MSc (Nursing), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand / Nurses working with critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs) have a unique role to play in health care. They spend 24 hours with patients and come into contact with all the disciplines which come to review these patients. Nurses therefore need to effectively collaborate with the multidisciplinary teams, especially physicians, in order to meet patients’ needs and maximise patient care outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe nurses’ perceptions towards nurse-physician collaboration in the intensive care units. A non experimental descriptive study design was utilised in this study. Data were collected using a questionnaire developed from the Jefferson Scale of Attitude toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration with additional two open-ended questions to cover the rest of the study objectives. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics as well as content analysis. Results showed that nurses working in Intensive Care units (ICUs) had positive attitude towards nurse-physician collaboration regardless of gender, years of working in the ICUs and whether registered intensive critical care nurse or not. The findings also showed that nurses perceive that the process of nurse-physician collaboration in Intensive Care Units provokes a number of challenges, such as superior-subordinate relationships which exist between nurses and physicians, workload and overlapping responsibilities hence, nurses feel inferior, undermined, mostly overwork and become frustrated. However, nurses suggested that promoting team-work; a focus on patient-centered care and staff motivation would assist in creating effective collaborative environment. collaborative environment

Este trabalho dá continuidade aos estudos desenvolvidos durante minha pesquisa de mestrado, no qual apresentei, dentro de uma abordagem humanística, as paisagens do Distrito de Brasilândia, localizado na Zona Norte do Município de São Paulo. Integra o Núcleo de Estudos da Paisagem: Paisagem, Cultura e Participação Social do Lab Cidade - Espaço Público e Direito à Cidade da FAU USP. Nesta nova aproximação são apresentadas possibilidades de compreensão de paisagens e de interferência nos processos que as produzem, tomando como referência as metodologias participativas. Entende-se que o estudo colaborativo da paisagem pode mostrar-se para o morador como uma oportunidade de construção autônoma e libertária1 de seus modos de ser na paisagem. Contribui, nesse caso, com as comunidades envolvidas na mudança de suas realidades, a partir de sua reflexão, bem como possibilita ao pesquisador/acadêmico a construção de um novo referencial urbanístico, social e ambiental para estudo da paisagem, elaborado de acordo com as informações que emergem do cotidiano, e do intenso contato com o campo. Esta pesquisa têm como proposta a implantação de células avançadas do Núcleo de Estudos da Paisagem (NEP) nas áreas de estudo. Entende-se que a implantação dessas células permite verificar as possibilidades e conseqüências dessa proposta colaborativa de produção de conhecimento. Nela, pesquisadores e população são parceiros da investigação da realidade, partilhando e produzindo conhecimentos, organizando ações, e difundindo estes conhecimentos por meios de comunicação social. / This work continues the studies developed during my master\'s research, when I presented, according to a humanistic approach, the landscapes of the District of Brasilândia, located in the North Zone of São Paulo. It integrates the Study of Landscape: Culture and Social Participation in Lab City - Public Space and the Right to the City FAU USP. In this new approach are presented the possibilities to comprehend landscapes and interference in the processes that produce them, from the use of participatory methodologies. It is understood that the collaborative study of the landscape can show to the resident as an opportunity to build their autonomous and libertarian ways of being in the landscape. This study contributes, near to the communities involved, to the change of their realities, considering their reflection. It offers to the researcher a new reference in urban, social and environmental study of the landscape, created according to the information which emerges from everyday life, and intense contact with the field. These studies have proposed as the implantation of cells at the Center for Advanced Studies in Landscape (NEP) in the study areas. It is understood that the implantation of these cells allows that people can check the possibilities and consequences of the proposed collaborative knowledge production in which people are researchers and research partners of reality, producing and sharing knowledge, organizing actions, and disseminating this knowledge through the media social.

Este trabalho dá continuidade aos estudos desenvolvidos durante minha pesquisa de mestrado, no qual apresentei, dentro de uma abordagem humanística, as paisagens do Distrito de Brasilândia, localizado na Zona Norte do Município de São Paulo. Integra o Núcleo de Estudos da Paisagem: Paisagem, Cultura e Participação Social do Lab Cidade - Espaço Público e Direito à Cidade da FAU USP. Nesta nova aproximação são apresentadas possibilidades de compreensão de paisagens e de interferência nos processos que as produzem, tomando como referência as metodologias participativas. Entende-se que o estudo colaborativo da paisagem pode mostrar-se para o morador como uma oportunidade de construção autônoma e libertária1 de seus modos de ser na paisagem. Contribui, nesse caso, com as comunidades envolvidas na mudança de suas realidades, a partir de sua reflexão, bem como possibilita ao pesquisador/acadêmico a construção de um novo referencial urbanístico, social e ambiental para estudo da paisagem, elaborado de acordo com as informações que emergem do cotidiano, e do intenso contato com o campo. Esta pesquisa têm como proposta a implantação de células avançadas do Núcleo de Estudos da Paisagem (NEP) nas áreas de estudo. Entende-se que a implantação dessas células permite verificar as possibilidades e conseqüências dessa proposta colaborativa de produção de conhecimento. Nela, pesquisadores e população são parceiros da investigação da realidade, partilhando e produzindo conhecimentos, organizando ações, e difundindo estes conhecimentos por meios de comunicação social. / This work continues the studies developed during my master\'s research, when I presented, according to a humanistic approach, the landscapes of the District of Brasilândia, located in the North Zone of São Paulo. It integrates the Study of Landscape: Culture and Social Participation in Lab City - Public Space and the Right to the City FAU USP. In this new approach are presented the possibilities to comprehend landscapes and interference in the processes that produce them, from the use of participatory methodologies. It is understood that the collaborative study of the landscape can show to the resident as an opportunity to build their autonomous and libertarian ways of being in the landscape. This study contributes, near to the communities involved, to the change of their realities, considering their reflection. It offers to the researcher a new reference in urban, social and environmental study of the landscape, created according to the information which emerges from everyday life, and intense contact with the field. These studies have proposed as the implantation of cells at the Center for Advanced Studies in Landscape (NEP) in the study areas. It is understood that the implantation of these cells allows that people can check the possibilities and consequences of the proposed collaborative knowledge production in which people are researchers and research partners of reality, producing and sharing knowledge, organizing actions, and disseminating this knowledge through the media social.

In recent years, the service industry has been made aware of the advantages of risk sharing and inter-firm collaborations. In the current turbulent business environment, a large proportion of Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SME) firms rely on collaboration and partnering with other businesses. The value of such collaboration is highly enhanced by pooling resources to help exploit complementarities between the collaborating businesses and significantly increasing performance and management. Many studies have been conducted on the determinants of collaboration success or failures. However, authors have suggested further research to provide a framework to cover the factors responsible for enhanced value within collaborative working. In particular, the susceptibility of SMEs to successfully collaborate is significantly less than that of large organisations. Hence this was the focus of the current study. The research was focused on establishing the value enhancement of collaborative working within ServQ's, the sponsoring organisation's, collaborative environment. The main aim of this research project is 'To investigate the potential of Value-Enhanced Collaborative Working (VECW) in an SME management advisory firm'. The aim was achieved with the help of the development of a VECW framework based on the issues faced by ServQ's collaborative environment. To achieve this aim, an inductive research approach was adopted; this was facilitated by literature reviews and research methods such as semi-structured interviews, focus groups and scenario planning. This was to ensure that the project was an applied research based on the sound foundations of available theories on collaborative working. The research was initiated with a preliminary case study of the sponsoring organisation to better understand it. This period of initial investigation entailed learning more about the organisation's management and working culture. Parallel to the initial case study, a literature review helped establish a definition of Value Enhanced Collaborative Working (VECW) as well as a conceptual VECW framework. Three key factors were identified in the conceptual VECW framework; these were considered as three separate but equally important branches that together will create a sustainable longterm collaborative working environment. The first factor identified was the People factor; the main output from this was the development of a Collaboration Charter. The Process factor developed a business process model for ServQ while the Tools factor was established through scenario planning. The output of this research was a development of a VECW framework. The research work progressed chronologically by first developing a conceptual VECW framework followed by the development of each of the People, Process and Tool factors in further detail with the help of mechanisms such as Collaboration Charter and business process models. Eventually the framework recommended how all these three factors together enhance the value of collaboration in ServQ. These outputs established the mechanisms to balance all the three factors within ServQ resulting in development of a sustainable collaboration environment. The research has contributed to knowledge by providing a VECW framework in an industrial setting that can be replicated in similar organisations with required changes. In addition, it complements the wide array of literature pertaining to Collaborative Working, SMEs, services organisations and Value.

abstract: This project details specific placement and usage of the Clara motive in Robert Schumann’s Dichterliebe. The analysis categorizes the motive according to its different shapes and relationships to the poetry in Dichterliebe. Four main permutations of the motive are discussed in great detail: the original motive, inverted motive, retrograde motive, and retrograde inverted motive. Schumann (1810–1856) composed more than 160 vocal works in 1840, commonly referred to as his Liederjahr. At the time, Schumann and Clara Wieck (1819–1896) were planning to marry, despite the objections of her father Friedrich Wieck (1785–1873). Robert was inspired to write Dichterliebe because of the happiness-and anxiety-surrounding his love for Clara, and the difficulties leading to their impending marriage. Schumann used the Clara motive (C-Bb-A-G#-A), which incorporates the letters of her name, throughout the song cycle in special moments as a tool of musical expression that alludes to his future wife. Eric Sams (1926–2004), a specialist of German Lieder, has made significant contributions to the research of the Clara motive in Schumann’s music (through his book The Songs of Robert Schumann). However, research into specific locations and transformations of the Clara motive within the Dichterliebe are still insufficient. A further awareness of the Clara motive’s inner working is intended to help performers interpret this song cycle. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Music 2019

El crecimiento estimado para el mercado mundial de espacios de coworking será de 17% para el año 2020, respecto del año anterior (Desmag, 2018), lo cual muestra el dinamismo de esta nueva forma de trabajar a nivel mundial. En el 2013 se registró la primera empresa de coworking en el Perú denominada Comunal, luego ingresaron al mercado otras marcas internacionales y locales. El punto en común entre todas las opciones actuales es que sus modelos de negocios están enfocados en generar comodidad, modernidad y ahorro a sus arrendatarios.  El presente Plan de Negocios tiene como objetivo desarrollar una nueva propuesta de espacios compartidos, denominada Prime Coworking. Este espacio generará ahorro a emprendedores, pequeñas y medianas empresas, siguiendo las tendencias locales e internacionales. Esto se logrará ofreciendo ambientes cómodos, modernos e implementados para la actividad empresarial, y sobre todo que contribuyan a incentivar la retención de sus trabajadores mediante capacitaciones en habilidades blandas. Por último, con la evaluación del proyecto se concluye que el negocio es viable, dado que para una inversión total de 1 007 160 soles se genera un valor actual neto de 338 mil soles. La inversión será financiada con un aporte de los socios de 705 010 soles que generará un valor para el accionista de 311 000 soles, para un periodo de valoración de 5 años y con un payback de 3.6 años. / Coworking spaces global market growth is estimated to be 17% YoY by 2020, (Desmag, 2018), which shows the increasing demand for this new way of working worldwide. In 2013, the first coworking company in Peru called Comunal was registered, then other international and local brands entered the local market. The common point among all market competitors is that their business models are focused on generating comfort, a trendy style and operating savings to their tenants. This Business Plan aims to develop a new proposal for shared spaces, called Prime Coworking, that follows local and international trends and generates savings to entrepreneurs, small and medium enterprises. It does this by offering comfortable, modern and fully implemented environments for doing business and especially by encouraging the engagement of their employees through training in soft skills. Lastly, after our project evaluation it is concluded that the business is profitable, given a total investment of 1 007 160 soles, and an NPV of 338 thousand soles. This investment will be financed with equity of 705 010 soles in shares that will generate a shareholder value of 311 000 soles, for a period of 5 years with a payback of 3.6 years. / Trabajo de investigación

Interprofessional collaboration and collaborative patient and family-centered practice is increasingly advocated as a means of improving patient outcomes and the cost effectiveness of health care. The Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative and Registered Nurses Association of Ontario identified best practices and competencies required for interprofessional collaboration and collaborative practice. Despite the widespread dissemination of these competencies and best practice guidelines to health professional schools, there remains a gap in nursing practice regarding nursing knowledge about the core competencies required for interprofessional collaboration. The purpose of this project was the planning of an education program for nurses on interprofessional collaboration and collaborative care. At the project facility, the interprofessional practice team planned an education program for nursing staff to promote interprofessional collaborative practices and thereby improve patient and population health outcomes. The education project was guided by a model of instructional design used previously by the interprofessional practice department. The education program included a handout and a PowerPoint presentation describing the contents of the handout and clinical application of the competencies in nursing practice. The PowerPoint will be retained by the organization to present to nursing staff employed at the organization. Process evaluation included a team member questionnaire assessing leadership, participant involvement and meeting facilitation. Members of the interprofessional practice team agreed on the success of the process and involvement in the overall project. Increasing nursing knowledge about interprofessional collaboration and collaborative practices would represent positive social change to improve nursing practices and as a result, health outcomes for patients and their families.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Up till now, architects collaborating with other colleagues did so mostly face-to-face (FTF). They had to be in the same space (co-located) at the same time. Communi-cation was ‘spontaneous’ and ideas were represented, whether verbal or non-verbal, by talking and using ‘traditional drawing tools’. If they were geographically displaced, the interaction was then space affected as well as the probability of being time affected. In this case communication was usually mediated through the tele-phone, and graphically represented ideas were sent by Fax or posted documents. Recently, some architectural firms started using modems and Internet connections to exchange information, by transferring CAD drawings as well as design informa-tion, through e-mail and file transfer protocol (FTP). Discussing ideas in architecture, as a more abstract notion, is different from discuss-ing other more concrete arguments using video conferencing. It is more important to ‘see’ what is being discussed at hand than ‘watch’ the other person(s) involved in the discussion. In other words the data being conveyed might be of more impor-tance than the mode of communication. Taking into consideration recent developments in computer and communication technologies this thesis investigates different communication channels utilised in architectural collaboration through Computer Mediated Collaborative Design (CMCD) sessions as opposed to FTF sessions. This thesis investigates the possi-ble effects these different channels have on collaborative design in general and col-laborative design communication in particular. We argue that successful CMCD does not necessarily mean emulating close prox-imity environments. Excluding certain communication channels in a CMCD envi-ronment might affect the flow and quantity of synchronous collaborative communica-tion, but not necessarily the quality and content of mutually communicated and rep-resented design ideas. Therefore different communication channels might affect the type of communication and not necessarily the content of the communication. We propose that audio and video are not essential communication channels in CMCD environments. We posit that architects will collaborate and communicate design representations effectively although with some differences, since those two chan-nels might cause interruptions and successful collaborative sessions can take place without them. For this purpose we conducted twenty-four one-hour experiments involving final year architecture students all working to the same design brief. The experiments were divided into three categories, FTF, full computer mediated collaborative design sessions (CMCD-a; audio-video conferencing plus whiteboard as a shared drawing space) and limited computer mediated collaborative design sessions (CMCD-b; with Lambda MOO used as a chat medium plus whiteboard as a shared drawing space). The experiments were video and audio taped, transcribed and coded into a custom developed coding scheme. The results of the analysed coded data and observations of the videotapes provided evidence that there were noticeable differences between the three categories. There was more design communication and less communication control in the CMCD-b category compared to the FTF and CMCD-a categories. Verbal communi-cation became shorter and straight to the point in CMCD-b as opposed to spontane-ous non-stop chat in the other two categories. Moreover in CMCD-b the subjects were observed to be more reflective as well as choosing and re-examining their words to explain ideas to their partners. At times they were seen scrolling back through the text of the conversation in order to re-analyse or interpret the design ideas at hand. This was impossible in FTF and CMCD-a sessions, since the sub-jects were more spontaneous and audio representations were lost as soon as they were uttered. Also the video channel in the CMCD-a category was ignored and hardly used except for the first few minutes of the experiments, for a brief exchange of light humour on the appearance of each subject. The results obtained from analysing the experiments helped us conclude that differ-ent communication channels produce different collaborative environments. The three categories of communication for architectural collaboration explored in our ex-periments are indicative of the alternatives available to architects now. What is not clear to architects is why they would choose one category over another. We pro-pose that each category has its own strengths and difficulties for architectural col-laboration, and therefore should be selected on the basis of the type of communica-tion considered to be most effective for the stage and tasks of the design project.

Le secteur langagier vit actuellement un changement de paradigme. De nouvelles pratiques collaboratives facilitent les échanges entre des gens de partout dans le monde. Bien que certaines de ces pratiques, par exemple la traduction collaborative, ont suscité l'intérêt de nombreux chercheurs, d'autres, comme la terminographie collaborative, sont peu connues. Quel est le spectre de la terminographie collaborative? En quoi la terminographie collaborative se distingue-t-elle de la terminographie classique? Quelles sont leurs forces et leurs faiblesses respectives? La présente thèse définit la terminographie collaborative, identifie ses caractéristiques et ses divers modes et formes et présente ses outils afin de permettre une compréhension approfondie du phénomène. Nous comparons la terminographie classique et la terminographie collaborative au moyen d'une étude de cas d'un modèle classique (TERMIUM Plus) et d’un modèle collaboratif (TermWiki) afin de relever les ressemblances et les différences entre elles. Puis nous illustrons leurs forces et leurs faiblesses respectives. Nous concluons que la terminographie classique et la terminographie collaborative diffèrent principalement au niveau des participants, du style d'interaction et de l'infrastructure. The language industry is experiencing a paradigm shift. New collaborative practices facilitate exchanges between people from all around the world. Although some of these practices, such as collaborative translation, have attracted the interest of many researchers, others, such as collaborative terminography, are little known. What is the spectrum of collaborative terminography? How do collaborative terminography and traditional terminography differ? What are their respective strengths and weaknesses? This thesis defines collaborative terminography, identifies its characteristics and its various modes and forms, and presents collaborative tools to enable a thorough understanding of the phenomenon. We compare traditional and collaborative terminography through a case study of a traditional model (TERMIUM Plus) and a collaborative model (TermWiki) to identify similarities and differences between them. We then list their respective strengths and weaknesses. We conclude that traditional terminography and collaborative terminography differ mainly in terms of participants, interaction styles and infrastructure.

The current problem-solving paradigm for software developers revolves around using a search engine to find knowledge about the problem and its solutions. This approach provides the developer with search results that are only restricted by the context of the keywords they used to search. Problem-Resolution Dissemination (PRD) is a system and method for collecting, filtering, storing and distributing knowledge that users discover and access when solving a problem. The method involves an agent running on a user's (Alice’s) browsing client which is enabled when Alice is solving a problem. After Alice indicates that she has solved the problem, the agent will collect all web pages visited when solving the problem and filter out the pages that are not relevant. Pointers to the remaining pages (URIs) are tagged with Alice’s identity and stored in the central repository. When another user (Bob) attempts to solve the same problem, the above repository is queried based on Bob's social context. This social context is defined by Bob as a group of other users who have one of three trust levels: team, peer or community. The results are displayed by ranking them within each of the above contexts. In the event that no results are relevant to the Bob, he has the option of following traditional problem solving approaches. When Bob has solved his problem, the web pages he visited are added to the repository and made available to future users. In this manner, PRD incorporates relationships and previous experiences to improve the relevancy of results and thus efficiency in problem solving.