Background and Problem: Consumer behavior has become a topic of great interest in today’s society. Considering todays competitive markets it is imperative that companies understand the needs and actions of their customers. There are many influences behind consumers’ decisions of choosing one brand over another. This thesis investigates Swedish consumers and why some private label products succeed, while others fail within different product categories. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the nature of the good influences Swedish consumers in their decision between private label and national brand goods. Frame of reference: Three theories are applied in order to understand consumer choices: brand loyalty, perceived risk factor and social risk factor. Method: Both a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews have been carried out and applied to the three theories. Coding of interviews was used to understand how the level of influence varies amongst different product types. In order to respond to the research questions, these findings were compared to sales statistics received from Swedish supermarkets. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the three influences affect consumer choices differently,depending on the type of good. Private label brands succeed in low loyalty, low social risk, and low perceived risk goods, while national brands take the lead in high brand loyalty, high social pressure and high associated risk good categories.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 75 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-53).

Abstract Title: Visual merchandising of organic versus non-organic products in supermarkets Authors: Alma Bolmstedt Svanqvist & Malin Carlén Supervisor: Mikael Hilmersson Examiner: Thomas Helgesson Level: Bachelor thesis - Marketing Keywords: Visual merchandising, Supermarkets, Groceries, Organic food. Research question: ”How and why do supermarkets distinguish and implement the presentation and visual merchandising of organic food from non-organic food?” Purpose: The purpose of this research is to provide new theoretical contribution of how the major food chains are working with visual merchandising and specifically how they differentiate organic products from non-organic products. This is to increase understanding of the specific topic for future research as well as for established and new companies that enter the organic food market. Methodology: This study is based on a combining research approach, which includes both a deductive and an inductive approach to answer the developed research question.Frame of references: Previously research regarding theories of consumer behaviour, Visual merchandising, Sensory marketing and visual elements and visual merchandising techniques are presented. Empirical findings: Primary data was collected and presented from three Swedish supermarkets. Analysis: The analysis compares the collected empirical data with the theoretical framework. Conclusion: The findings shows that the supermarkets studied in some areas distinguish between organic and non-organic products when planning the product presentation. However, the empirical result does confirm that those supermarkets do invest in organic products and that they are trying to increase the sales. A conclusion can also be made that much effort are invested in the planning process of visual merchandising.

Over the decades the concept of green consumption has been discussed with sustainable consumption, green behavior, eco-citizenship and sustainable patterns and lifestyles. Various environmental problems like global warming, pollution, shortage of natural resources and climate change threatened the sustainability of the environment and our survival. There is an increasing demand from scholars and society for the change of human behavior to help reduce the environmental impact. This study aims to investigate how supermarket influences the daily consumption in a sustainable way through the concept of green marketing in terms of green product management, green packaging, green promotion, green pricing, green logistics and green labeling. That means, a supermarket is not only a place to provide green products but also influence the culture of green consumption through the efforts of designing environmentally friendly facilities and strategies. In real life practice, there are constraints and challenges to encourage green consumption in the community. Through literature review, interview and surveys, the study investigates the kinds of products and facilities which have been used in Hong Kong supermarkets and consumers’ perception and knowledge of environmentally friendly products and services. Through exploration of overseas case studies, insights on common sustainable practices were identified and how overseas’ best practices can be adopted or modified in Hong Kong were discussed. The surveys with Wellcome/Three Sixty/MarketPlace by Jasons and the general public illustrate how supermarket can promote sustainable and green consumption in Hong Kong and the progress of achievement. The study ends with suggestions on how joint-efforts from the various stakeholders in the society can facilitate green consumption. These include public participation, green initiatives of supermarkets, price incentive, promotion and government’s support to encourage pro-environmental behavior. / published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-85). Also available via the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-07-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:33:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 toledo_lgc_me_bauru.pdf: 840804 bytes, checksum: ed3803cc35b765963043a002835a0f91 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O ambiente cada vez mais competitivo que as empresas enfrentam força a busca da redução dos custos, sem interferir na qualidade de seus processos e produtos, como forma de sobreviver. Neste contexto, a otimização do uso dos materiais e estoques é uma oportunidade para estas empresas conquistar este objetivo, especialmente em empresas que atuam no segmento varejista, pelo fato dos custos dos estoques ligados a esse segmento de negócio, representar em torno de 80% dos custos totais. A gestão de estoques tem como objetivo manter o investimento mínimo em estoques sem que isto acarrete riscos de faltas, sendo suficientes para manter o equilíbrio entre a disponibilidade e o consumo. Esta pesquisa tem como proposta avaliar os modelos clássicos de estoque, de revisão contínua e revisão periódica, aplicados no varejo supermercadista, por meio de um estudo de caso (único) em uma empresa do setor, analisando sua política e gestão de estoques por meio de modelagem em planilha eletrônica para comparar os dados reais de estoques de produtos de alto giro com os parâmetros dos modelos clássicos. O modelo considera os principais custos e variáveis que afetam a operação com estoques no ambiente supermercadista. Os resultados foram medidos por meio de indicadores, tais como giro de estoque, cobertura de estoque, nível de serviço e retorno sobre o investimento. Com o modelo foi possível observar oportunidades de melhoria na gestão dos estoques com o auxílio da modelagem, apoiando os responsáveis pelos estoques e compras na tomada de decisão que obtenha o menor custo e que atenda aos requisitos de serviço para a operação / The increasingly competitive environment faced by companies force to seek the reduction os costs, without interfering with the quality of its processes and products as a way to survive. In this context, optimizing the use of materials and supplies is an opportunity for these companies to achieve this goal, especially in companies that operate in the retail segment, because the cost of stocks to that business segment represented approximately 80% of costs totals. The inventory management aims to maintain the minimum investment in inventory without thereby incurring the risk of faults, wihich are sufficient to maintain the balance between availability and consumption. This research is proposed to evaluate the classical models of inventory, continuous review and periodic review, applied to the retail market, through a single cape study in a company in the sector, reviewing its policy and inventory management throught modeling in a spreadsheet to compare the actual data of stocks of products with high spin parameters of the classic models. The model considers the major costs and variables that affect operation with stores in the supermarket environment. Results are measured through indicators such as turnover, coverage, service level and return on investment. With the model was observed for improvement in inventory management with the aid of modeling which can assist those responsible for inventory purchases and in making the decision to obtain the lowest cost that meets the service requirements for the operation

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o consumo de marcas próprias em supermercados, com enfoque nas escolhas do consumidor entre a marca própria e a marca líder . Pretende-se captar a percepção dos consumidores relativamente a preços e qualidade dos produtos fornecidos com a marca dos varejistas. Analisar com qual freqüência os produtos são consumidos, investigar qual o diferencial de preço que o consumidor está disposto a pagar pela marca própria em relação à marca líder, através do método de pesquisa de Grupos de Foco (Focus Group). A decisão de estudar a escolha de marcas próprias pelos consumidores em supermercados deve-se à necessidade de se conhecer esta modalidade específica de consumo, identificando a percepção, o comportamento e o processo de decisão do público supermercadista de modo a trazer contribuições teóricas para Administração de Varejo a partir da pesquisa. / ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to investigate the consumption of private label products in supermarkets, focusing on the consumers\' choices between private label and leading brand products. It is intended to catch the perception of the consumers relatively to the prices and product quality associated to the retailers\' brands. The Focus Group research method is used in order to analyze with which frequency the products are consumed and to investigate which is the price gap that the consumers are willing to pay for private label in relation the leading brands. The decision to study the choice of private label by supermarket consumers is due to the need of knowing, through this research, this specific type of consumption, identifying the perception, the behavior and the decision process of the supermarket clientele in order to bring theoretical contributions to Retail Management body of knowledge.

M.Comm. / Gegewe die agtergrond en die probleemstelling kan die studie soos volg geformuleer word: Die primere doelwit van die studie is om die gaping tussen die persepsie van supermarkbestuurders oor die diens wat gelewer word in hulle ondernemings en die persepsie van hul klante oor die diens wat werklik gelewer is, te ondersoek. Daarbenewens sou die studie ook bepaalde sekondere doelwitte he: 1.3.1. Om die belangrikheid van bestuursdeelname by die lewering van kwaliteit diens aan te dui. 1.3.2. Om aan te dui hoe belangrik goeie klantediens vir die algehele beeld en bemarking van die ondememing is. 1.3.3. Om vas te stel of bestuur die behoeftes van die klant in ag neem by die daarstel van 'n klantediensbeleid. 1.3.4. Om te bepaal of bestuur werklik bewus is van water kwaliteit klantediens in sy ondememing gelewer word. 1.3.5 Om te bepaal wat die verwagtinge is wat die klant koester met betrekking tot klantediens.

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