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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2000. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

abstract: The beginning of college is a period in which increased alcohol use often coincides with greater involvement in romantic relationships. Existing literature yields inconsistent findings regarding the influence of different relationship statuses on drinking behavior, perhaps because these studies have not accounted for recent changes in the way college students engage in dating/sexual relationships. In the current college environment, many students who define themselves as non-daters are nonetheless sexually active, a phenomenon referred to as the 'hook up' culture. The present study sought to address this issue by examining the effects of both relationship status and sexual activity on heavy episodic drinking (HED) among 1,467 college students over the course of their first three semesters. Results indicated that the effects of relationship status depended on whether or not an individual was sexually active. Non-dating but sexually active students reported rates of heavy drinking comparable to students who defined themselves as casual daters, but non-dating students who were not sexually active reported drinking behavior similar to those involved in committed relationships. Further, transitions between low and high risk relationship/sexual activity statuses were associated with corresponding changes in HED. Transitioning into a high risk status was associated with greater levels of heavy episodic drinking, whereas transitioning into a low risk status was associated with decreases in this behavior. Together, results indicate that engaging in nonexclusive dating or sexual relationships may play an important role in the development of problematic patterns of alcohol use during the early college years. These findings have potentially important implications both for future research and for prevention and intervention efforts targeting high risk college drinkers. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Psychology 2012

This thesis examines the lived experiences of young men, addressing their sexual health using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). It is known that young men do not access sexual health services in the same numbers as young women (Pearson, 2003a) and their masculinities are posited as a contributory factor to this. IPA was used to analyse data, collected using semi-structured interviews. Participants were young men, aged 16-20 years (n=7), recruited through local authority leisure centres; convenience sampling was used. Six semi-structured interviews were used as two participants were interviewed jointly. Interviews were conducted exclusively by the researcher, a young woman. The study aimed: • To discover young men’s lived experiences of addressing, or failing to address, their sexual health. • To discover young men’s experiences of negotiating masculinities, relating to their sexual health. Young men were found to have little knowledge of sexual health and sexually transmitted infections and asserted their wishes about sex over their partners. Women were characterised as the source of sexually transmitted infections and the young men sought to ‘protect’ themselves from their partners. However, contraception was seen as the preserve of women, despite unplanned pregnancy being a great concern for the young men. Young men’s ideals of masculinities often did not correspond to their personal ideals; in order to preserve their masculinities, the young men explained the compromises they made. In this way, they negotiated their masculinities with themselves and society. The study has contributed new knowledge and understanding about young men’s negotiation of their masculinities when considering their sexual health. A contribution to knowledge about methodology of interviewing young men has also been made, as the researcher was a young woman who was successful in eliciting rich data about a sensitive subject from young men.

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / Despite the rapid increase of HIV infections among South Africa’s adolescent population, many teenagers continue to pa ake in sexually risky behaviours. The between these variables. Placed within a quantitative framework, 123 “socioeconomically advantaged” Grade 11 and 12 learners (ages 16 to 19) from two randomly selected private schools in Cape Town completed four self-administered has been identified for HIV prevention programmes to be specifically designed to meet the needs of the target audience. It is, therefore, hoped that the results of this study can contribute positively towards the development of effective, target- rt theory of planned action accounts for the low correlation between information and behaviour by identifying the strong influence of behavioural intentions, attitudes towards the behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived control in determining behaviour change. This research project primarily aims to assess the levels of sexual risk-taking behaviours, HIV-related knowledge, beliefs, and religiosity of private school adolescents, as well as to determine the nature of the relationships questionnaires. The HIV-KQ-18 questionnaire measured HIV-related knowledge, the Sexual History Questionnaire (SHQ) assessed sexual risk behaviour, the Sexual Risk Behavior Beliefs and Self-Efficacy Scales (SRBBS) measured the effect of attitudes, norms, self-efficacy and barriers to condoms on sexual risk-taking and protective behaviour, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORF) assessed strength of religious beliefs. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlations and t-tests. Results showed that respondents engaged in lower levels of sexual risk-taking behaviour than those reported in South African literature from differing populations. A high level of HIV knowledge and reasonably high acceptance of safe-sex behaviours among respondents was also noted. No other significant differences were identified between this study and recent South African literature. The results of this study lend support to the relevance of the theory of planned behaviour. A strong need specific HIV-prevention programmes. / South Africa

In 2015, Peccadillo Pictures released the movie 'Chemsex', an 80-minute documentary about the experiences of gay, bisexual and queer male (GBQM) drug users in London-men whose lives have been impacted by chemsex, that is, the mixing of illicit drugs such as crystal methamphetamine, gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and mephedrone with 'risky' sex. The film has been described by the media as painting a bleak portrait of a 'subculture on the edge'-one that is fueled by both the heteronormative marginalization of GBQM and the popularity of online and mobile-based GBQM social networks. The release of 'Chemsex' was prompted by research that reveals increases in GBQM drug use-not only in London, but among GBQM in many gay ghettos throughout the world. Most of these studies emerge from disciplines outside criminology-for example, behavioral health, epidemiology and public health. These studies also describe GBQM drug users as existing within a subculture. Moreover, these studies also link GBQM drug use to external marginalization and or stigma related to sexual identity or HIV-seropositivity. Yet, rarely are the cultural dynamics of GBQM drug use fully explored. Neither do these studies address the fact that drug use-in most jurisdictions-is a crime. Cultural criminologists argue that crime, deviance and transgression are part of an ongoing process that is interwoven with the dynamics of culture and all of its attendant meanings. This thesis explores the cultural dynamics that may shape the meanings that underlie GBQM drug use-in particular, drug use that is facilitated and or expressed through cyberspace. This thesis conceptualizes the cultural dynamics of GBQM drug using three tenets that are central to cultural criminological inquiries: that crime and deviance and transgression are often related to marginalization and oppression; that these phenomena are often subcultural in nature; and, that subcultures cannot be studied apart from their mediated representations. Complementing this framework is a research design that employs virtual ethnography, instant ethnography, ethnographic content analysis and visual content analysis. Critical discourse analysis is also employed in an effort to analyze the underlying power differentials that are present in the mediated representations of GBQM drug use. Using these methods, I was able to participate in the activities and understandings of GBQM drug users who were situated in cyberspace. Using the theoretical framework that was constructed, I was then able to analyze and draw conclusions as to the cultural dynamics that underlie their activities, behaviors, language, norms, rituals and values. One of the key findings of this thesis was in the discovery of shared group drug injecting experiences that are constructed as temporary networks using Skype and other webcam conference call applications. Another finding concerns the sharing by GBQM of drug-themed photo content in mainstream and GBQM social networks. A third finding involves their sharing of drug-themed videos to Internet 'tube sites'.

The topic of my thesis is the issue of sexual activity among the pupils in senior grades at elementary schools. The main objective is to focus on the sexual behavior of children at elementary schools. Another goal is to find out about awareness of children in this isme as much. This thesis consists of two parts. The first theoretical part is mainly focused on the area of sexuality. There is also a chapter devoted to a sex education. It stresses the cooperation between school and family and there is individually discussed sex education and family education. In conclusion of the theoretical part the period of puberty, especially children's development during this period because of two aspects - physical and psychological. Second and also the main practical part is focused on analyzing data collected at two elementary schools. Data were collected in all classes in senior grades at two elementary schools. The questionnaire which I submitted contains several parts on various topics. The questions are focused mainly on sexual behavior of children, the awareness of children in this area, the family sex education and ultimately the school sex education.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:29:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-17. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:33:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000857316_20170630.pdf: 96923 bytes, checksum: 4ff0a13c235d7b6e47ef207265e6510f (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-06-30T13:45:01Z: 000857316_20170630.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-06-30T13:45:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000857316.pdf: 806596 bytes, checksum: e7e772e387667a2e4a07190935700b77 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-08-24T16:16:59Z: 000857316.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-08-24T16:17:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000857316.pdf: 806596 bytes, checksum: e7e772e387667a2e4a07190935700b77 (MD5) / Estima-se que no Brasil, desde 2000, a cada ano, um milhão de adolescentes, entre dez e vinte anos, dão a luz. A probabilidade de acontecer uma nova gestação na adolescência é alta, mais frequente em solteiras sem companheiro estável. A grande maioria das gestantes adolescentes possui baixa escolaridade e abandono escolar. Este estudo teve por objetivo geral analisar a reincidência da gravidez na adolescência, verificando os possíveis motivos que contribuem para a evasão escolar, buscando conhecer formas possíveis de contribuir para a reinserção das mães adolescentes na escola. A abordagem adotada para este estudo foi a análise documental. Participaram deste estudo quatro adolescentes, do sexo feminino, que foram atendidas pelo Serviço Público de Psicologia de uma maternidade municipal da cidade de Araraquara - SP/Brasil, no ano de 2012. Elas engravidaram mais de uma vez, e encontravam-se na faixa etária de catorze a dezenove anos, tendo em comum o fato de terem abandonado a escola. O material analisado foi composto pelo questionário socioeconômico e pela análise de um diário documental, produzido pelas adolescentes. A análise contou com temáticas do diário documental: infância, adolescência, maternidade, primeira gestação, vivência escolar, a escola após a primeira gestação, a escola a partir da segunda gestação, o retorno à escola, expectativas profissionais e laborais, família e recursos de apoio social e escolar. Dentre os principais resultados destacam-se as repercussões psicossociais e educacionais da gravidez na adolescência e a reincidência da gravidez. Ressalta-se a importância das redes de apoio (família e escola) para auxiliar a mãe adolescente. As escolas não desenvolvem programas de prevenção e educação sexual, bem como programas de intervenção para acolher as mães adolescentes, e assim evitar a evasão escolar. O estudo sugere programas de intervenção aliados com as Secretarias... / It is estimated that in Brazil since 2000, each year, one million adolescents between ten and twenty years old, give birth. The probability of occurring a new teenage pregnancy is high, more frequent in no single stable mate. The vast majority of pregnant adolescents have low education and school dropout. This study analyzes the general recurrence of teen pregnancy by checking the possible reasons contributing to truancy seeking for possible ways to contribute to the reintegration of teenage mothers in school. The approach adopted for this study was the analysis of documents. The study included four teenagers, female, treated by the Psychology of Public Service of a municipal maternity of Araraquara - SP / Brazil, in 2012. They became pregnant more than once, and were in the age group fourteen to nineteen, having in common the fact that they left school. The analyzed material was composed of the socioeconomic questionnaire and the analysis of a documentary journal, produced by adolescents. The analysis included themes of documentary diary: childhood, adolescence, motherhood, first pregnancy, school life, the school after the first pregnancy, the school from the second pregnancy, the return to school, professional and labor expectations, family and resources social and educational support. Among the main results, we highlight the psychosocial and educational consequences of teenage pregnancy and the recurrence of pregnancy. We emphasize the importance of support networks (family and school) to help teenage mothers. Schools do not develop prevention programs, sex education, and intervention programs to accommodate teenage mothers, and so avoid truancy. The study suggests intervention programs allied with the Departments of Health and Education, to develop sex education of adolescents / Se estima que en Brasil desde 2000, cada año, un millón de adolescentes de entre diez y veinte años de edad, dio a luz. La probabilidad de que ocurra un nuevo embarazo en la adolescencia es alta, más frecuente en solteras sin compañero La gran mayoría de adolescentes embarazadas tienen bajo nivel educativo y la deserción escolar. Este estudio analiza la recurrencia general de embarazo adolescente mediante la comprobación de las posibles razones que contribuyen al absentismo escolar que buscan posibles maneras de contribuir a la reintegración de las madres adolescentes en la escuela. El enfoque adoptado para este estudio fue el análisis de documentos. El estudio incluyó a cuatro adolescentes, mujeres, acompañadas por el departamento de Psicología de un Hospital Público, una maternidad municipal de Araraquara - SP / Brasil, en 2012. Ellas se embarazaron más de una vez, y se encontraban en la edad de catorce a diez y nueve años, tienen en común el hecho de que dejaron la escuela. El material analizado estaba compuesto por el cuestionario socioeconómico y el análisis de un diario documental, escrito por ellas. El análisis incluyó categorías del diario documental: la infancia, la adolescencia, la maternidad, el primer embarazo, la vida escolar, la escuela después del primer embarazo, la escuela a partir del segundo embarazo, el regreso a la escuela, recursos expectativas profesionales y laborales, familiares y apoyo social y educativo. Entre los principales resultados se destacan las consecuencias psicosociales y educativas de los embarazos en la adolescencia y la reincidencia de embarazo. Damos destaque a la importancia de las redes de apoyo (familia y escuela) para ayudar a las madres adolescentes. Las escuelas no desarrollan programas de prevención y programas de educación e intervención sobre educación sexual para dar apoyo a las madres adolescentes, y así evitar la deserción escolar. El estudio sugiere...

This thesis is about influences on young people's sexual risk taking. It is situated within a complex context of young people's sustained structural/self-sexualisation, significant sexual activity, unwanted outcomes such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), intended benefits such as pleasure, and recurrent interventionists' promotion of abstinence-until-marriage sexual norm to young people. The above conceptualization is tested with a mixed-methodology that recruited fifty-six students with a snowball sampling technique. McCracken's long-interview and Stones' empirical research brackets for structuration theory facilitated narrative data collection, which were subjected to structural-hermeneutic analysis. Respondents identified four broad influences on their dominantly heterosexual behaviour. They include external influences (mass media), internal influences (positive pre-dispositions to premarital sex), agency (purposeful sexual action), and (un)intended outcome (STI and pleasure). Respondents emphasize that influences are non-hierarchical, differentially combine, and are dependent on individuals, contexts and seasons. They also infer the Nigerian context concurrently constrain and enable their sexual conducts via three normative sexual behaviour options. These are (1) the dominant Nigerian culture promoted abstinence-until-marriage. (2) Modernity sanctioned safer-sex with contraceptives. (3) Collective/individuated preference for unprotected premarital sex, periodic abstinence and contraceptive use. Respondents admit they practise the latter, which is a hybridization of option (1) and (2) and is illustrative of the co-influence of structure and agency on action. The conclusion is drawn that sexual risk taking is influenced by young people's concurrent structural/self sexualisation and their pursuit of contextual, personal and collectively meaningfial goals. Consequently, dominant linear conceptualizations of sexual risk taking, e.g. problem behaviour, will continue to be limited in effectiveness because they neglect these complex, recursive and interrelated influences. Thus, pragmatic efforts to manage risk-prone sexualities must concurrently engage their complex structural and agential sources, governed by safer-sex promotion, a recognition of multiple influences and individuated/collective value that both society and young people attach to sex.

Orientador: Célia Regina Rossi / Banca: Andreza Marques Leão / Banca: Vera Márcia Marques Santos / Resumo: Estima-se que no Brasil, desde 2000, a cada ano, um milhão de adolescentes, entre dez e vinte anos, dão a luz. A probabilidade de acontecer uma nova gestação na adolescência é alta, mais frequente em solteiras sem companheiro estável. A grande maioria das gestantes adolescentes possui baixa escolaridade e abandono escolar. Este estudo teve por objetivo geral analisar a reincidência da gravidez na adolescência, verificando os possíveis motivos que contribuem para a evasão escolar, buscando conhecer formas possíveis de contribuir para a reinserção das mães adolescentes na escola. A abordagem adotada para este estudo foi a análise documental. Participaram deste estudo quatro adolescentes, do sexo feminino, que foram atendidas pelo Serviço Público de Psicologia de uma maternidade municipal da cidade de Araraquara - SP/Brasil, no ano de 2012. Elas engravidaram mais de uma vez, e encontravam-se na faixa etária de catorze a dezenove anos, tendo em comum o fato de terem abandonado a escola. O material analisado foi composto pelo questionário socioeconômico e pela análise de um diário documental, produzido pelas adolescentes. A análise contou com temáticas do diário documental: infância, adolescência, maternidade, primeira gestação, vivência escolar, a escola após a primeira gestação, a escola a partir da segunda gestação, o retorno à escola, expectativas profissionais e laborais, família e recursos de apoio social e escolar. Dentre os principais resultados destacam-se as repercussões psicossociais e educacionais da gravidez na adolescência e a reincidência da gravidez. Ressalta-se a importância das redes de apoio (família e escola) para auxiliar a mãe adolescente. As escolas não desenvolvem programas de prevenção e educação sexual, bem como programas de intervenção para acolher as mães adolescentes, e assim evitar a evasão escolar. O estudo sugere programas de intervenção aliados com as Secretarias... / Abstract: It is estimated that in Brazil since 2000, each year, one million adolescents between ten and twenty years old, give birth. The probability of occurring a new teenage pregnancy is high, more frequent in no single stable mate. The vast majority of pregnant adolescents have low education and school dropout. This study analyzes the general recurrence of teen pregnancy by checking the possible reasons contributing to truancy seeking for possible ways to contribute to the reintegration of teenage mothers in school. The approach adopted for this study was the analysis of documents. The study included four teenagers, female, treated by the Psychology of Public Service of a municipal maternity of Araraquara - SP / Brazil, in 2012. They became pregnant more than once, and were in the age group fourteen to nineteen, having in common the fact that they left school. The analyzed material was composed of the socioeconomic questionnaire and the analysis of a documentary journal, produced by adolescents. The analysis included themes of documentary diary: childhood, adolescence, motherhood, first pregnancy, school life, the school after the first pregnancy, the school from the second pregnancy, the return to school, professional and labor expectations, family and resources social and educational support. Among the main results, we highlight the psychosocial and educational consequences of teenage pregnancy and the recurrence of pregnancy. We emphasize the importance of support networks (family and school) to help teenage mothers. Schools do not develop prevention programs, sex education, and intervention programs to accommodate teenage mothers, and so avoid truancy. The study suggests intervention programs allied with the Departments of Health and Education, to develop sex education of adolescents / Resumen: Se estima que en Brasil desde 2000, cada año, un millón de adolescentes de entre diez y veinte años de edad, dio a luz. La probabilidad de que ocurra un nuevo embarazo en la adolescencia es alta, más frecuente en solteras sin compañero La gran mayoría de adolescentes embarazadas tienen bajo nivel educativo y la deserción escolar. Este estudio analiza la recurrencia general de embarazo adolescente mediante la comprobación de las posibles razones que contribuyen al absentismo escolar que buscan posibles maneras de contribuir a la reintegración de las madres adolescentes en la escuela. El enfoque adoptado para este estudio fue el análisis de documentos. El estudio incluyó a cuatro adolescentes, mujeres, acompañadas por el departamento de Psicología de un Hospital Público, una maternidad municipal de Araraquara - SP / Brasil, en 2012. Ellas se embarazaron más de una vez, y se encontraban en la edad de catorce a diez y nueve años, tienen en común el hecho de que dejaron la escuela. El material analizado estaba compuesto por el cuestionario socioeconómico y el análisis de un diario documental, escrito por ellas. El análisis incluyó categorías del diario documental: la infancia, la adolescencia, la maternidad, el primer embarazo, la vida escolar, la escuela después del primer embarazo, la escuela a partir del segundo embarazo, el regreso a la escuela, recursos expectativas profesionales y laborales, familiares y apoyo social y educativo. Entre los principales resultados se destacan las consecuencias psicosociales y educativas de los embarazos en la adolescencia y la reincidencia de embarazo. Damos destaque a la importancia de las redes de apoyo (familia y escuela) para ayudar a las madres adolescentes. Las escuelas no desarrollan programas de prevención y programas de educación e intervención sobre educación sexual para dar apoyo a las madres adolescentes, y así evitar la deserción escolar. El estudio sugiere... / Mestre