A nonlinear finite element analysis was performed for an existing road bridge in order to see if that could show a higher load bearing capacity, as an alternative to repairing or replacing. The regular linear analysis had shown that the bridge could not take any traffic load due to the effects from large and uneven support settlements. It is a five-span reinforced concrete bridge with a continuous slab on supports made out of rows of columns. The width-to-span ratio was around 1 and the supports were angled up to about 30°, giving rise to a complex three-dimensional behaviour, which was seen and studied in the nonlinear results. Since the bending moment was the limiting factor, the nonlinear analysis focused on that. The direct result was that the load bearing capacity was 730 kN for the traffic vehicle boogie load, B, in the ultimate limit state. This was however only for the load case tested, and several more disadvantageous vehicle positions may exist. Other aspects also became limiting, as the maximum allowed vertical deflection in the serviceability limit state was reached at 457 kN. The most restraining though, was the shear capacity from the linear analysis; 78 kN, since it was not possible to simulate that type of failure with the shell elements used in the nonlinear finite element analysis. The main aim of the thesis was nonetheless reached, since the nonlinear analysis was able to show a significant increase in load bearing capacity.  A comparison was made with the settlements for the nonlinear case, to see how much influence they had on the load bearing capacity for traffic load. This was performed for both the bridge and a simple two-span beam. Both showed that there was no effect on the load bearing capacity in the ultimate limit. One thing to note was that the full settlements were applied, and with no relaxation due to creep.  Another aim of the thesis was to make comments on the practical usability of the nonlinear finite element method in load bearing capacity assessments. A linear analysis was performed before the nonlinear in order to be able to determine the load case to be used in the latter. This worked well, as the strengths of the two methods could then be utilized. Convergence problems were however encountered for the nonlinear when using the regular static solver. Due to this, the dynamic explicit calculation scheme was used instead, treating the case as quasi-static. This managed to produce enough usable results. It was concluded that the nonlinear finite element method is useable for assessment calculations, but that its strengths and weaknesses must be known in order to make it an efficient method.

A nonlinear finite element analysis was performed for an existing road bridge in order to see if that could show a higher load bearing capacity, as an alternative to repairing or replacing. The regular linear analysis had shown that the bridge could not take any traffic load due to the effects from large and uneven support settlements. It is a five-span reinforced concrete bridge with a continuous slab on supports made out of rows of columns. The width-to-span ratio was around 1 and the supports were angled up to about 30°, giving rise to a complex three-dimensional behaviour, which was seen and studied in the nonlinear results. Since the bending moment was the limiting factor, the nonlinear analysis focused on that. The direct result was that the load bearing capacity was 730 kN for the traffic vehicle boogie load, B, in the ultimate limit state. This was however only for the load case tested, and several more disadvantageous vehicle positions may exist. Other aspects also became limiting, as the maximum allowed vertical deflection in the serviceability limit state was reached at 457 kN. The most restraining though, was the shear capacity from the linear analysis; 78 kN, since it was not possible to simulate that type of failure with the shell elements used in the nonlinear finite element analysis. The main aim of the thesis was nonetheless reached, since the nonlinear analysis was able to show a significant increase in load bearing capacity. A comparison was made with the settlements for the nonlinear case, to see how much influence they had on the load bearing capacity for traffic load. This was performed for both the bridge and a simple two-span beam. Both showed that there was no effect on the load bearing capacity in the ultimate limit. One thing to note was that the full settlements were applied, and with no relaxation due to creep. Another aim of the thesis was to make comments on the practical usability of the nonlinear finite element method in load bearing capacity assessments. A linear analysis was performed before the nonlinear in order to be able to determine the load case to be used in the latter. This worked well, as the strengths of the two methods could then be utilized. Convergence problems were however encountered for the nonlinear when using the regular static solver. Due to this, the dynamic explicit calculation scheme was used instead, treating the case as quasi-static. This managed to produce enough usable results. It was concluded that the nonlinear finite element method is useable for assessment calculations, but that its strengths and weaknesses must be known in order to make it an efficient method.

Orientador: Ulisses Rocha Antuniassi / Resumo: Para uma aplicação de pesticidas com qualidade e segurança, é necessário a escolha adequada da ponta de pulverização, espectro de gotas e volume de calda. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a interação entre os formatos dos jatos de pulverização, com espectro de gotas similares e volumes de calda na cobertura nas folhas de soja. A pesquisa foi realizada na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UNESP/Botucatu e na Fazenda Fiorelli, Tejupá/SP. Para verificar se as pontas de pulverização utilizadas no ensaio possuíam o espectro de gotas similares, foi realizado um pré-ensaio, através da análise do espectro de gotas no analisador de partículas por imagem e em tempo real VisiSize Portable (Oxford Lasers Ltd/UK). A avaliação de cobertura das folhas foi conduzida em dois esquemas fatoriais 3x2, sendo um esquema fatorial utilizando as folhas do extrato superior da planta e outro no extrato médio/inferior e o delineamento em blocos casualisados, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por três pontas de pulverização com formato do jato plano, jato plano duplo e jato plano angulado e dois volumes de caldas (100 e 200 L ha-1), na pressão de trabalho de 200 kPa. As caldas de pulverização foram preparadas utilizando o fungicida Sphere Max®, Aureo® e o corante Luxcor LRM 100. Para a avaliação da cobertura das folhas foram realizadas as aplicações no estádio R1 da soja, utilizando o pulverizador Columbia AD18, com velocidade de deslocamento de 7,8 e 3,9 km h-1 para os volumes ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: For a pesticide application with quality and safety, it is necessary to choose the correctly spray nozzle, droplet spectrum and volume of spray solution. The aim of this research was to evaluate interaction between the spray nozzles shaped, with a similar droplet spectrum and volume of spray solution in the coverage in soybean leaves. The research was perform in the Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP/Botucatu and at Fazenda Fiorelli, Tejupá/SP. To verify if the nozzles used in the experiment had a similar droplet spectrum was carry out a pre-test, through the analysis of the droplet spectrum using the VisiSize Portable real-time particle analyzer. The evaluation of leaves coverage was conducted in two 3x2 factorial schemes, one factorial scheme using the leaves of the upper portion of a plant canopy and another in the medium/lower portion of a plant canopy and was use randomized block design, with five replications. The treatments consisted of three spray nozzles with different shaped: pre-orifice low drift flat fan, pre-orifice low drift double flat fan and angled flat fan and two volume of spray solution (100 and 200 L ha-1), at a working pressure of 200 kPa. The spray solutions were prepared using the mixture with Sphere Max® fungicide, Aureo® and Luxcor LRM 100 dye. For the evaluation of the leaves coverage, the applications were perform at the soybean R1 stage, using the Columbia AD18 sprayer, with the spray velocity of 7.8 and 3.9 km h-1 for the volume of spray s... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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Vattenkraftverk och dammar utgör vandringshinder både vid upp- och nedströmsvandring för flertalet fiskarter. En åtgärd för att minska vandringshindrens negativa påverkan på migrerande arter är att anlägga fiskpassager som underlättar upp- och nedströmspassage. Galleravledare med flyktöppning är en åtgärd som syftar till att hindra nedströmsvandrande smolt från att simma in i vattenkraftverksturbiner och riskera förhöjd dödlighet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka funktionen av en galleravledare med tillhörande flyktväg till en naturfåra vid Strömsbro kraftverk i Testeboån. Med hjälp akustisk telemetri undersöktes laxsmoltens vägval vid galleravledaren, dess överlevnad vid passage via naturfåran respektive genom kraftverkets turbiner samt skillnaden i tidsåtgång mellan dessa passagealternativ. Totalt märktes 60 smolt med sändare i mitten av maj 2022. Tio mottagare placerades ut på drygt 5 km av Testeboåns nedersta del. Hög dödlighet (45%) från utsläppsplatsen till kraftverket resulterade i att endast 30 individer inkluderades i studien. Resultatet visade, likt tidigare undersökningar vid Strömsbro kraftverk, att majoriteten (2/3) av smolten simmar genom kraftverket.Ingen dödlighet observerades för smolt som passerade via naturfåran medan dödligheten var 25% för smolten som passerade genom kraftverket. Av de smolt som nådde fram till Strömsbro kraftverk tog sig 64% till Testeboåns mynning, vilket motsvarade totalt 35% av den märkta smolten. Tidsåtgången var betydligt högre i naturfåran jämfört med kraftverket, vilket visar på fördröjning för smolt som passerar Strömsbro kraftverk via naturfåran. Resultaten antyder en dålig funktion av galleravledaren vid Strömsbro kraftverk med förhöjd dödlighet som följd. En orsak kan vara utformningen av galleravledaren. Vidare undersökning av möjligheterna för en förbättrad funktion av galleravledaren vid Strömsbro kraftverk bör vidtas. / Hydropower plants and weirs serve as barriers for both up- and downstream migration for multiple species. To minimize the negative impacts of barriers on migrating fish species, fish passages are constructed to allow for upstream and downstream passage. Angled bar racks together with a bypass are a solution that are meant to lead fish away from the power plants intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of an angled bar rack with bypass leading to the old riverbed at Strömsbro hydropower plant in Testeboån River, Sweden. Acoustic telemetry was used to investigate Atlantic salmon smolts passage efficiency at the angle bar rack and subsequent path choice. It was also used to evaluate mortality for both the old riverbed and the passage through the power plant, as well as the difference in time between the two passages. 60 smolts were marked with acoustic transmitters in May 2022 and ten acoustic receivers were placed over the lower 5 km in Testeboån River to evaluate their migration. High mortality (45%) from the release site to the power plant resulted in only 30 individuals being used for the evaluation. The result showed, like former studies at Strömsbro, that the majority (2/3) of the smolt passed through the angled rack and through the power plants intake. There was no mortality for the old riverbed and 25% for the passage through the power plant. Overall, the success of downstream migration past Strömsbro power plant was 35% of marked smolts and 64% of the individuals reaching Strömsbro power plant. Smolt passage took longer through the old riverbed in comparison to the passage through the power plant, which shows some delay for smolts passing Strömsbro power plant through the old riverbed. The result implies low efficiency of the angled bar rack at Strömsbro power plant, leading to increased mortality. The design of the angled rack might be one reason for this. Further investigation about the possibilities to increase the efficiency of the angled rack at Strömsbro power plant should be considered.

Cette thèse a pour objet l’étude des automorphismes des groupes d’Artin à angles droits. Etant donné un graphe simple fini G, le groupe d’Artin à angles droits GG associé à G est le groupe défini par la présentation dont les générateurs sont les sommets de G, et dont les relateurs sont les commutateurs [v,w], où {v,w} est une paire de sommets adjacents. Le premier chapitre est conçu comme une introduction générale à la théorie des groupes d’Artin à angles droits et de leurs automorphismes. Dans un deuxième chapitre, on démontre que tout sous-groupe sous-normal d’indice une puissance de p d’un groupe d’Artin à angles droits est résiduellement p-séparable. Comme application de ce résultat, on montre que tout groupe d’Artin à angles droits est résiduellement séparable dans la classe des groupes nilpotents sans torsion. Une autre application de ce résultat est que le groupe des automorphismes extérieurs d’un groupe d’Artin à angles droits est virtuellement résiduellement p-fini. On montre également que le groupe de Torelli d’un groupe d’Artin à angles droits est résiduellement nilpotent sans torsion, et, par suite, résiduellement p-fini et bi-ordonnable. Dans un troisième chapitre, on établit une présentation du sous-groupe Conj(GG) deAut(GG) formé des automorphismes qui envoient chaque générateur sur un conjugué de lui-même / The purpose of this thesis is to study the automorphisms of right-angled Artin groups. Given a finite simplicial graph G, the right-angled Artin group GG associated to G is the group defined by the presentation whose generators are the vertices of G, and whose relators are commuta-tors of pairs of adjacent vertices. The first chapter is intended as a general introduction to the theory of right-angled Artin groups and their automor-phisms. In a second chapter, we prove that every subnormal subgroup ofp-power index in a right-angled Artin group is conjugacy p-separable. As an application, we prove that every right-angled Artin group is conjugacy separable in the class of torsion-free nilpotent groups. As another applica-tion, we prove that the outer automorphism group of a right-angled Artin group is virtually residually p-finite. We also prove that the Torelli group ofa right-angled Artin group is residually torsion-free nilpotent, hence residu-ally p-finite and bi-orderable. In a third chapter, we give a presentation of the subgroup Conj(GG) of Aut(GG) consisting of the automorphisms thats end each generator to a conjugate of itself

The aim of this diploma thesis is reconstruction design of Húskova Street in Brno, which is located in Černovice district. Static traffic, cycling and movement of pedestrians will be solved within reconstruction. The project was processed in four variant solutions. Variant A is emphasised on maximal number of parking space in draft form 45° angled parking driving ahead, variant B takes into account existing condition, the number of parking space and cycling, variant C leaves current status and adjustment consists of marking by horizontal road marking, in variant D is once again effort for maximal number of parking space, but with driving to the place by reversing. Evaluation of variants was done and variant B was chosen for detailed processing

Diploma thesis in general is about the basic standard for designing parking places, which is ČSN 73 6056 Parking areas for road vehicles. The aim of thesis was to find parameters to be updated since last version of standard in 2011. The basic step to reach this goal is detailed study of current standard, the standard before 2011 and other European standards. Parameters to upgrade could be size of design vehicle and some types of parking spaces. All results of analysis used for finding parameters to be changed are engaged in annexes of thesis.

The subject of this thesis is solving the problems of transport in the city of Brno - Medlánky. In particular the traffic calming, optimization of width configuration, solve the static traffic etc., towards sustainable transport security. The objective of optimization is to improve the quality of life settlements in the city of Brno - Medlánky

This master’s thesis deals with the obtuse-angled cone crushers especially about design of the individual parts of the adjustment mechanism. Most space is devoted to functional calculation and subsequent technical construction of the new design of obtuse-angled crusher where the output setting is adjusted using the motion thread and hydraulic locking system for compensating the thread clearance. The parameters are chosen with regard to the already established older types of cone crushers produced by PSP Engineering, a.s. An inseparable part is the calculation verifying the functionality of the motion thread and gearing. Another essential part of this work are stress analysis of the slot adjusting mechanism design using finite element method and considering two states - adjusting of the slot and crushing itself.