The aim of my thesis was to analysis the material flow in the company Prym Consumer CZ s.r.o. In the thesis I have described relations with suppliers, which is worth mentioning a consignment stock. Most I have focused on the evaluation of stock control {--} from the description of stores, to draft their own inventory management.

Material flow analysis is a main goal of the thesis. To analyse the flows of a material in a well-defined system under study. The goal is to get a transparent understanding of the material flows, to calculate indicators and to develop strategies and measures for improving the material flow systems. Material Flow Analysis thus is the basis for a material flow management.

Em substituição aos processos de reparo de defeitos por soldagem por arco elétrico, a Soldagem por Fricção com Pino Consumível ou Friction Hydro Pillar Processing (FHPP) vem sendo estudada devido a suas diversas vantagens sobre os processos convencionais de reparo. Isso se deve a não ocorrência de fusão do metal base e do metal de adição, ao reduzido tempo de processamento (inferior a um minuto, na maioria dos casos) e à possibilidade de automação do processo. Entretanto, por ser um processo relativamente novo, pouco se sabe sobre o mecanismo de deposição de material e a influência deste na qualidade final da junta soldada. Desta forma, a análise do fluxo de material proposta por esse estudo visa contribuir na compreensão da distribuição do material no interior da junta soldada. Para isso, um traçador de titânio foi inserido no interior da solda de um pino de aço SAE 4140. Para a avaliação das juntas soldadas com o traçador de titânio, foram feitas análises de macro e micrografia, além da análise por raios X por meio de um tomógrafo industrial. A partir dos resultados, constatou-se que o processo de FHPP apresenta dois fluxos distintos: o primeiro relativo à distribuição de material do centro do pino, já o segundo referente à distribuição de material da parede do pino. O material do centro do pino tem a tendência de acumular-se no fundo da solda e por meio dos planos de cisalhamento criados, o material do centro do pino é transportado para a periferia do pino. Já o segundo fluxo de material ocorre entre as superfícies de contato do pino e do furo. É um escoamento de expulsão de material, sendo expulso com a rebarba. Ainda, foi verificado que a mistura de material ocorre somente nas regiões onde há atrito entre as peças: ponta do pino com o fundo do furo, parede do pino com a parede do furo e no plano de cisalhamento a quente. Portanto, a partir do conhecimento do fluxo de material é possível prever a distribuição de particulados no interior da solda, uma vez que elas tendem a se acumular nas regiões com maior intensidade de fluxo. Além disso, a utilização da técnica de tomografia computacional mostrou-se eficaz na identificação de trincas no interior de juntas soldadas por fricção e também para as análises de fluxo em soldas com materiais dissimilares. / The replacement of electric arc welding at cracks repairs by the Friction Hydro Pillar Processing (FHPP) it`s being studied due the several advantages of this new process. With the FHPP the process time is less than one minute, the welding temperature is bellow to the melting temperature of the material and the process can be automated. However, as it is a relatively new repair welding process, there are not many information about the material distribution mechanism and the influence of it at the final weld quality. Thus, the material flow analysis proposed by this study intends to contribute to the material comprehension distribution inside the weld. Therefore, a titanium tracer was inserted inside a SAE 4140 steel pin. To evaluate the welds, the samples were analyzed by metallography and by industrial tomography. With the results, were found two different materials flows. The first describes the flow of the material at the center of the pin and the second describes the flow of the material of the faying surface of the pin. The material at the center of the pin tends to accumulate at the bottom of the weld and just above this few volume, appears the hot shear plane that allow the material from the center of the pin flows intermittent to the periphery. Nevertheless, this material is not expelled with the flash. The second flow is the material of the faying surface outside of the center pin, which on part goes to the top of the weld and it is expelled with the flash, and the other goes to the bottom of the weld, but doesn’t arrives because of the material already deposited. Furthermore, it was verified that the material stir occurs specially at the regions that the friction happens: faying surface of the pin and the hole and the shear plane. Thus, with that information it is possible to predict the distribution of particulate, as inclusions, inside the weld. Besides that, the industrial tomography proved that is able to identify cracks inside the welds and it is a great tool at the flow analysis of dissimilar welds.

A cana-de-açúcar é a cultura com finalidade energética mais importante do agronegócio brasileiro, por gerar muitos empregos no setor, representar uma parcela significativa do PIB agropecuário e por ser a fonte renovável de energia com maior participação na matriz energética brasileira. O sucesso de seu cultivo depende, dentre outros fatores, da realização do preparo de solo adequado para fornecer às plantas condições favoráveis de desenvolvimento, particularmente do sistema radicular. Em geral, ele é realizado a cada cinco anos e o custo de implantação do canavial, no qual ele se inclui, é alto, representando em torno de 25% desse custo. Os sistemas de preparo de solo comumente utilizados são o convencional e o reduzido, ambos mecanizados. O primeiro tem como característica práticas intensivas de mobilização do solo em camadas mais rasas, enquanto o segundo é composto por número reduzido de operações e máquinas na área e a mobilização do solo pode ser em camadas rasas ou profundas. A escolha pelo sistema de preparo de solo mais econômico e sustentável é complexa por envolver muitas variáveis. Avaliações econômica e energética têm sido uma alternativa eficiente para analisar sistemas de produção agrícola, pois fornecem indicadores financeiros e ambientais para auxiliar na tomada de decisão na adoção do sistema de preparo. Tendo em vista a importância econômica e energética da cana no cenário nacional, a influência do preparo de solo no desenvolvimento da planta e na composição dos custos operacionais, associados à carência de estudos energéticos que avaliem o sistema mecanizado do preparo profundo do solo, este trabalho teve o objetivo de analisar a viabilidade econômica e energética do sistema de preparo de solo profundo no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar em comparação ao sistema convencional. Para tal foi desenvolvido um modelo em planilha eletrônica que auxiliou na determinação dos indicadores econômicos e energéticos de cada sistema de preparo de solo. Os resultados apontaram que o sistema de preparo profundo do solo é viável do ponto de vista econômico e energético, pois apresentou custo operacional de 401,50 R$ ha-1 e demanda de energia de 2,63 GJ ha-1, respectivamente, 30% e 40% inferiores, ao sistema convencional. A análise de sensibilidade evidenciou que a capacidade de campo operacional, a potência do trator e o consumo de combustível foram os fatores de maior impacto na variação dos custos operacionais e na demanda de energia de entrada. / Sugarcane is the most of important energy crop for Brazilian agribusiness, since it propitiates many jobs, it represents a significant share of agricultural GDP and it is the renewable source of energy of higher contribution to the energy matrix. The success of its cropping depends, among other factors, of the appropriate tillage system to provide the plants favorable development conditions, particularly to the root system. Generally, it is carried out on every five years and it accounts around 25% of cropping cost. Soil tillage systems usually adopted are conventional and reduced, both mechanized. The conventional system consists of several operations in the superficial layers, while the reduced one uses less operations and soil mobilization can be in shallow or deep layers. In this latter category, the system of deep soil tillage is included if it is carried out in rows of planting. Economic and sustainable soil preparation system is complex because it involves many variables. Economic and energy assessments have been an efficient alternative to analyze agricultural production systems because it provides financial and environmental indicators for decision making on system adoption. Considering the economic and energy importance of sugarcane in the national scenario, the influence of soil preparation on the development of the plant and the composition of the operational costs, associated to the lack of energy studies that evaluate the mechanized system of deep soil preparation, this study aimed to analyze the economic and energy viability of the deep soil preparation system in sugarcane cultivation compared to the conventional system. For this purpose, a model was developed which assisted in the determination of the economic and energy indicators of each soil preparation system. The results showed that the deep soil preparation system is feasible from an economic and energy point of view, since it presented operational cost of 401.50 R$ ha-1 and energy demand of 2.63 GJ ha-1, respectively, 30% and 40% below the conventional system. Sensitivity analysis showed that the operational field capacity, the power of the tractor, the fuel consumption were the factors presented greater relevance in the variation of operating costs and the demand for input energy.

Effective implementation of resource policies requires consistent and robust indicators. An increasing number of national and international strategies focussing on resource efficiency as a means for reaching a green economy call for such indicators. As supply chains of goods and services are increasingly organised on the global level, comprehensive indica-tors taking into account upstream material flows associated with internationally traded products need to be compiled. Particularly in the last few years, the development of con-sumption-based indicators of material use also termed material footprints has made considerable progress. This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing methodol-ogies to calculate material footprint-type indicators. The three prevailing approaches, i.e. environmentally extended input-output analysis (EE-IOA), coefficient approaches based on process analysis data, and hybrid approaches combing elements of EE-IOA and process analysis are presented, existing models using the different approaches discussed, and advantages and disadvantages of each approach identified. We argue that there is still a strong need for improvement of the specific approaches as well as comparability of re-sults, in order to reduce uncertainties. The paper concludes with recommendations for further development covering methodological, data and institutional aspects.

Meta-Modelle sind Rechenmodelle, die das Verhalten technischer Systeme näherungsweise beschreiben oder nachbilden. Sie werden aus Beobachtungen von Simulationsmodellen der technischen Systeme abgeleitet. Es handelt sich also um Modelle von Modellen, um Meta-Modelle. Meta-Modelle unterscheiden sich grundsätzlich von analytischen Ansätzen zur Systembeschreibung. Während analytische Ansätze in ihrer mathematischen Struktur die tatsächlichen Gegebenheiten des betrachteten Systems wiedergeben, sind Meta-Modelle stets Näherungen. Der Vorteil von Meta-Modellen liegt in ihrer einfachen Form. Sie sind leicht zu bilden und anzuwenden. Ihr Nachteil ist die nur annähernde und u.U. unvollständige Beschreibung des Systemverhaltens. Im folgenden wird die Bildung von Meta-Modellen anhand eines Bediensystems dargestellt. Zuerst werden die Möglichkeiten einer analytischen Beschreibung bewertet. Danach werden zwei unterschiedliche Meta-Modelle, Polynome und neuronale Netze, vorgestellt. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen dieser Formen der Darstellung des Systemverhaltens werden diskutiert. Abschließend werden praktische Einsatzfelder von Meta-Modellen in der Materialflußplanung und -simulation aufgezeigt.

This thesis entitled "The Study of Logistics Concept in the Organization with Associated Production" focuses on ensuring smooth material flows using information flows with respect to orders. It consists of the theoretical part, which describes basic concepts of solving logistical explaining the analyzed problems. The practical part is an application of analyses to the specific company VSP Group, a.s., with a special aim to the metal center. Results serve as a basis for the elaboration of proposals, and more effective use of information flows for a control of material flows.

A new model of the material flow in rotary friction welding of tubes is proposed. The material flow proposed is based on 3D scans of welds performed with tungsten tracers. The tracers indicate a bifurcation of flow into two deformation paths. A different analysis is performed on each path.The material in Path 1 interacts with the weld interface and exhibits large amounts of azimuthal flow. Previous analytical investigations that have analytically modelled the weld interface as a non-Newtonian fluid are used to calculate the strain rate in this zone.The material in Path 2 transitions from axial to primarily radial flow. The assumption of no azimuthal flow in Path 2 is validated through experimental results of the tracer study. The directional transition in this path is compared to orthogonal machining and equal channel angular pressing. The process to estimate the variables needed to calculate strain and strain rates using the equations from orthogonal machining and equal channel angular pressing is defined. Strain and strain rate in Path 2 are dependent upon feedrate and upset. Both decrease throughout the welding process. The strain rate is higher than previous studies in rotary friction welding because of the deformation model proposed.

Byggbranschen kämpar med att kontinuerligt pressa byggtider och kostnader för ett alltsnabbare och effektivare byggprojekt för kunds räkning. Materialkostnaden utgör mellan 50–70 procent av det totala projektet. Därav är det högst relevant att se över tillvägagångssätt föratt minimera materialspill genom materialplanering och materialhantering, för att minskakostnader, eliminera icke värdeskapande produktionsprocesser och samtidigt värna om miljön. Detta kan göras genom bland annat metoder Lean construction, Just in time ochMaterialmanagement. Studien är baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer med två företag som är verksamma i byggbranschen men som skiljer sig från varandra. Det ena företaget är ett byggföretag och det andra är ett konsultföretag som hjälper byggföretag med bland annateffektiviseringar av olika slag. Intervjuerna från båda företagen ligger fokusen på materialflödes process från planering och beställning till användning av material. Det framgåräven utmaningar angående materialplanering och materialhantering inom byggprojekt. Viktenav kommunikation för att effektivisera planering och hantering av material är stor för att kunnareducera materialspill samt icke värdeökande processer. För att underlätta kommunikationenkan digitala system och verktyg såsom RFID-taggar för leveransspårning användas. Det kanresultera i ökad produktivitet och minska den totala projektkostnaden. / The construction industry is under constant pressure for efficiency. Building times are expected to be faster and simultaneously more cost-efficient to meet the customer’s requirements. Material-costs range between 50-70 percent of the total construction project expenses. In order to suppress these costs, it is essential to minimize material waste through planning and material management, this can be done by eliminating non-value-based production processes which result in safeguarding the environment and reducing the material-costs. The main theories used in this thesis are therefore: Lean construction, Just in time and Material-management. The study is based on semi-constructed interviews with two construction businesses, one company is active within construction, and the other is a consultant firm who is active in coaching, costefficiency and material management. The interviews focus on the process of material-flow, starting from planning to purchasing and ultimately applying the material. The interviews highlight the challenges of material planning and material management within construction projects, but also, the importance of communication to gain maximum planning effectiveness and managing the material in order to reduce material-waste and non-value-based production processes. Digital systems are used to amplify communication and tools such as RFID-tags are used to track supply deliveries. This could potentially result in increased productivity and a reduction of the total project costs.

The diploma thesis on the topic "Creating a Logistics Concept in a Selected Company" analyzes the logistics system of the company in terms of material and information flows in the production. The theoretical part explains the individual concepts of logistics. The analysis of the current situation of a selected company describes the current order processing, activities that affect order processing and how these activities contribute to the order realization. There are solution proposals in the field of information and material flows as a part of this thesis. These proposals contribute to streamline the course of the order management by the company.