Orientador: Marina Célia Mendonça / Banca: Ana Lúcia Furquim Campos Toscano / Banca: Assunção Aparecida Laia Cristóvão / Resumo: Fundamentado na perspectiva teórica do Círculo de Mikhail Bakhtin e através da análise de projetos editoriais e publicidades audiovisuais do jornal Folha de S. Paulo, o presente trabalho visou a ampliar a discussão em relação à noção de dialogismo entre gêneros diferentes e de esferas de atividade diferentes. O interesse principal desta pesquisa foi analisar, por meio do viés dialógico, como os valores, principalmente os relacionados à comunicação e à informação, são retratados em gêneros distintos. Com o intuito de alcançar o objetivo proposto, nós depreendemos, dos enunciados das publicidades que contemplam o córpus da dissertação, marcas, ideias e valores sobre a informação, e depois cotejamos esses aspectos com os aspectos encontrados nos enunciados dos projetos editoriais. Procuramos entender de que maneira se constrói a informação nesses discursos, observar aquilo que é considerado na constituição do saber discursivo. Por ser sempre ideológico, coexistem, nos signos, inúmeras contradições ideológico-sociais e ecoam diversas vozes. Portanto, cada palavra possui um grande emaranhado de significados distintos, complementares e, muitas vezes, totalmente antagônicos. Partindo da ideia defendida por Bakhtin de que as palavras são um signo linguístico e ideológico, estabelecemos duas categorias de análise para chegarmos ao resultado final da pesquisa, são elas: a imagem da Folha de S. Paulo e a vozes sociais que se manifestam nos discursos do córpus da dissertação. Embasados nesses resultados, olhamos para a informação no âmbito dos enunciados concretos e atentamos para a plurivalência social dos signos / Abstract: Based on the theoretical perspective of Mikhail Bakhtin's Circle and through analysis of audiovisual advertising and editorial projects of the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo, the present work aimed to broaden the discussion regarding the notion of dialogism between different genres and different spheres of activity. The main interest of this research was to examine, through the dialogical bias, how the values, especially those related to communication and information, are portrayed in different genres. In order to achieve the proposed goal, we inferred, from the advertising's statements, that include the corpus of the dissertation, marks, ideas and values about the information, and then we compared these aspects with aspects founded in the statements of editorial projects. We seek to understand how information is constructed in these discourses, to observe what is considered in the discursive constitution of knowledge. For being always ideological, coexist, in signs, numerous social-ideological contradictions and echo diverse voices. Therefore, each word has a big tangle of distinct meanings, complementary and often totally antagonistic. Starting from the idea advocated by Bakhtin that the words are a linguistic and ideological sign, two categories of analysis are established to arrive at the final result of the research, they are: the image of the Folha de S. Paulo and the social voices that appear in the speeches of the dissertation corpus. Based upon these results, we look at the information listed under the concrete statements and we pay attention for the social polyvalence of the signs / Mestre

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Orientador(a): Luciane de Paula / Banca: Ekaterina Volkova Americo / Banca: Dantielli Assumpção Garcia / Resumo: Esta pesquisa desenvolve estudo da questão dos valores ideológicos e como estes influenciam na construção estética e no estilo constituintes dos discursos que se manifestam por meio de diferentes gêneros. Para tanto, analisa-se o discurso romanesco Anna Kariênina (1873-1877), de Liev Tolstói, e o da obra fílmica Anna Karenina, de 2012, a partir da teoria da filosofia da linguagem do Círculo de Bakhtin. O que norteia a reflexão deste estudo é a temática do adultério, uma vez que ele está presente nos dois textos que compõem o corpus da pesquisa. Esses enunciados ao tratarem dessa temática, cada qual com sua forma e seu estilo, em sua arquitetônica, refletem e refratam relações sociais no grande tempo da história humana. A relevância deste estudo se justifica por tentar proporcionar um estudo reflexivo acerca da dialogicidade da linguagem (colocada de maneira interdiscursiva/intertextual), o que pode contribuir com os estudos contemporâneos do discurso e dos gêneros do discurso, especialmente ao se considerar a caracterização verbivocovisual, particularmente, do gênero fílmico / Abstract: This research develops the study the issue of ideological values and how these influence the aesthetic construction and style constituents of discourses that manifest themselves through different genres. For this purpose, it is analyzed the novelistic discourse of Anna Karenina (1873-1877), by Leo Tolstoy, as the film Anna Karenina, work of 2012, according to the theory the philosophy of language of the Bakhtin's Circle. What guides the reflection of this study is the theme of adultery, once they are present in both texts that make up the corpus of the research and these utterances, when treat about this theme, each one with its form and style in its architectonic reflect and refract social relations in the big time in human history. The relevance of this study is justified by trying to provide a reflective study of the dialogical language (placed of interdiscursive/intertextual way), which may contribute to contemporary studies of the discourse and the speech genres, especially when considering the verbvocalvisual characterization, particularly, of the filmic gender / Mestre

In order to understand the influences that instructors and course materials have on student argumentation and conceptual understanding of thermodynamics I analyzed three cases studies of two instructors’ implementation of the Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL) thermodynamic materials. The POGIL approach is designed to help students learn chemistry while encouraging the development of process skills such as communication and critical thinking. These materials are designed in accordance with the theory of constructivism and include learning cycles to help students’ work together to construct an understanding of chemistry content. However, the facilitation of the materials can vary by instructor and impact student learning. Two aspects of student learning that I was interested in was argumentation and coordination between the macroscopic, symbolic, and sub-microscopic levels of chemistry. I was interested in argumentation because this is a common form of communication in science and students need to learn how to support their claims using reliable evidence. Furthermore, chemistry can be viewed in terms the macroscopic, symbolic, and sub-microscopic levels, but in order to develop a complete understanding of a concept, one needs to understand the concept at all three levels. Therefore it is important for students to be able to use all three levels of reasoning and make connections between levels. Using discourse analysis I was able to examine how students’ reasoned through and developed an understanding of thermodynamics. By analyzing the student-instructor interactions and course materials I was able determine how these two aspects of a POGIL learning environment influenced students’ use of scientific argumentation and coordination of macroscopic symbolic, and sub-microscopic level reasoning. Data was collected by recording and transcribing student-instructor interactions and conversations from all three cases studies. Analysis involved the coding of classroom transcripts to identify arguments and the instructor’s discursive moves. This revealed how the students constructed arguments and how the instructor was able to encourage student argumentation. Next the arguments, instructor discourse, and course materials were analyzed in terms of macroscopic, symbolic, and sub-microscopic level reasoning. This enabled me to better understand how students’ used information they were presented with by the instructor and materials in their arguments. Lastly, the POGIL materials were analyzed to see how the design of the materials and the nature of the question prompts impacted student argumentation. It was found that both the instructor and the course materials impact students’ use of macroscopic, symbolic, and sub-microscopic level reasoning in their arguments. Instructors could use questioning moves to help scaffold student argumentation and encourage students to build connections between the macroscopic, symbolic, and sub-microscopic level. In addition, the materials emphasized symbolic level reasoning and many questions do not encourage students to explain their reasoning behind their answers.

Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) / There is increasing awareness among linguists that discourse analysis inevitably involves analyses of meanings arising from the combination of multiple modes of communication. The evolving multimodal pedagogic environment for teaching English as a foreign language (henceforth EFL), among other communicative contexts, calls for a social, semiotic, and linguistic explanation. Situated within the theoretical landscape of social semiotics and in the pedagogic context of EFL education, the present study aims to elucidate how linguistic and visual semiotic resources are co-deployed to construe interpersonal meaning in multimodal textbooks. The data drawn upon are eighteen EFL textbooks for primary and secondary schooling, published by People’s Education Press between 2002 and 2006. The research design consists of three complementary sub-studies. First, it investigates the ways in which the semantic regions of ENGAGEMENT and GRADUATION can be modelled in multimodal texts, with special reference to the interplay of voices in textbook discourse. The second sub-study analyzes how verbal and visual semiotic resources are co-deployed to construe the ‘emotion and attitude’ goal highlighted in curriculum standards, with a particular focus on verbiage-image relations. Third, it extends the linguistic concept ‘modality’ to multimodal discourse, exploring coding orientation in texts for different educational contexts and between different constituent genres. The main findings of this thesis are as follows: (1) A range of multimodal resources (i.e. labelling, dialogue balloon, jointly-constructed text, illustration and highlighting) are identified as enabling editor voice to negotiate meanings with reader voice and character voice. It is found that the way in which an ENGAGEMENT value can be scaled is strongly associated with the intrinsic property of the given multimodal resource. The interaction between multiple voices is closely related to contact, social distance, and point of view. (2) It is shown that images play an essential role in realizing attitudinal meanings. Together with verbal APPRAISAL resources, visual semiotic features work to position the readers in ways that align them to set pedagogic goals, guiding them in completing jointly-constructed texts. Moreover, an attitudinal shift from an emotional release to a more institutionalized type of evaluation can be identified as students advance through the school years. (3) It is argued that what counts as real in multimodal texts is socially defined and specific to a given communicative context. The nature of pedagogic discourse should be taken into account when visual displays are produced for pedagogic materials. The implications of this study include both theoretical and pedagogic aspects。Theoretically it adapts and extends APPRAISAL analysis to multimodal discourse, exploring the intersemiotic complementarity and co-instantiation in construing global evaluative stance. This semiotic exploration, in return, suggests ways in which discourse analysis may help textbook users better understand and interpret the multimodal features. With the affordances as well as limitations of semiotic resources made explicit, we may have one step further towards a comprehensive and critical understanding of multimodal construal of interpersonal meaning in pedagogic materials.

This thesis surveys patterns of production and use of greeting cards in Australia and analyses a corpus of greeting cards, examining the organisation of semiosis by greeting cards.As a commodity consumed for the express purpose of being given away, individuals using greeting cards enact themselves through a commodified technology of the self simultaneous with a performance that enacts relations with others.Particular focus is given to the 'fun-and- love' card, within the industry category of non-occasion greeting cards. This type of card is situated within a complex of performances which are constitutive of a contemporary nexus of commodification, public-private spheres, gender, interpersonal relations and discources of intimacy.As this is an inquiry into a commodity that is a texted cultural artefact, it is informed by both cultural and textual theories. The organisation of the thesis into two parts reflects its twin concerns: the first is akin to a study of the greeting card as a commodity that is given away, paying attention to practices of production, consumption and use within personal relationships. In symmetry with that exploration, Part Two is contiguous with the 'linguistic turn' that has taken many disciplines in productive directions over the duration of the twentieth century.In doing both these kinds of 'discourse analysis' articulated to an empirico-ethnographic study of a cultural artefact that embodies emotion, the thesis seeks to contribute to dialogues that are concerned with moving forward with respect to theorising relations among sociocultural practices and language and discourse. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis describes the development of a model of the relationships between the designer and their visual outcome that is intended to assist the designers understanding and management of the viewer experience. To date the focus of design discourse has been towards theories of interpretation that offer methods to decode messages, one of the more significant being semiotics. The application of semiotic theory to the field of design has enabled a greater understanding of how meaning is produced in visual communication, it does not account for how the designer affects the type of engagement the viewer has with the material which is a significant aspect of the communication process. The aim of this research is to develop a model of the design/visual outcome relationship that will assist designer’s management of viewer experience. To develop this model, the author examined literary theory as it is a discourse that has analysed its own creative process extensively. While there are many useful parallels that can be drawn between design and literary discourses, it is the notion of distance that is the most useful for this research. Through modifying the textual devices used by an author to create these varying distances, a model that identifies four types of visual narrators was developed – Idiosyncratic, Implicit, Imperative and Esoteric. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of the design concept of distance as a method of analysis for design and proposes how the designers might adopt distance method for considering the viewer experience during the design process, as opposed to leaving it to semioticians to critique post-publication / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Design)

This thesis surveys patterns of production and use of greeting cards in Australia and analyses a corpus of greeting cards, examining the organisation of semiosis by greeting cards.As a commodity consumed for the express purpose of being given away, individuals using greeting cards enact themselves through a commodified technology of the self simultaneous with a performance that enacts relations with others.Particular focus is given to the 'fun-and- love' card, within the industry category of non-occasion greeting cards. This type of card is situated within a complex of performances which are constitutive of a contemporary nexus of commodification, public-private spheres, gender, interpersonal relations and discources of intimacy.As this is an inquiry into a commodity that is a texted cultural artefact, it is informed by both cultural and textual theories. The organisation of the thesis into two parts reflects its twin concerns: the first is akin to a study of the greeting card as a commodity that is given away, paying attention to practices of production, consumption and use within personal relationships. In symmetry with that exploration, Part Two is contiguous with the 'linguistic turn' that has taken many disciplines in productive directions over the duration of the twentieth century.In doing both these kinds of 'discourse analysis' articulated to an empirico-ethnographic study of a cultural artefact that embodies emotion, the thesis seeks to contribute to dialogues that are concerned with moving forward with respect to theorising relations among sociocultural practices and language and discourse. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) / This thesis is a contrastive genre study which explores newspaper commentaries on terrorism in Chinese and Australian newspapers. The study examines the textual patterning of the Australian and Chinese commentaries, interpersonal and intertextual features of the texts as well as considers possible contextual factors which might contribute to the formation of the newspaper commentaries in the two different languages and cultures. For the framework of its analysis, the study draws on systemic functional linguistics, English for Specific Purposes and new rhetoric genre studies, critical discourse analysis, and discussions of the role of the mass media in the two different cultures. The study reveals that Chinese writers often use explanatory rather than argumentative expositions in their newspaper commentaries. They seem to distance themselves from outside sources and seldom indicate endorsement of these sources. Australian writers, on the other hand, predominantly use argumentative expositions to argue their points of view. They integrate and manipulate outside sources in various ways to establish and provide support for the views they express. It is argued that these textual and intertextual practices are closely related to contextual factors, especially the roles of the media and opinion discourse in contemporary China and Australia. The study, by providing both a textual and contextual view of the genre under investigation in the two languages and cultures, aims to establish a framework for contrastive rhetoric research which moves beyond the text into the context of production and interpretation of the texts as a way of exploring reasons for the linguistic and rhetorical choices made in the two sets of texts.