Graduation date: 1992

Non-profit organizations are different from profit organizations in many ways. One important aspect is that their operation is mainly built up by volunteers giving their timeand contributing to the operations within the organization. This is also one of the biggest issues non-profit organizations have to face daily, the fact that the management constantly be on the search for new volunteers. We decided that we wanted to know how some of these non-profit organizations work towards motivating and retaining their volunteers and if and how this work could be improved. We have done our research on the organizations the Red Cross, Save the Children and YMCA. We chose to do aqualitative research in order to get to know the organization and the people behind it enough to be able to answer our research question. We conducted the interviews with at least one person from each of the organizations that were in a managerial position and we also carried out interviews with a number of volunteers from each of the organizations from different operations.To be able to make conclusions from the empirical findings that we got we used a number of theories on the different subjects such as motivation and organizational theories. The empirical findings that we gathered from the interviews provided us with an insight in the organizations that we had hoped for as well as answers to our questions in a sufficient way. We found out what the major issues these organizations were struggling with according to the managers and from the volunteers we got information on how they want to be motivated and how that could help improve the work carried out by the volunteers.We have come up with suggestions on how this work could be improved for the best of both the organizations and the volunteers within them. The conclusions that we make from this is that there are simple but effective ways that these organizations can improve their work towards motivating and retaining their volunteers such as; creating a feeling of belonging with the organization by arranging meetings and gatherings; improving the communication between higher management and the volunteers in order to convey the mission and reason to why this work is carried out; and by giving the volunteers an opportunity to contribute in the way that fit them at different times in their life.

This is a case study of the planning and building of a new IT education facility when thedepartment of Media Technologymoved its operation to Flemingsberg and the main campus, due tothe termination of Campus Haninge at Södertörn University, Stockholm, Sweden. The study isbased on a case study an on administrative material from the process such as emailscorrespondences, policy documents, contact reports etc. The material is analysed using qualitativecontent analysis and the different observations done are distilled into four recommendations,aimed at being able to contribute to a improved process in similar future situations, whereverneeded.

I studied the social organization and foraging ecology of eastern coyotes (<i>Canis latrans</i>) in Nova Scotia, from 1992 to 1997. Breeding pairs formed the nucleus of coyote social groups and generally traveled with 1-3 other coyotes during winter. Mean winter traveling group size was similar for packs utilizing white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) or snowshoe hare (<i>Lepus americanus</i>) as a primary food item. Thus, increased use of large prey was insufficient to explain group formation and cohesion of coyotes. Home-range sizes decreased significantly with deer and hare densities. Coyotes used the same territories during winter and summer, and from year to year. During winter, coyotes used, and killed deer, in areas of low deer density proportionately more than expected, likely owing to the increased vulnerability of deer in these areas. Territoriality prevented coyotes from concentrating in deer wintering areas. Based on the analysis of 2,443 scats, deer and hare were the dominant food items. During winter, coyotes killed 76-86% of the deer they consumed. Most deer killed by coyotes were not malnourished. Deer killing rates were negatively correlated with hare density. Mean urinary urea nitrogen: creatinine ratios were correlated positively with hare density. Overall, high use of deer appeared to have been associated with increased vulnerability due to winter severity or, in the case of young fawns, inability to escape. During mild winters, coyotes are forced to focus their hunting efforts on prey other than deer, regardless of density, due to low vulnerability of deer. When severe winter conditions occur, coyotes switch to feeding mainly on deer. Coyotes exhibited a Type I numerical response to the total biomass of deer and hares. Survival of fawns during summer was positively correlated with hare density. However, the total response of coyotes to changes in deer and hare density indicated that the presence of hare increased predation on deer by supporting higher coyote densities. A model based on the total response of coyotes to changes in deer and hare abundance predicted that food competition rather than predation probably regulated deer populations. Extirpation due to intense predation was a possible outcome for deer at densities <0.6 deer/km2.

Abstract Job market is one of the supply and demand system. The enterprise and the talented people wanted to find their own best choice. The adaptability of individual and organizational is an index of Job seekers¡¦ Cognition and Judgement. The more subjective judgments of job seekers close to the actual situation, the more accurate judgments of job seekers. Therefore this research is to discover the idea of practical workers that can be a reference for the recruitment and retention of an enterprise. This may discuss from two aspects. 1.Job values The job values is one of the key factors that job seekers select their job. I will try to classified as two types of the seven job values orientation here, and discuss them separately. 2.The attraction of organization characteristics What are the most important features that an enterprise can attract the talented people ? What are the most important features that an enterprise can retain employees ? I will conduct the research from the organization characteristics and the enterprise social achievements This research will find out the job values of incumbent, and then discover the relationship between Job values and organization characteristics. So we can understand what kind of incumbent will think what kind of organization characteristics are attractive. The samples of this research are Taiwanese incumbent. A total of 250 questionnaires, the return of 211 valid questionnaires, the effective return rate is 84%. This research says that the incumbent think ¡§The dignity orientation¡¨, ¡§The organization safe and the economical orientation¡¨ and ¡§Stable and avoid the anxious orientation¡¨ are more important job values than others. In the organization characteristics aspect, ¡§Based Pay on performance¡¨, ¡§Decentralized ¡¨, ¡§Treatment of women and minorities¡¨, ¡§Employee relations¡¨, ¡§Community relations¡¨ are attractive. Finally, this research suggested that the supervisor can use job values tool to find out the employees and job seekers¡¦ job values and what they are concerned. The result can be a reference for external recruitment or internal retention, and even management strategy. Key words: Job values, attraction of organization characteristics

An investigation of the relationship between corporate sponsorship activities and human resource constructs was conducted through an online questionnaire with employees of a southern U.S. energy provider. Specifically, three sponsorship-related constructs, fan identification with a sponsored sport property, employee involvement with the sponsorship, and employee attitude toward the sponsorship were hypothesized to be positively related to employee organization identification and job satisfaction. Social identification theory (SIT) provided the theoretical foundation of this study. Through a series of hypotheses, the three sponsorship-related constructs were hypothesized to exert both direct and indirect effects on employee organizational identification and job satisfaction. Testing the process of missing data for approximately 80 of the total 427 respondents showed that data was missing at random (MAR). Thus, missing data values were imputed using regression techniques available in AMOS 16.0 software. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to evaluate the path of predicted relationships. Assessment of the measurement model fit for the entire model showed that all but one indicator, for involvement with the sponsorship, loaded on latent variables as expected. In addition to comparing the results of the SEM analysis of the imputed data set (n = 427) to the data set with only complete responses (n = 308), a random sample (n = 200) was also analyzed, in order to assess the impact of sample size on fitting the data to the models. A competing models approach to SEM analysis showed that four nested models differed only marginally on a couple goodness-of-fit indices. The principle of parsimony was thus utilized to select and evaluate the fit of the appropriate model. Evaluation of the hypotheses showed that fan identification and involvement with the sponsorship did not exert direct effects on employee organization identification and job satisfaction, but did influence these human resource constructs in an indirect manner. Additionally, an unpredicted, indirect relationship between organization prestige and job satisfaction was also established. Lastly, theoretical and managerial implications are discussed, along with the identification of several recommendations to guide future research relating corporate sponsorship with the internal audience.

Our country is from the accession to the WTO on January 1 of A.D. 2002 (abbreviate as WTO), after becoming 144th member's body, according to the classification of GATS, have educated into a service trade , has educated and turned into the goods that can be bought and sold. Under WTO norm, the opening and marketization of the educational market have been already irresistible, higher education opens, globalization and market-based challenge in the face of the educational market, how to develop under the educational liberalization policy? Quite worth the discussion .

Abstract The newly emerging crime of fraud is classified as a new form of crime. The type of fraud is just like an amoeba with unpredictable forms. This type of crime is also rare overseas. Since 1997 as economy evolves, electronics communication prospers and internet becomes more common in Taiwan, several new crimes of fraud such as lottery, credit mortgage, purchasing, or cell phone text messaging have started to emerge. Some common characteristics of these newly emerging crimes are the use of large volumes of counterfeit documents, fraudulent accounts or deceptive phone calls to fake any forged but vivid and intense scenarios that induce or threaten victims to transfer money into fraudulent accounts appointed by the criminal group and seriously breach people's financial safety protected by law. Although a number of public order, electronic communication and financial authorities and businesses have already enforced internal policies to prevent the fraud. However a statistic collected by the criminal police department shows that the number of fraud cases has increased drastically by 42.6 times in the past 11 years. Due to large number of victims and the urgency pushed by the people and public opinion, The Executive Yuan of the Republic of China has established an ¡§Anti-Fraud Cross Functional Coordination Meeting¡¨ to coordinate the process from the perspective of public policies. However the progress is generally considered slow. The crimes has penetrated to the society and stretched into numerous forms. It has even lead to negative social external effect. This study focuses on the legal prevention system of newly emerging crime of fraud and references to other related administrative laws. The main theoretical framework is based on the basic theory of administrative laws which include theory, organization, right, relief and supervision. Finally the purpose of the theoretical framework is to evaluate the followings: effectiveness of anti-fraud actions in Taiwan, completeness of the current regulations, cooperation of various government authorities, and cooperation between the private financial organizations and communications businesses. This study will also find out whether it will be effective to establish a public order committee under the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China or a national crime research institute as in other developed countries to support the government in fighting against crime; whether a ¡§financial police department¡¨ is necessary; and how China and Taiwan can cooperate through multi-delegation to battle against the crimes conducted by criminals or fugitives from justice who hide at the other side of the shore.

It is important for corporation to maintain ¡§flexibility¡¨ in order to enhance core competitive edge and to respond to market change quickly. So to have flexible human resource measures is an important organization strategy. Since high-tech industry is going to be the trend for Taiwan, the research will begin with the high-tech industry and explore the relations between ¡§financial performance resulted from flexible work arrangement¡¨ and ¡§overall organization performance¡¨. In addition, the research will also discuss, with different organizational characteristics and various extent of manpower allocation measures, whether the financial outcome resulted from flexible human resource measures would have an impact on the overall organization financial performance outcome. Therefore, 344 questionnaires were distributed in Hsinchu Science District and high-tech companies in greater Taipei area. 69 valid questionnaires and 3 not valid questionnaires were collected in Hsinchu while 43 valid questionnaires were collected in northern Taiwan. There were in total 112 valid questionnaires. The research will analyze organization characteristics and conditions (such as the scale of business, total month of existence of the company since it was founded, capital structure, number of departments and number of rankings) with frequency distribution, descriptive statistics, and matrix. In addition, the research will also use ¡§linear association¡¨ to examine the influence ¡§the interrelations among organization background, measures¡¦ extent of flexibility, flexible measures and the extent of flexibility¡¨ has toward ¡§organization overall finance performance¡¨. On the other hand, we use ¡§related analysis¡¨ to explore the association between ¡§flexible measures¡¦ financial performance of job capacity, quantity and salary¡¨ and ¡§overall flexible finance performance¡¨. The findings are as below: 1. In the various flexible high-tech industry human resource measures, it is correlated from both the profit performance resulted from developing multi-task staff, and the overall organization profit performance. 2. It is negatively correlated between the performance resulted from non-typical employee or the fluctuated salary, and the overall organization profit performance. It can be found in the interviews that depending on the industry characteristics, the outcome of high-tech companies to out-source non-core operation and to adopt fluctuate salary is not as good as the outcome of conventional industries. 3. The more the number of departments is, the more detailed job specification is. So, by assigning these non-core operations to the non-typical employee, the cost of time and manpower can be saved and the effectiveness and efficiency can be increased. 4. The cost of hiring a foreign employee is way lower than that of hiring a native employee with similar work experience. Therefore, it can lower the human resource cost for high-tech industry to adopt high proportion of foreign employees. 5. The human resource cost here refers to ¡§salary cost, welfare cost, training cost, dismissal fee and retirement fee¡¨. In high-tech industry, it is highly emphasized on the employees¡¦ welfare and training. Employees¡¦ salary is pretty good, too. So, it should be carefully evaluated the cost of downsizing and retaining extra employees. From this we can see the significant influence of downsizing on the decrease of human resource cost. Although downsizing might jeopardize the morale, it is still a form of warning in certain way. 6. The more the number of departments is, the larger the scale of organization is. Many training cost or welfare measures can be cost-effective under the situation of larger economic scale. 7. On the other hand, from the valid questionnaire collected, we found that most non-typical staff is in the position of non-professional operations. This is different from what we found in the literature review ¡§to react to environment with flexibility, we should simplify organization design and manpower allocation, or outsource those non-core operations¡¨. Further exploration on this is required for future researchers to explore.

The research of Employee Assistance Programs in Taiwan with employees' attitude and organization performance Abstract After industrial revolution in the early 19th century, Tailor's working-time study regarded men as a portion of machinery and developed Z-thesis from X & Y-thesis for men part in business management. Nowadays the human resource management in Taiwan is based on men because of high population density and policies of our government that has been implementing nine-year national education throughout the country. Besides, the development and increasing of the professional universities also educate al lot of people with professions in various fields. It makes Taiwan become one of the most important Chinese human resources center. However, facing to a great deal of internationalized impact for getting into WTO, all our industries consider the way to handle for the situation changes a lot day by day. Though the enterprises get advancement in competitiveness of their business, many problems are brought to the employees under the stress in the workplace. Those problems cannot be resolved by enterprises' welfare committee or by labor union. In addition to the rapid growth of the economy in Taiwan, the industrial society also has been changed at speed. The enhancement of personal value makes employees not only pay attention to how good their welfare is and how much salary is, also if the workplace is comfortable , safe, and full of peaceful and pleasant atmosphere which will influence their working emotion. They also consider the harmony in society and in family. Therefore, enterprises should take measures to keep their employees physically and mentally healthy, according to the employees various needs. Definition of EAPs offer employers an alternative in confronting job performance problems in the workplace. Employee assistance programs are worksite-based programs designed to assist in the identification and resolution of productivity problems associated with employees impaired by personal concerns including, but not limited to: health, marital, family, financial, alcohol, drug, legal, emotional, stress, or other personal concerns which may adversely affect employee job performance. In 1981, the local enterprises started to establish the model of 'Labor Guidance and Assistance" to execute "Employee Counseling Issue" the so-called industrial social work. Before this, the content of the industrial social work was based on the items of safety and sanitation, labor insurance, labor education, professional training, entertainment, and labor services etc. But the professional thesis and skills of social work were not applied to these assistance items. Thus, our Labor Committee introduced EAPs to the local enterprises in 1985 and helped them to establish employees assistance systems of EAPs. The current problems that Taiwanese labors meet are: (1)Lower employed (2)Shortage of basic labor (3)The job-switching problem of the excessive manpower from agricultural and industrial department (4)The management problem of foreign labors (5)Second career problem for middle aged and old people Besides, local employees counseling is always considered to be the conflict between labor and capitalist, which is different from EAPs. EAPs take employees' personal problems as a part of organization management responsibility. However, this kind of research is seldom discussed by local enterprises. The major study of purpose were follows: 1.To discuss the present situation in business carrying out EAPs, and the employees' requirements and satisfaction degree on the programs. 2.The EAPs models are carried out continuously in business and improvement will be reached, according to employees' requirements and satisfaction degree on them. 3.Questionnaire investigations on EAPs basic service items are taken to be the reference for redesign and execution the programs in HRM department to meet employees' requests on work, life, health, and welfare. 4.To study the relation among organization performance, organization commitment, and HRM system when EAPs are carried out in business. The findings of the study : The sequence of requirement is (work assistance programs), (management assistance programs), (life assistance programs), (other assistance programs). The sequence of satisfied degree is (life assistance programs), (work assistance programs), (other assistance programs), (counsel service fashion), (management assistance programs), (healthy assistance programs), (organization performance), (organization commitment). The result reveals that carrying out EAPs will help employees work steadily in business. Besides, to enhance productivity, to reduce work accident, to lower absence from work, to avoid switching job, and to improve harmony in working place will reach organization performance and strengthen employees' commitment to the organization.