Some performers become so consumed by the demands and pressures of performing that they neglect other priorities in their life. However, some individuals succeed in their performance domain and still have their lives together---they approach their performance with a sense of perspective (Brown, Cairns, & Botterill, 2001). Though the perspectives of adult performers have been outlined in the literature, it is unclear what perspective adolescent participants bring to their performance. The participants were ten young performers (seven athletes and three musicians) selected from a private school in central Canada. They were identified both as top performers and as individuals who had their lives together. In depth interviews revealed the elements that characterize the perspective these participants bring to their performance. Results indicate these adolescents strive to maintain balance in their lives, build relationships with others that assist them in their performance pursuits, approach obstacles with a positive perspective, grow through learning and improving, use a complete focus to absorb themselves in performing, and find passion in their performance pursuits and live this passion everyday.

Maintenance of public welfare is the function of the public sector. It is the duty of a government to do whatever is conducive to the welfare of the governed. It is the assumption of this study that as recreation is conducive to human well-being, it is the responsibility of government to provide each citizen with the opportunity of a diversity and variety of recreative pursuits. The substitution of automation and advanced technology for human powers and the subsequent gains in productivity have created an affluent society. Never before has man had greater prospects for a higher income, increased longevity, greater mobility and shorter working hours. By means of the rationalization of work, man's role in society will increasingly be sustained through recreative pursuits. Because of man's increased ability and need to participate in recreation, it has been estimated that the demand for recreation, and outdoor recreation in particular, will increase substantially. As a result of rising competition amongst all land uses and concurrent with an increase in demand for outdoor recreation there is a decreasing supply of recreation resources. The underlying purpose of this study was to ascertain what provisions society can make in order to ensure that outdoor recreation amenities will be available to all. In particular, this study sought to define the inadequacy of present policy in light of an increasing demand, and by means of a case study, to determine whether integration of recreation into the environment could represent an aspect of a new policy. The study results clearly uphold the following hypothesis: That the policy concerning the provision of opportunity for outdoor recreation has failed to recognize the dynamics of the supply and demand for outdoor recreation; new policy is indicated, one aspect of which, would be the Integration of recreation into the environment. The case study was focused upon the needs of the citizens of Vancouver and a trail system was conceived as being an instrument of a new policy. It was found that outdoor recreation could be compatible with other land uses. Land in the form of utility rights-of-way represents a recreation potential that could be used not only for the development of a trail system but also as a system serving to connect the major parks. A study of the function of outdoor recreation revealed that recreation is a continuous activity and therefore it is not logical to conceive of it as occurring only in a designated site. Recreation must be a feature of the environment especially as available land for recreation within the urban area is limited and thus a comprehensive approach towards its provision is required. This approach would necessitate the co-operation of all levels of government and the development of the recreation potential in all land uses. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

The attitude toward the problem of resource utilization at any level is tied philosophically to the man and nature relationship which has developed over a long period of time. Two recurring elements within this theme are, first, the idea that man conquers nature and, second, the common concept of man as something apart, or above, or outside of the rest of the natural world. In North America these ideas, carried to extremes, resulted in a plundering or rape of natural resources. The conservation movement developed as a reaction against such wanton destruction. Among those propounding the conservation ethic were also advocates of national parks and nature reserves. The park movement received its initial impetus from within the city itself. Its supporters felt that large green spaces should be maintained for the benefit of the urban dwellers living in the burgeoning industrial cities. The present rapidly expanding demand for outdoor recreation had its beginnings in such a way less than one hundred years ago. Four main factors, all presently increasing are contributing to this demand. They are population, mobility, leisure time, and disposable income. While it is not the only aspect of mobility, the automobile has done much to expand the radius of travel of the prospective recreationist. Since the natural environment is the locale in which the outdoor recreation experience is satisfied it is logical to consider what effect the increased demand is having on it. It appears that the quality of the recreational experience is to large degree dependent on the quality of the environment in which it is fulfilled. A high quality site may deteriorate if too many people frequent it at the same time or over a particular period of time. Ecology is the branch of biological science that is concerned with the relationships of all living things to each other and with the non-living elements of the environment. The understanding of these relationships is a necessary precondition to development of any kind. In the narrower context of this study, the proposed hypothesis is that ecology is a basic factor to be considered in planning for outdoor recreation. By outlining some principles and concepts of ecology and relating these specifically to a particular ecosystem; a wetland, the concept of an ecological point of view as a basis for planning has been explained. Supporting evidence, in the form of actual examples, has been drawn upon from a wide range of developments. The work of three men, Angus Hills, Philip Lewis, and Ian McHarg is also analyzed in respect to their proposed solutions to the problems of resource analysis from an ecologically based approach, William J. Hart has also used this approach in park planning and Artur Glikson utilizes biological information as an intrinsic element of his philosophy of regional planning. One of the first attempts in this field, reviewed here, is that of E. H. Graham who proposed a natural basis for land use. The hypothesis would largely seem to be substantiated by the evidence presented. Ecological information should certainly be part of the input in the planning process. However, what is clear is that in the past and to a large extent even today, this has not been the case. Most of the examples used to Illustrate particular points are negative, that is, cases of ecological information being ignored with the result that a resource was either degraded or destroyed. Few examples have been found to support the positive position. This study was limited to a review of existing literature. The topic, however, warrants further investigation by either experimental or survey methods or in the review of the historical record of a particular case from the ecological point of view. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

The National Industrial Recreation Association has recently created local Chapters to facilitate the needs of recreation professionals at the local level. The purpose of this study was twofold: first, to describe characteristics of the existing Chapters and compare their operational procedures; secondly, to determine problems and assess means for overcoming these problems in the establishment of Chapters. The data collection methodology choses for this study was a questionnaire. Results were tabulated in six question areas dealing with the operational procedures of Chapters and the barriers prohibiting the establishment of new Chapters. Through participation in Chapters, recreators can fulfill many of their own needs as well as contribute to the advancement of the industrial recreation profession.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--Bowling Green State University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-78). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Stevens Point, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 99).

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--Bowling Green State University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-78).

The purposes of this study were to identify acceptable procedures for organizing, managing and administering a recreation service; to state objectives; to define the role of the project recreation manager; to establish procedures for management; and to set the pattern of relationships between the project recreation manager and the Pakistani assistant recreation managers. Because as Allen states, “organization is, essentially, organization for for management and the structure of the business itself cannot be designed successfully unless we know the purpose of that which we build”, it became important to correlate the organization of the study with the organization of the structure for operation of the recreation service. Thus the problem was: (1) to determine the valid principles guiding organization and management and to apply those principles to a specific problem in organization, the operation of a recreation service for the Pakistani personnel of the Mangla Dam Contractors; (2) to select procedures based on those principles; (3) to determine the most acceptable techniques and most effective methods for applying procedures; and (4) to determine the influence of the culture and religion on activity programming. In undertaking the administration, and particularly the managements, of a Pakistani staff, the most important objective was the determination of a guiding philosophy and the defining of goals and objectives. Dimock emphasizes the importance of a philosophy in the statement, “administration is more than learned responses, well chosen techniques; a bundle of tricks. It is not even a science and never ought to become a hard and fast method. It is more than an art. It is a philosophy.” Such a philosophy guided the selection of a staff capable of meaning decentralized recreation offices constructively and with minimum of trial and error.