Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2010. / Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed July 15, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-152).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Montana, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (laeves 329-339). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1973. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Sc.(Geoinformatics))--University of Pretoria, 2001. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references.

<p>This study concentrates on two questions – “Should banks take environmental concerns?”and “What is the attitude of Swedish banks towards sustainability?” The theory related to environmental concerns in the financial sector is presented and further on the empirical data</p><p>describing the situation within the Swedish banking sector is discussed. The empirical data was collected with the aid of a semi-structured interview and offers a real-life example of actions and attitudes of two case banks in Sweden – SEB and Handelsbanken. The aim of this paper is not restricted to presenting and discussing the collected theoretical and empirical data but also to involve the reader in the environmental way of thinking. This text is based on</p><p>the idea that banks are liable for the indirect impact on the environment and need to acknowledge that some borrowers involve in environmentally harmful businesses. The research method used for this study is of a qualitative nature, more precisely it is an exploratory research which aims to explain. The semi-structured interview used to study the attitudes of the chosen Swedish case banks, was composed of two types of questions – closed- and open-ended. Special characteristics of a semi-structured interview are the prompts and probes in its structure. These are the approaches to guide the respondent to reach broader coverage and greater depth in his/her answers.</p><p>Through the interview results, it became evident that the environmental issues have gained certain visibility within the Swedish banking sector. The given answers pointed towards the impression that maintaining a sound corporate image is the prior concern of a bank and</p><p>indicated that banking sector in Sweden undergoes external pressure to pursue environmentally friendly activities. It is clear that banks play a major role by financing the continuous damage to our planet, and it is comforting to know the banking sector is undergoing the pressure of becoming more involved in sustainable development. The</p><p>conclusions and the empirical evidence presented in this study are hoped to give a simplified view on environmental concerns within banking sector.</p>

Thesis (M.S.) in Resource Economics and Policy--University of Maine, 2006. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-95).

Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (June 26, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

No presente estudo foi avaliada (i) a estrutura das assembleias de peixes de igarapés de terra-firme ao longo do contínuo fluvial do rio Machado, na bacia do rio Amazonas, (ii) os efeitos de alterações ambientais sobre as assembleias de peixes de igarapés através de comparações entre áreas íntegras (em uma Unidade de conservação) e alteradas por ação antrópica na bacia hidrográfica do rio Machado, e (iii) a organização espacial das assembleias de peixes de tributários de baixa ordem na bacia do rio Machado através da avaliação dos padrões de co-ocorrência das espécies, identificando os possíveis fatores estruturadores dessas assembleias e através de uma Análise de Parcimônia de Endemismo (PAE). As amostragens foram realizadas entre os meses de agosto e setembro de 2011, junho e agosto de 2012 e julho de 2013, totalizando 81 igarapés. Os peixes foram coletados durante uma hora em um trecho de 80 metros, com o auxilio de uma rede de mão (picaré) e um puçá. Para o capítulo 1, um maior número de indivíduos e espécies foram encontradas no trecho baixo quando comparado o trecho alto da bacia. Todavia, somente foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre o trecho alto e os trechos médio e baixo. Assim, rejeitamos nossa hipótese de diferenças entre os trechos analisados, onde esperávamos que a riqueza e abundância de espécies de igarapés aumentaria no gradiente longitudinal cabeceira-foz do rio Machado. Contudo, apesar da não confirmação da hipótese, um padrão de adição e substituição de espécies foi observado do trecho alto para o médio, e um padrão de substituição de espécies foi observado do trecho médio para o baixo. Referente ao capítulo 2, apontamos que apesar da área desflorestada não apresentar diferenças marcantes na riqueza de espécies e abundância, quando comparada com a área com igarapés conservados, esta (área desflorestada) apresentou elevada similaridade a nível composicional entre os igarapés amostrados (menor diversidade beta), diferentemente dos igarapés localizados na Rebio, que apresentaram maior número de espécies com hábitos mais especializados. Igarapés desflorestados apresentaram homogeneização da sua ictiofauna em comparação com igarapés providos de mata ripária, refletindo a maior homogeneização estrutural encontrada em igarapés com baixo percentual de cobertura vegetal. Dessa forma, a retirada da cobertura vegetal em igarapés com comunidades mais diversificads e especializadas, como os da Rebio Jaru, promoveria a homogeneização das espécies acarretando a perda destas, assim como a substituição destas por espécies tolerantes a condições ambientais comuns a ambientes alterados. Para o capítulo 3, embora não tenhamos encontrado áreas de endemismo na bacia analisada, apontamos que a influência da estrutura física dos igarapés sobre a composição de espécies é o principal fator modulador da estruturação da assembleia de peixes. Todavia, tal fator não se aplica a estruturação da assembleia baseada na coocorrência de espécies, haja vista que, a análise de toda a bacia com diferentes níveis de uso de solo, apresentou um padrão organizacional não aleatório / This study evaluates (i) the structure of fish assemblages in upland streams in the Machado River basin, (ii) the effects of the environmental degradation on fish community by comparing undamaged areas (Protected area) and impacted areas (human activities) in the catchment of the Machado river, and (iii) the spatial distribution of fish assemblages in low-order tributaries in the Machado. The species distribution was evaluated based on the occurrence data and analysed using the Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE). Sampling was performed on August and September 2011, June and August 2012 and July 2013. In total 81 streams were sampled. Fishes were actively collected using seine nets and dip nets. In Chapter 1, a greater number of individuals and species were found in low stretch compared the upper reaches of the basin. Statistical differences were found between the upper reach and the middle and lower reaches. Thus, we reject our hypothesis of differences between the analyzed sections, not confirming the prediction of the that the species richness and abundance increases following a longitudinal gradient. However, despite the lack of confirmation of the hypothesis, a pattern of addition and replacement of species was observed from the top to the middle reache, and a replacement pattern of species was observed in the lower reach. In chapter 2, we point out that deforested streamsttle do not show marked differences in species richness and abundance when compared to preserved streams, this (deforested area) showed high level compositional similarity between the sampled streams (lower beta diversity), unlike the streams located in Rebio, which showed a higher number of species with more specialized habits. Deforested streams showed homogenization of its fish fauna compared to streams provided to riparian forest, reflecting the greater structural homogeneity found in streams with low percentage of vegetation cover. Thus, the removal of vegetation cover in streams with more diversificads and specialized communities, such as the Rebio Jaru, promote homogenization of the species causing the loss of these, as well as the replacement of these by species tolerant to common environmental conditions to altered environments. In Chapter 3, we suggest tha there are no endemism areas in the reffered areas. However, we point out that the difference on the physical structure of streams is the main factor influencing the structure of fish assembly. In this sense is evident that the removal of vegetation in environments with large numbers of specialized fish species may promote the replacement of these by tolerant species and the extinction of species with limited distribution. However, this does not apply to the assembly structure based on the co-occurrence of species, given that the analisis of the whole assembly,with different levels of land use, presented a nonrandom organizational pattern.

The essay discusses the criteria available in Peru’s environmental impact assessment regime for mandatory modification of environmental impact studies as a result of the modification of the underlying project. The paper identifies the gaps in the cross-sector legislation on environmental impact assessment, and the deficiencies of sector-specific legislation on environmental impact assessment, which have privileged quantitative criteria associated to the size of the project, over qualitative criteria associated to the real impact of the amendment of the project. / El ensayo analiza los criterios previstos en el régimen de evaluación de impacto ambiental peruano para determinar la obligatoriedad de la modificación de los estudios de impacto ambiental como consecuencia de la modificación de los proyectos. Identifica los vacíos existentes en la legislación transectorial y las deficiencias de los regímenes sectoriales, los que han privilegiado criterios de determinación fundamentalmente cuantitativos asociados a la magnitud del proyecto, sobre criterios cualitativos asociados al real impacto de la modificación.

No description available.