This qualitative study aimed to examine and critically explore women’s accounts as to how their abusive partner’s interest in sport (team combat sports in particular) impacted on the domestic violence and abuse they endured. The study was underpinned by feminist standpoint epistemology and Lacanian theory. Values aligning with feminist standpoint epistemology, such as the nature and balance of power, were central to this research which had at its core the voices of marginalised women. At the stages of analysis and discussion the Lacanian model of the Real, the Symbolic and the Imaginary were used to explore the women’s accounts. This model has afforded new insights into this culturally sensitive topic by removing the focus from the women who sustained abuse to the nature of the abuse they endured. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with nine women who were accessing women’s support services. The women spoke of the abuse they had endured during the course of a heterosexual, intimate relationship. Thematic analysis provided new perspectives regarding the interplay between sport fanaticism and domestic violence and abuse. This thesis extends existing research which has sought to interrogate the association between domestic violence and sporting events (mainly team combat sports). The significance of this study is that it confers deeper, richer understandings regarding the nature of domestic violence and abuse. It reveals how the perpetrators of abuse use violence and/or coercive and controlling behaviours around their sporting interests as a means of asserting power and subjugating their partners. The study is important in that it discloses how the perpetrators perceived some sports, especially football, as preserve which promoted male supremacy. It suggests avenues for further research and reflects upon the cultural significance of sport and team combat sport in particular. The study concludes by suggesting two key points which emerge from this study which underscore the pernicious, chronic and shifting nature of DVA and highlight the need for vigilance in responding to the cultural resources liable to be exploited by perpetrators of abuse.

This thesis project analyzes the influence of the built environment on subjectivity in late twentieth-century American fiction. Marilynne Robinson's Housekeeping, I contend, uses domestic architecture to inform the concept of female-as-subject, specifically through additive and subtractive construction techniques. These techniques influence public and private definitions of female, as they are present at the level of the individual house as well as the level of the town of Fingerbone as a cohesive unit. Jeffrey Eugenides's The Virgin Suicides interrogates ethnic subjectivity in a suburban setting. A strict grid orders the suburban landscape which, although visually unifying a group of ethnically diverse individuals, ultimately isolates the subjects--down to the scale of the single-family home--as it encourages collective memory, ethnic repression, and the standardization of perspective. In these novels, architecture is an agent which negotiates subjectivity and the vehicle that communicates ideology through and with the material reality of these homes. Reading architecture helps us understand who these characters are and how the built environment shapes the way they have come to define themselves and others as individuals, which ultimately allows for the subversion of such definitions.

D.Ed. (Educational Psychology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The primary purpose of this investigation has been to attempt to assess the relative value of beef, pork, and whale liver after each has been processed into a meal by a similar method. The secondary purpose has been to establish the relative value of whale liver when processed into a meal by several different methods. All liver preparations have been found to be relatively low in thiamine when this vitamin is assessed by bioassay using the Wistar strain rat as an experimental animal. In almost all cases, further supplementation with cod liver oil has produced a beneficial effect with respect to the growth rate and feed consumption of rats. Many of the difficulties associated with bioassay have come to light in the course of this investigation. These difficulties have been examined in detail and some suggestions have been made as to how the detrimental effect of these difficulties may be minimized. An attempt has been made in this thesis to analyze all the pertinant data statistically. It was pointed out that when group differences in feed consumption and weight gain are large there is not too much difficulty in the interpretation of the experiment. However, when group differences are small and the group consuming the most feed makes the largest weight gain, caoution must be used if one states the differences between groups are due to the ration only. Under this set of circumstances, if the data are subjected to an analysis of covariance no difference may be noted between groups even though when either feed consumption or weight gain are analyzed separately the difference between groups are significant. In this case one must rely heavily on common sense before asserting any conclusions. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

The central argument of this guide is that there are design features, details, processes, and decisions in housing development which can help the developers' return on his investment. The guidelines have 3 purposes: 1. to improve the developer's awareness of the major problems in housing development; 2. to lessen the risks of front end costs (professional fees, landholding costs, interest on borrowed capital, etc. before project approval and up to final sales) as governmental agencies overseeing development proliferate and public resistance becomes sophisticated; 3. to demonstrate that design (sophistication, elegance, expertise) does not necessarily cut into the developer's profit but can increase that profit and reduce the risks associated with it. Three ways in which design features may relate to development profit are examined in the guidelines. 1) Cost Reduction: imaginative and careful design can reduce the materials required, lessen the amount of energy consumed, optimize on free or existing resources, and improve the efficiency of construction. 2) Delay Prevention: complete design proposals will avoid errors and omissions on the plans, provide early coordination among the design team, utility and servicing companies and the levels of government involved, and address the concerns of the public and governmental planners to lessen resistance to project approval. 3) Marketability: the manner in which features of the site are dealt with and used in the development, and the inclusion of certain design features have strong market appeal which give the developer a competitive 'edge with sales or leasing. The guide is broken into four chapters, each a main area of concern in housing development: the site; the infrastructure; the open space system; and the dwelling unit. In each chapter there are nine to twelve sections; the section is a design feature, item or process. Each section introduces the design feature, lists points of concern, aspects to be considered, and may have some recommendations to be followed. The ways this feature can help profit are listed according to Cost Reduction, Delay Prevention, and Marketability. Lastly, each section may contain examples cases in point, and refer the reader to other illustrations. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

This thesis explores how familiar objects such as the homely recipe book hold our affection and shape our personal worlds. It takes its inspiration from a body of literature that only recently has explored in detail our relationship to mundane objects, subjecting these objects - and our feelings about them - to a serious scrutiny. The thesis is concerned with a material culture that takes us into domestic space, and to the objects within it to which we attach importance. Specifically, the inquiry explores the cultural mores surrounding the practice of cooking and writing food. It considers the interplay between public and private, male and female, self and other and the significance of the domestic space in each case. It asks how the culture of the recipe book helps shape female domestic identity, that is, the personae of women within the home, and as wives and mothers, as opposed to their public personae. This thesis studies the (until-recently) under-researched yet broad field - previously regarded as both too trivial and too formulaic to merit study - of homely recipe books. It considers the large collection of historic manuscripts of this genre available at the National Library of South Africa, in particular the collection of Louis C Leipoldt, and it regards these as part of a continuum with my own mother's recipe book. An important leitmotif of the study is the evolution of the recipe book from manuscript to printed, and from single copy to mass-produced text. On the one hand using recipe books as historical sources for the study of food and material culture, this study is also concerned with the affective impact of these texts, and more specifically what they say about the individuals and societies that made them. A central theme of the study is the role played in women's lives by the collecting and archiving of recipes through hand-written texts. My purpose is twofold: first, to bring these hidden histories to light, opening the kitchen door to the lives of ordinary women through their private writings; and second, to explore why the practice of writing food continues to be relevant into the present. I trace how homely recipe books are both exercises in personal authority as well as material traces of women's internal worlds and archives of the communities in which they exist. This study ultimately sees the return of the personalised recipe book as a route back to a positive and affirming female domestic identity, through a practice which is both therapeutic and self-actualising and which, through the act of archiving, brings together both past and present.

Drawing primarily on post-structural feminist conceptualisations of identity and power, this study explored Zimbabwean men’s comprehension of their own experiences of women-perpetrated abuse and the ways they construct meanings of such experiences in view of their masculine identities. To achieve this, the study specifically focused on five aspects: 1. The common conceptualizations of male identity in Zimbabwe; 2. The forms of women-perpetrated abuse experienced by men in Zimbabwe; 3. Male victims’ perceptions of abuse perpetrated by women; 4. Strategies employed by the victims in response to the abuse; 5. The support needs of men who have been abused by women who are their intimate partners. Interpretive phenomenology underpinned the qualitative approach adopted in this study. The main data sources were key informant interviews with selected individuals who, as part of their official jobs provided various services to abused men; semi-structured in-depth interviews with married and cohabiting men who had, in their recent past, been abused by their female intimate partners; focus group discussions with younger and older community members to solicit societal views on the markers of male identity in the Zimbabwean context. Tele-observation, which entails following television, social media websites and other media coverage of events and issues relating to the topic under investigation was adopted as an auxiliary method of capturing societal views on male identity and the types of abuse men are often subjected to by women in Zimbabwe. One of the main finding of the study is that there is no single form of male identity in Zimbabwe. Rather, male identity is fragmented, fluid and unstable. It is also marked by vulnerability that emanates from the reliance among men on third parties, among other sources, to define what constitute manhood. The study also revealed that vulnerability among men is demonstrated when they experience the different types of women-perpetrated abuse which include emotional, physical, sexual, psychological, economic and legal abuse, inter alia. Despite the inherent multiplicity of meanings derived by male victims from their experiences of intimate partner abuse (IPA), the perceptions that stood out are that; IPA is an expression of women’s power through both direct and indirect ways; and that women-perpetrated IPA is a basis for victims’ questioned identity (masculinity). It emerged that there are multiple coping mechanisms adopted by male victims, which in this study are categorised into primary and secondary coping strategies. The former includes seeking help from the justice system, family and friends, and civil society and faith-based organizations. The latter, on the other hand, entails individual actions such as alcohol abuse, home-desertion, suicidal thoughts and divorce. All in all, these coping options were shown to be ineffective and/or limited. To this end, the support needs of men abused by their female intimate partners were identified as informational support – regarding possible remedial actions they may consider, emotional support, instrumental support such as provision of temporary shelters, support through media coverage of cases of abuse against men, legal support and spiritual support. The overall conclusion of the study is that inclusive approaches, interventions and programs, which are open to acknowledging that persons of all genders can be victims or perpetrators of IPA, need to be adopted in the fight against IPA and all other forms of gender-based violence. The thesis concludes with recommendations for policy, practice and future research. / Thesis (DPhil Sociology)--University of Pretoria 2019. / UP DOCTORAL RESEARCH BURSARY / Sociology / DPhil Sociology / Unrestricted

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Clinical Psychology) in the Department of Psychology at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2014 / Domestic violence is a global issue, and it is affecting many people of different cultures and backgrounds around the world. South Africa is one of the countries which are highly affected by various forms of violence. Different people are using different coping mechanism in dealing with violence in general. This study investigates the coping mechanisms of survivors of domestic violence. It looks at the various coping mechanisms that each survivor employs to deal with such experience. This study employed qualitative research design and the target population were women. A sample of ten participants was recruited from the Empangeni Magistrate’s Court, and they all participated voluntarily. Only participants who had been involved in domestic violence for at least six months were asked to participate in the study, and those women who had taken the step of going to court and reporting the matter, or laying charges. The process of getting participants was a challenge and many survivors were reluctant to participant in the study. To collect data, semi structured interviews were used and during the interview a tape recorder was used and content analysis was used to analyses the data. The findings of this research indicated the following: survivors of domestic violence view it as physical abuse. It seems most survivors have experienced this type of abuse. Others indicated that it is verbal and emotional abuse and extramarital affairs that affect them. To them they are other forms of domestic violence, and they have experienced them in their relationships. The lack of communication, sexual needs and controlling behaviour were also indicated to have been experienced by survivors of domestic violence in this study. As regards the second and third questions, which focused on coping mechanisms, survivors of domestic violence indicated to have used problem focused strategies as a way of coping. They break the silence by reporting the matter to court, and claiming a protection order. Some participants are religious, and they pray to God. Some women, though, seemed to use negative coping strategies, such as conditioning themselves, tolerating the violence and keeping silent. In conclusion, it seems like there is still a great deal to be done in terms of educating the society and empowering victims of domestic violence. It is then recommended that the methodology to be changed by researchers on the same topic and there is also a need to educate community and empowerment to the survivors of domestic violence. The media can also play a role in broadening the awareness of domestic violence.

A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Community Psychology in the Department of Psychology at the University of Zululand, 2008. / Evidence from literature (Edleson, 1999; Ross man, 1998; Graham-Bermann, 1996) has shown that children who witnessed family violence suffer from emotional, behavioural, social and cognitive problems and are often in conflict with the law and adults. For this reason, the main aim of the present study was to form and evaluate a therapeutic group for children who witnessed family violence in an attempt to promote health at secondary and tertiary levels. The sample for this study consisted of 12 children aged 8-13 years (who constituted the therapeutic group) and their mothers (who evaluated children's progress). Specifically designed questionnaires were used to collect data which was analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The findings of the study showed that children who witnessed family violence benefited from group therapy as a treatment approach. Children's post-test responses showed a significant improvement when compared to pre-test responses. This was also affirmed by mothers' post-test responses. These findings suggest a critical need for provision of group therapy to children who witnessed family violence.

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