This experiment investigated how different percentages of incentive pay affected performance on a number-entering task. It was hypothesized that the critical factor in incentive pay systems was the absolute amount of money that could be earned in an incentive pay paradigm. A counterbalanced single-subject reversal design was employed to examine effects of incentives on performance. Twelve subjects were used in the experiment with three subjects assigned to one of four experimental paradigms. Two of the experimental paradigms incorporated 10% and 100% incentive pay conditions, while the other two experimental paradigms incorporated absolute pay conditions equal to the 10% and 100% incentive pay conditions. Results indicated that similar trends in productivity occurred across subjects in all four experimental paradigms.

M Phil / Since the establishment of the Internet, innovative technologies have evolved rapidly and 'social networking' technologies specifically have gained value from the recent surge in popularity and increased use of these networked technologies. The exposure and growth that social networking technologies have experienced in recent history has created a phenomenal following by individuals from diverse walks of life. However, the negative press that currently surrounds online social networks is ardent and in some cases valid, overshadowing the opportunities that Online Social Networking may present to organisations. The focus of this study fell on the possible effect of employee participation in Online Social Networking on productivity. In current workplaces that rely on intellectual capital to be successful in business, employees are a key source of knowledge and mainly responsible for intellectual capital growth. It was therefore argued in this study that organisations should critically investigate the relevance of collaborative technology such as online social networking in order to support employees in the processes required for knowledge creation. This study provided an overview of the literature review findings as well as the relevant empirical research findings with regard to what Online Social Networking entails; what the possible consequences could be if employees were allowed access to online social networks without restriction; and how online social networks could contribute to the productivity of an organisation. This study aimed to serve as a foundation on which the University of Johannesburg could build a strategy that aspired to incorporate online social networking within this institution, in order to promote a knowledge sharing culture.

Presenteeism is defined as the loss in productivity when workers are on the job, but not performing to their best because of health-related issues. As with absenteeism, presenteeism is considered negative as it results in low levels of productivity and can, in the long term, have high cost implications. The research problem in this study was to identify strategies for reducing health-related presenteeism at primary health care clinics in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality. To achieve this goal, the following actions were taken: A literature study was conducted to identify the extent of health related presenteeism at primary health care clinics as well as the management thereof. Strategies that could be utilised to prevent and reduce health-related presenteeism, ensuring that there is an ongoing service delivery in the workplace, were identified. The literature study revealed, amongst others, that those who suffer from emotional and physical stress have difficulty in performing well on the job. By law, employers have responsibilities to provide a safe environment. Hence, companies have to conduct an audit re-examining the health and safety document of the company. In addition, employers must ensure compliance within the current and developing legislative context. A balance between professional and personal demands of every employee should be promoted. In so doing, employees are able to trust their managers to share whatever problem is encountered. A commitment from the company and good management of presenteeism will result in a positive effect on productivity and customer service quality. A questionnaire was developed and administered to primary health care clinic personnel in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality. The results from this empirical study revealed that sick or tired employees are less able to work at optimum levels. These employees have the potential to aggravate their illness, resulting in prolonged absence, or infecting their colleagues. In the study, chronic diseases were perceived as prevalent among employees at the health care clinics. It did not appear as if the management of stress received much attention or that an audit has been done to determine the state of health of employees. It is therefore necessary to educate employees about the importance of their wellbeing. Welldesigned jobs and good management can assist in minimising organisational stressors. Employers need to be convinced that investing in the health of their employees is in their best interest from a business perspective. In today’s competitive business world, companies look at maximising both profit and productivity. Hence, employee health plays a fundamental role in the success of companies. In the health care environment, the wellness of nurses will lead to more productive behaviour and better service delivery.

Shiftwork is common in the private sector but not exclusive from the public sector like nursing. In order to secure a continuous operation, and optimization of equipment, businesses introduced shiftwork. The author wanted to test certain hypotheses to better understand the impact of shiftwork. In this research the author first embarked on a theoretical study into shiftwork and its associated problems, which include the impact on productivity, the impact on the employer’s attitude towards the work, the impact on the family life, the impact on social life, the impact on physical health and the psychological effects. Thereafter, an empirical study was conducted to ascertain to what extend shiftwork affects productivity and the life of the employees. The data was then analysed to explain the impact of shiftwork and productivity. Lastly, recommendations were made based on the research.

Manufacturing in South Africa constantly face competition from both local as well as foreign entities. Productivity growth is viewed by many executives and business leaders as the key element in maintaining competitiveness in the global economy. The success of the South African manufacturing and its global competitiveness lie in its productivity. By focusing on promoting productivity, South African manufacturers will establish a source of sustained competitive gains, while labour will establish a sustainable source of income growth. The Eberspacher South Africa Port Elizabeth (ESA) is not in any way immune to the level of competition that impacts all businesses in South Africa. ESA not only competeswith other local catalytic converter companies in terms of a high level of productivity, but also with other manufacturing plants within the Eberspacher Group globally. In Eberspacher all exhaust manufacturing plants are constantly benchmarked, comparing productivity levels, quality levels, cost and delivery. This data is used not only to determine goals, but also forms a key determinant as to where any new business is placed. The internal competition encourages all manufacturing plants within Eberspacher to continously improve plant productivity within group. A company is competitive if it is able to produce products that are either cheaper or better than those of other firms. Most of ESA customers are internal final assembly plants from Europe, USA, India and China. ESA therefore constantly have to ensure that they are competitive in all aspects of business, including productivity. In ESA, the overall productivity performance of the manufacturing plant is of utmost importance to ensure the ability to supply all the customers with cost competitive products, at the right time and with zero defects. Productivity in Eberspacher is used as a vital measurement to the sourcing decision for any new business awarded to the group. The main purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of productivity improvement initiatives at the Eberspacher Port Elizabeth Manufacturing Plant.

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito determinar si el liderazgo transformacional genera relación sobre la productividad de los trabajadores en las empresas de servicio de auditoría en Lima Metropolitana, al 2019. El diseño de la investigación es no experimental de tipo transversal y de alcance correlacional simple. De igual manera, la metodología para la recolección de datos es de enfoque cuantitativo. Para medir la apreciación de los trabajadores con respecto a las dos variables a estudiar y sus respectivas dimensiones, se elaboró una encuesta tipo Likert. La confiabilidad de dicho instrumento fue determinada a través del Coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach (0. 972) y su validación fue otorgada a través del juicio de expertos. De una población total de 2, 912 trabajadores, se determinó a través de la técnica de muestro aleatorio simple una muestra correspondiente a 340 trabajadores. De acuerdo al Coeficiente de Correlación de Spearman (p = 0.765) y al Coeficiente de Determinacion (R2 = 0.533), se infiere que, en Lima Metropolitana, los trabajadores de las empresas de servicio de auditoría, perciben que el liderazgo transformacional ejerce una relación muy fuerte sobre la productividad laboral. / This research aims to determine if transformational leadership has a relationship on audit firms employees productivity in Metropolitan Lima at 2019. The research design is non-experimental, transversal type and simple correlational scope. Likewise, a quantitative approach was used for data gathering. To measure the audit firms employee perception of the two variables and their dimensions, a Likert survey was developed. The reliability of this instrument was determined by the Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient (0.972) and its validation was granted by expert judgment. From a population of 2,912 employees, 340 were taken as a sample by simple random sampling technique. According to the Spearman's Correlation Coefficient (ρ = 0.765) and the Coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.533), it is inferred that, in Metropolitan Lima, employees working on audit firms, perceive that transformational leadership has a very strong relationship on productivity. / Tesis

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