translated to Swedish in 2012. Hence, in order for the target text to function in its time, there was a four-year long time gap to fill with accurate and relevant data and in a style that would not deviate from the author’s original intentions; the target text needed to be temporally adapted. In what follows, I will suggest a set of strategies for temporal adaptation. The model is elaborated with strategies for cultural adaptation as a starting point and based upon measures taken to relocate the target text to 2012. The suggested strategies are time bridging, updating, adjustment and omission. These four strategies make up the model that I put forward to bridge the theoretical gap that seems to prevail in the matter of temporal adaptation. However, considering that the data used in this study was relatively limited, the applicability of the strategies may be the scope of future studies.

Ecosystem-based adaptation as a concept of adapting to the adverse effects of climate change has become a popular approach that enjoys a good reputation. However, the evidence base for it is rather thin. This thesis sets out to explore the challenges and limitations linked to projects that engage in the concept, in order to estimate the potential threat that may lie in the ignorance of them. Timescales of projects related to the concept shall be the second major focus of this thesis as it has not been sufficiently examined yet by the literature. Empirical material has been gathered and analyzed in the form of interviews with people who have been and are currently working in projects related to ecosystem-based adaptation. The results allow recommendations for the implementation of future projects, as lessons learned were identified.

published_or_final_version / Zoology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Carleton University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-178). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.