The evolution of the role of the trombone as a solo instrument in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries can be traced most effectively through four schools of playing, with the music of today's avant-garde being a logical historical culmination of these four schools. It will be demons t rated that the avant-garde's use of the solo trombone has merely continued the evolutionary process started in the early nineteenth century. The contribution of the early nineteenth-century virtuosi was the establishment of the idea that the trombone could compete on its own terms with other instruments as a solo instrument. In addition to expanding the technical capabilities, they also left a basic solo repertoire. With the death of the virtuosi the trombone as a solo instrument went into a decline. For the remainder of the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth century the Paris Conservatoire was influential. Standards of solo performance were brought to new heights by excellent study material and contest solos. The next important step came from the late nineteenth-century American band virtuosi. Their influence helped the public to accept the idea of the trombone as a solo instrument. The American jazz trombonists of the 1930's and 1940's also further widened the technical capabilities of the trombone and also further encouraged acceptance of the Instrument in its solo capacity. However, their most important contribution was in new tonal colors. The music of the avant-garde takes all these previous historical achievements and makes use of them in its own unique way.

This thesis examines the symbolism of thirty-five slave songs that existed in the pre-Civil War South in the United States in order to gain a more profound insight into the values of the slaves. The songs chosen were representative of the 300 songs reviewed. The methodology used in the analysis was adapted from Ralph K. White's "Value Analysis: The Nature and Use of the Method." The slave songs provided the slaves with an opportunity to express their feelings on matters they deemed important, often by using Biblical symbols to "mask" the true meanings of their songs from whites. The major values of the slaves as found in their songs were independence, justice, determination, religion, hope, family love, and group unity.

Three original suites, composed during 2008-2009, are presented and discussed with respect to form, style, and compositional techniques. The subjects are Suite No. 1 (clarinet and piano), Suite No. 2: For Paul, A Master of Music (clarinet, piano, double bass and drums), and Suite No. 3: L'Chaim (two clarinets, flugelhorn, French horn, bandoneon, piano, violin, and cello). Common to all three pieces is the inspiration of klezmer, a Jewish music genre that, during its reemergence over the past thirty-five years, has welcomed the influence of other musical styles. In keeping with the eclectic nature of klezmer, each suite builds upon the previous one with regard to instrumentation, style and technique, and embraces additional genres (jazz and tango). Brief reviews regarding the history and musical characteristics (including modes, ornamentation and improvisation, song types and instrumentation) for all the included genres are also presented for the benefit of compositional context. / by Alison Weiner. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

by Jackelyn Marcus. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2012. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2012. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

蔡懿嫻. / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1999. / 參考文獻 (leaves 246-256). / 附中英文摘要. / Cai Yixian. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi) -- Xianggang zhong wen da xue, 1999. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 246-256). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter (一) --- 硏究源起 --- p.1 / Chapter (二) --- 中國佛教音樂的硏究現況 --- p.1 / Chapter (三) --- 本選題的意義及硏究目的 --- p.5 / Chapter (四) --- 本論文採用之硏究方法 --- p.6 / Chapter 第一章 --- 佛教及其音樂在中國之發展槪況 --- p.8 / Chapter 第一節 --- 佛教之傳入 --- p.8 / Chapter 第二節 --- 佛教音樂在中國的發展槪況 --- p.10 / Chapter (一) --- 漢代至東晉的初弘階段 --- p.10 / Chapter (二) --- 南北朝的建立階段 --- p.12 / Chapter (三) --- 唐代的繁盛及定型化階段 --- p.13 / Chapter (四) --- 宋元至近代的衰微階段 --- p.15 / Chapter 第二章 --- 佛教在香港的發展槪況 --- p.18 / Chapter 第一節 --- 香港的三大古刹與佛教在香港的歷史槪況 --- p.18 / Chapter 第二節 --- 1900年至1940年佛教在香港的發展槪況 --- p.20 / Chapter 第三節 --- 戰後佛教在香港的發展 --- p.22 / Chapter 第三章 --- 香港的佛教儀式及法事音樂 --- p.24 / Chapter 第一節 --- 香港的佛教儀式 --- p.24 / Chapter (一) --- 《朝暮課誦》及《二時臨齋儀》 --- p.24 / Chapter (二) --- 佛教定期舉行的法事 --- p.25 / Chapter (三) --- 佛教不定期舉行的重要法事 --- p.26 / Chapter 第二節 --- 香港佛教法事音樂 --- p.28 / Chapter 第三節 --- 香港佛教法事音樂的傳授 --- p.29 / Chapter 第四章 --- 《焰口》佛事及其音樂 --- p.34 / Chapter 第一節 --- 《焰口》佛事簡介 --- p.34 / Chapter (一) --- 《焰口》佛事之起源 --- p.34 / Chapter (二) --- 《焰口》佛事之經文版本 --- p.34 / Chapter (三) --- 《焰口》佛事之舉行時間及地點 --- p.36 / Chapter (四) --- 《焰口》佛事之目的 --- p.36 / Chapter 第二節 --- 佛教天童精舍之法會 --- p.37 / Chapter (一) --- 佛教天童精舍之簡介 --- p.37 / Chapter (二) --- 天童精舍之《焰口》佛事 --- p.39 / Chapter (三) --- 《焰口》佛事之參與人員 --- p.41 / Chapter (四) --- 實地考查佛教天童精舍之《焰口》佛事 --- p.41 / Chapter (五) --- 《焰口》佛事之程序 --- p.42 / Chapter (六) --- 《焰口》佛事之音樂記譜 --- p.73 / Chapter 第五章 --- 《焰口》佛事音樂之形態分析 --- p.185 / Chapter 第一節 --- 《焰口》佛事的唱誦形式及經文分類 --- p.185 / Chapter (一) --- 《焰口》佛事的唱誦形式 --- p.185 / Chapter (二) --- 《焰口》佛事的經文分類 --- p.187 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《焰口》佛事梵唄的調式與音階 --- p.193 / Chapter (一) --- 調式 --- p.193 / Chapter (二) --- 調性的轉移 --- p.193 / Chapter (三) --- 音階與音域 --- p.194 / Chapter 第三節 --- 梵唄速度特點 --- p.198 / Chapter (一) --- 散一緊一快一慢 --- p.198 / Chapter (二) --- 散板 --- p.199 / Chapter (三) --- 固定節拍 --- p.199 / Chapter 第四節 --- 旋律的發展手法 --- p.199 / Chapter (一) --- 典型旋律型的運用 --- p.199 / Chapter (二) --- 典型旋律型的變化 --- p.203 / Chapter 第五節 --- 梵唄的結構型態 --- p.205 / Chapter (一) --- 單句反覆變奏體 --- p.205 / Chapter (二) --- 上下句反覆變奏體 --- p.205 / Chapter 第六節 --- 曲調運用手法 --- p.211 / Chapter (一) --- 一曲一詞 --- p.211 / Chapter (二) --- 一曲多用 --- p.211 / Chapter (三) --- 一詞多調 --- p.216 / Chapter (四) --- 套曲 --- p.227 / Chapter 第七節 --- 《焰口》佛事打擊法器的運用 --- p.229 / Chapter (一) --- 《焰口》佛事的打擊法器 --- p.229 / Chapter (二) --- 《焰口》佛事打擊法器的伴奏方式 --- p.232 / Chapter 第八節 --- 儀式音樂在佛教儀式中的意義 --- p.234 / Chapter 第九節 --- 《焰口》佛事與外圍文化的關係 --- p.235 / 總結 --- p.243 / 參考書目 --- p.246

When John Cage invented the prepared piano in 1940, he created a sound world and body of music unlike anything heard before. The innovative music he wrote for prepared piano requires a completely new approach to performance, and expands our understanding of the piano's capabilities. This study will examine the main prepared piano works by John Cage, with a detailed analysis of the Sonatas and Interludes. Cage's Table of Preparations will be examined to establish an aesthetic rationale for this preparation. Different modes of listening will be explored through a selection of the Sonatas and Interludes recorded in three different technological systems - conventional AB 2.0, surround 5.1, and Disk Jecklin. The latter allows for a true "surround sound" experience as Cage himself might have heard his own pieces. Included is a compact disc of selections from Sonatas and Interludes recorded in each of the three technological systems. / by Inara Ferreira. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

This thesis is concerned with popular music's working of time. It takes the experience of time as crucial to the negotiation of social, political or, more simply, existential, conditions. The key example analysed is the funk style invented by legendary musician James Brown. I argue that James Brown's funk might be understood as an apprehension of a minor temporality or the musical expression of a particular form of negotiation of time by a minor culture. Precursors to this idea are found in the literature of the stream of consciousness style and, more significantly for this thesis, in the work of philosopher Gilles Deleuze on the cinema in his books Cinema 1: The Movement-Image and Cinema 2: The Time-Image. These examples are all concerned with the indeterminate unfolding of lived time and where the reality of temporal indeterminacy will take precedence over the more linear conventions of traditional narrative. Deleuze???s Cinema books account for such a shift in emphasis from the narrative depiction of movement through time the movement-image to a more direct experience of the temporal the time-image, and I will trace a similar shift in the history of popular music. For Deleuze, the change in the relation of images to time is catalysed by the intolerable events of World War II. In this thesis, the evolution of funk will be seen to reflect the existential change experienced by a generation of African-Americans in the wake of the civil-rights movement. The funk groove associated with the music of James Brown is discussed as an aesthetic strategy that responds to the existential conditions that grew out of the often perceived failure of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Funk provided an aesthetic strategy that allowed for the constitution of a minor temporality, involving a series of temporal negotiations that eschew more hegemonic, common sense, compositions of time and space. This has implications for the understanding of much of the popular music that has followed funk. I argue that the understanding of the emergence of funk, and of the contemporary electronic dance music styles which followed, would be enhanced by taking this ontological consideration of the experiential time of minorities into account. I will argue that funk and the electronic dance musics that followed might be seen as articulations of minority expression, where the time-image style of their musical compositions reflect the post-soul eschewing of a narratively driven, common sense view of historical time.

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This thesis is concerned with popular music's working of time. It takes the experience of time as crucial to the negotiation of social, political or, more simply, existential, conditions. The key example analysed is the funk style invented by legendary musician James Brown. I argue that James Brown's funk might be understood as an apprehension of a minor temporality or the musical expression of a particular form of negotiation of time by a minor culture. Precursors to this idea are found in the literature of the stream of consciousness style and, more significantly for this thesis, in the work of philosopher Gilles Deleuze on the cinema in his books Cinema 1: The Movement-Image and Cinema 2: The Time-Image. These examples are all concerned with the indeterminate unfolding of lived time and where the reality of temporal indeterminacy will take precedence over the more linear conventions of traditional narrative. Deleuze???s Cinema books account for such a shift in emphasis from the narrative depiction of movement through time the movement-image to a more direct experience of the temporal the time-image, and I will trace a similar shift in the history of popular music. For Deleuze, the change in the relation of images to time is catalysed by the intolerable events of World War II. In this thesis, the evolution of funk will be seen to reflect the existential change experienced by a generation of African-Americans in the wake of the civil-rights movement. The funk groove associated with the music of James Brown is discussed as an aesthetic strategy that responds to the existential conditions that grew out of the often perceived failure of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Funk provided an aesthetic strategy that allowed for the constitution of a minor temporality, involving a series of temporal negotiations that eschew more hegemonic, common sense, compositions of time and space. This has implications for the understanding of much of the popular music that has followed funk. I argue that the understanding of the emergence of funk, and of the contemporary electronic dance music styles which followed, would be enhanced by taking this ontological consideration of the experiential time of minorities into account. I will argue that funk and the electronic dance musics that followed might be seen as articulations of minority expression, where the time-image style of their musical compositions reflect the post-soul eschewing of a narratively driven, common sense view of historical time.

When one realizes how little the harp of the 1700's had advanced from its Biblical predecessors, its neglect by such masters as Bach, Haydn, and Beethoven does not seem remarkable. Why should a serious composer waste his time in writing for an instrument with no facilities for modulating, an instrument the weak tones of which would be lost in an orchestra?