The objectives of this study were: (1) to estimate the effects of certain non-genetic sources of variation in weight, gnde, and condition of beef cows; (2) to estimate the heritability of weight, grade. and condition of beef cows; and (3) to estimate the genetic, phenot;rpic, and environmental correlations between weight, grade, and condition of beef cows. Weights, grades., and condition scores taken on 1371 Angus cows were used to evaluate the genetic and environmental nature of these traits. This sample of cows represented 365 sire groups. Four models were used in this study: 1. Model A - Cow weight and grade were considered dependent variables; herds and sires within herds were considered random independent variables; and season, age, condition, nursing status, and their interactions were considered fixed independent variables. Least-squares procedures involving Henderson's (1953) Method II were used to adjust tor fixed effects and to obtain variance and covax-iance components. Heritability estimate and correlation coefficients were obtained by paternal half-sib analysis. 2. Model B differed from Model A in that condition 3 score was considered a dependent variable instead of an independent variable. 3. Model C was the same as Model A except that the coefficients (kₒ and k₂) for the within sire (σw²) component of variance included in the among sire and herd adjusted expected mean squares (EMS) were considered unity whereas as in Model A they were calculated according to Method II of Henderson. 4. Model D - Heritability estimates were computed by doubling the estimate of intra-sire regression of offspring on dam from 198 dam-daughter pairs representing 63 sire groups. The dam-daughter pairs were part of the group or 1371 cows. The results of this study indicated that season, age, condition score, nursing status, and age by nursing status remain significant when condition score was not considered as a fixed environmental effect (Model B). However, a comparison of the magnitude of the mean squares for these effects in Models A and B indicated that season, age, and nursing status are highly confounded with condition score. Season and flesh condition were found to have a significant effect on grade of beef cows when they were included in the same model (Model A). When condition score was not included (Model B) age had a significant effect on grade. Age, season, and nursing status were found to have a significant effect on flesh condition (Model B). Paternal half-sib heritability estimates for cow weight using Models A, B, and C were 0.38 ± 0.11, 0.29 ± 0.11, and 0.56.± 0.11, respectively. Estimates for grade from the same models were 0.49 ± 0.11, 0.43 ± 0.11, and 0.67 ±0.12, in that order. Estimates from Model A should be the most reliable. The differences in the estimates from Models A, B, and C, illustrate that variation in heritability estimates is not entirely due to genetic differences. Considerable variation can occur depending on how much adjustment has been made to fixed effects, and the methods used in estimating the variance and covariance components. The heritability estimates of cow weight and grade obtained by intra-sire regression of offspring on dam were 0.22 ± 0.14 and 0.10 ± 0.06, respectively. The paternal half-sib heritability estimate for condition score was 0.31 ± 0.11, which implies that adjusting cow weights and grades for condition may actually involve adjusting for genetic differences as well as differences due to environmental influences. The correlation between weight and grade or beef oowe was found to be largely genetic whereas the correlation between condition and cow weight or grade was primarily environmental. / Ph. D.

Part 1 of this thesis comprises a biography which, for the first time, places Marion Angus within her historical, family and social context. A version of this was published as the introduction to my edited collection The Singin Lass: Selected Work of Marion Angus (Polygon, 2006). Assumptions made about the poet's activities and attitudes derive from critical reading of archival material: her published 'diaries', letters and prose, as well as her poetry. The appraisal of her work places it within literary contexts. The development of her linguistic awareness of the Scots language is traced and the extent of her commitment to it noted. I conclude that assessment of her work has frequently been affected by erroneous judgements about her lifestyle and that the poetry, which has greater depth than it sometimes is given credit for, illuminates her struggle rather than defines her character. Her strength and resilience, as well as her contribution to Scots literature, should be respected and admired. Part II comprises three extracts from Blackthorn, a novel based on aspects of the life and work of Marion Angus. My starting point was the marked contrast between her earlier prose and her later poetry. This, I believe, reflects an actual family crisis which is central to my narrative. The extracts presented here (dated 1900, 1930 and 1945-46) present a credible alternative to inaccurate assumptions which were made about her life. I explore two actual significant relationships in her life: with a sister who becomes wholly dependent on her, and with a younger friend who looks after her in her final year. In the absence of any firm evidence of lovers, I speculate on other relationships.

The present study was a longitudinal analysis of the information needs of Red Angus cattle breeders and their use of networked information services. It was based on two surveys. The first, conducted in 1995--96, polled all 1067 ranches of the Red Angus Association of America. Responses from 192 Red Angus breeders were used to determine the value of different information types and to evaluate perceptions of the greatest barriers to the adoption of network information services. The second survey, mailed to 41 Red Angus breeders in 1998, focused on early adopters and likely users of network services. Responses from 15 breeders were used to evaluate perceptions of the greatest barriers to the effective use of Web-based information services.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-52). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth and reproductive development of beef heifers from 10 to 14 months of age in three food systems. Ryegrass pasture exclusively (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) or on pasture and receiving rice bran (0.8% of body weight) with or without ionophore. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with repeated measures, three food systems and nine replications, each animal considered an experimental unit. Body weight gain, body condition score and weight:height ratio (kg:cm) of heifers that received more ionophore rice bran were higher than those observed for heifers exclusively on ryegrass or receiving rice bran without ionophore. Regardless of the food system had hip height and pelvic area similar. Heifers that received rice bran with or without ionophore had higher reproductive tract score (RTS) that heifers exclusively on ryegrass. Heifers that received rice bran as a supplement with or without ionophore, the initial body weight of heifers was that best explained the variation in RTS, while the average daily gain of heifers on ryegrass exclusively explained the variation in RTS. / O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento reprodutivo de bezerras de corte dos 10 aos 14 meses em três sistemas alimentares, exclusivamente em pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) ou em pastagem e recebendo farelo de arroz integral (FAI) com ou sem adição de ionóforo. A quantidade diária de FAI correspondeu a 0,8% do peso corporal. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo, três sistemas alimentares e nove repetições, sendo cada animal considerado uma unidade experimental. O peso corporal, ganho de escore de condição corporal e de relação peso:altura (kg:cm) de bezerras que receberam FAI mais ionóforo foram superiores aos observados por bezerras exclusivamente em azevém ou recebendo FAI sem adição de ionóforo. Independente do sistema alimentar as bezerras apresentaram altura de garupa e área pélvica similar. Bezerras que receberam FAI com ou sem ionóforo apresentaram maior escore de trato reprodutivo (ETR) que bezerras exclusivamente em azevém. Para bezerras que receberam FAI como suplemento com ou sem adição de ionóforo, o peso corporal inicial foi que melhor explicou a variação em ETR, enquanto o ganho médio diário das bezerras exclusivamente em azevém explicou a variação em ETR.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The forage intake was evaluated in beef heifers at grazing exclusive ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) or receiving rice bran, with and without ionophore. We used the method of continuous grazing with variable number of animals. Rice bran in the proportion of 0.80% of body weight, was administered daily at 14 hours and showed levels of 13.80% crude protein (CP), 25.79% of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 12.45% ether extract (EE). The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures over time.Was used chromic oxide as a fecal production indicator. The dry matter intake was estimated using the technique of chromium oxide as an indicator of fecal output. The beef heifers grazing exclusively on pasture intake had a similar those receiving rice bran with or without monensin (2.63% of the BW in DM). The highest total dry matter intake was observed in heifers remained in ryegrass and received rice bran with addition of ionophore (3.42% of the BW in DM), intermediate in heifers that received rice bran (3.26% of the BW in DM) and remained lower in heifers grazing ryegrass (2.82% of the BW in DM). Average daily gain was higher for beef heifers receiving ionophore added to rice bran. The stocking rate was similar between food systems tested. / O consumo de forragem foi avaliado em novilhas de corte exclusivamente em pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) ou recebendo farelo de arroz integral, com e sem ionóforo. Foi utilizado o método de pastejo contínuo com número variável de animais. O farelo de arroz, na proporção de 0,80% do peso corporal,foi ministrado diariamente às 14 horas e apresentou teores de 13,80% de proteína bruta (PB), 25,79% de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e 12,45% de extrato etéreo (EE). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo e foram estudadas variáveis do pasto e dos animais. O consumo de matéria seca foi estimado por meio de técnica do óxido de cromo como indicador da produção fecal. As novilhas exclusivamente em pastejo tiveram um consumo de pasto semelhante as que receberam farelo de arroz integral com ou sem monensina (2,63% do PC em MS). O maior consumo de matéria seca total foi observado nas novilhas que permaneceram em azevém e receberam farelo de arroz integral com adição de ionóforo (3,42% do PC em MS), intermediário nas novilhas que receberam farelo de arroz integral (3,26% do PC em MS) e inferior nas novilhas que permaneceram em pastagem de azevém (2,82% do PC em MS). O ganho médio diário foi superior para novilhas que receberam ionóforo adicionado ao farelo de arroz integral. A taxa de lotação foi semelhante entre os sistemas alimentares testados.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Performance of beef heifers grazing ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was studied exclusively with animals grazing, receiving grain corn, or whole oat grain at the level of 0.93% of body weight. The supplement was offered daily at 14 hours. The grazing was continuous with a variable number of animals. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measures, three feeding systems and nine replicates, each animal being considered an experimental unit. Supplementation with or without use of corn or oat grazing ryegrass reproductive development allows for the heifers are bred at 14 months of age. / Foi estudado o desempenho de novilhas de corte em pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), com animais exclusivamente em pastejo ou recebendo grão de milho inteiro ou grão de aveia branca em nível de 0,93% do peso corporal. O suplemento foi ofertado de segunda-feira à sábado às 14 horas. O método de pastejo foi contínuo com número variável de animais. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo, três sistemas alimentares e nove repetições, sendo cada animal considerado uma unidade experimental. A utilização da pastagem de azevém, com ou sem uso de grão de milho ou aveia como suplemento, possibilita desenvolvimento reprodutivo para que as novilhas sejam acasaladas aos 14 meses de idade.

Orientadores: Paula Regina Kuser Falcão, Adhemar Zerlotini Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T05:46:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nagai_LuisAugustoEijy_M.pdf: 9861948 bytes, checksum: a64a8aaaf5e43919029e865524c0a73c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A carne bovina é um dos principais produtos que o Brasil comercializa no mercado internacional. Atualmente, o Brasil é líder nas exportações e tem o objetivo de melhorar sua produção para aumentar a competitividade. A carne bovina é consumida em várias partes do mundo e é uma das principais fontes de proteínas e vitaminas para o homem. A publicação em 2009 do genoma bovino, proveniente de um animal da subespécie Bos taurus taurus, beneficiou os estudos de caracterização de mecanismos moleculares responsáveis por características de interesse. Dentre várias características, a maciez da carne é considerada o atributo mais importante. As raças zebuínas, principalmente Nelore (Bos taurus indicus), possuem grande aceitação na pecuária de corte brasileira e adaptabilidade ao território, porém apresentam menor produtividade e qualidade da carne, em relação às raças taurinas como Angus (B. taurus taurus). Assim, o interesse pela identificação de genes relacionados com a qualidade da carne bovina justifica o investimento em pesquisas genéticas, moleculares e bioquímicas. As novas tecnologias de sequenciamento de alto rendimento promoveram um grande avanço nas pesquisas de avaliação da expressão de genes, aliada às novas ferramentas computacionais e o poder de processamento de dados. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar genes diferencialmente expressos no tecido muscular de animais das raças Angus e Nelore, para elucidar os mecanismos genéticos envolvidos com maciez da carne. Para realizar este estudo foram utilizados 10 bovinos da raça Angus e 8 bovinos Nelore, a partir de um rebanho de 50 touros de cada raça, selecionados pelos extremos no resultado do teste de força de cisalhamento. Ao todo, 313 milhões de fragmentos de 100 pares de bases foram gerados em Illumina HiScanSQ paired end. Ao longo desse estudo, foi também avaliada a utilização de sequências originais e filtradas por qualidade para estimar a eficácia das ferramentas atuais ao trabalhar com sequências que comumente são trimadas. As sequências foram mapeadas no genoma bovino utilizando Tophat2 e a biblioteca edgeR foi utilizada na análise estatística para a identificação de expressão diferencial. Os resultados encontrados nos animais Angus, com sequências não filtradas, se mostraram mais semelhantes com o que tem sido observado em trabalhos relacionados à maciez da carne, os quais indicam o envolvimento da via de metabolismo de lipídeos no mecanismo de maciez. Contudo, os dados de Angus e Nelore possibilitaram a identificação de processos de resposta imune e inflamatórias, que poderiam ter sido influenciados por fatores externos pré abate / Abstract: Brazil is one of the largest beef exporters in the world, and beef quality is a major subject of research. The goal of this research is to improve the quality and productivity of Brazilian livestock. Beef is also an important source of protein and vitamins in human nutrition. Publication of The Bos taurus genome in 2009 has contributed to studies on the characterization of molecular mechanisms responsible for traits of interest, however, much remains to be determined. Among the many traits of interest, meat tenderness is the most important measured attribute. The Zebu breeds, particularly Nelore (Bos taurus indicus), have wide acceptance in the Brazilian market, and they are well adapted to tropical conditions. Nevertheless, Zebu cattle have lower productivity and beef quality when compared to Taurine breeds, such as Angus (Bos taurus taurus). The global market interest in the identification of genes involved in beef quality justifies the importance of research of genetic, molecular and biochemical mechanisms that determine this trait. The objective of this study is to identify differentially expressed genes found in the muscle tissue of Angus and Nelore breeds. To obtain the data to do this gene expression study, ten Angus steers and eight Nelore steers were used, they were chosen from a group of fifity animals of each breed, and were selected for their extreme tenderness and toughness scores on the shear force test. In total, 313 million fragments of a 100 base pairs were generated using Illumina HiScanSQ paired end. In parallel with the gene expression study, the use of trimmed or non-trimmed sequences was determined to evaluate the efficiency of the tools that have been used to filter this background noise. All sequences were mapped to the bovine genome using Tophat2, and the edgeR library provided the statistical analysis used to identify differential expression. Results obtained from the analysis of the data from the Angus breed animals with non filtered sequences are consistent with results observed in studies of beef tendernes. This finding implies the involvement of the lipid metabolism pathway in the biochemical mechanism underlying the improved tenderness. However, Nelore data analysis identified the existence of processes involved in inflammatory/immune response; they may have been influenced by external factors prior to the slaughter / Mestrado / Bioinformatica / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular

This thesis is an examination of the Cistercian abbey of Coupar Angus, c.1164-c.1560, and its place within Scottish society. The subject of medieval monasticism in Scotland has received limited scholarly attention and Coupar itself has been almost completely overlooked, despite the fact that the abbey possesses one of the best sets of surviving sources of any Scottish religious house. Moreover, in recent years, long-held assumptions about the Cistercian Order have been challenged and the validity of Order-wide generalisations disputed. Historians have therefore highlighted the importance of dedicated studies of individual houses and the need to incorporate the experience of abbeys on the European ‘periphery’ into the overall narrative. This thesis considers the history of Coupar in terms of three broadly thematic areas. The first chapter focuses on the nature of the abbey’s landholding and prosecution of resources, as well as the monks’ burghal presence and involvement in trade. The second investigates the ways in which the house interacted with wider society outside of its role as landowner, particularly within the context of lay piety, patronage and its intercessory function. The final chapter is concerned with a more strictly ecclesiastical setting and is divided into two parts. The first considers the abbey within the configuration of the Scottish secular church with regards to parishes, churches and chapels. The second investigates the strength of Cistercian networks, both domestic and international. Through the exploration of these varied aspects, this study demonstrates that while Coupar maintained a strong sense of Cistercian identity and a European outlook, it was also highly enmeshed in and profoundly influenced by its immediate environment. The nature of Coupar’s experience was shaped by its locality, just as the abbey, in turn, had a reciprocal impact on its surroundings. Coupar was both a Cistercian house and a distinctively Scottish abbey.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / This paper was the objective to identify some deciding factors of purchases of European and synthetic breeding bull at auctions in Rio Grande do Sul and its influence on the purchase price. Were viewed a total of 55 auctions, between television auctions and presential auctions. In total, were collected data of 4,569 Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Brangus and Braford breeding bull, auctioned in several cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected in two stages: the first consisted of the collection data catalogs related to phenotypic and genotypic information at auction or websites of the auction companies, the second stage was the collection of information marketing of animals. Data were tabulated in spreadsheets software and then analyzed using a statistical software. Braford bulls had higher value than Aberdeen Angus, Brangus and Hereford breeding cattle. Bulls of two years old were more valued than animals three years old in Aberdeen Angus, Brangus and Hereford breeds, while the opposite occurred to Braford breed. The trade of bulls take effect in the spring have higher sales value compared to trades in the fall. The weight of the bull influence on the best selling price, the same does not occur with scrotal perimeter. The red fur bull has higher value than the black fur, both in Angus as Brangus. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar alguns fatores decisórios no processo de compra de reprodutores das raças europeias e sintéticas em leilões no Rio Grande do Sul e sua influência no preço de venda. Foram acompanhados um total de 55 leilões, sendo alguns televisivos e outros presenciais. Ao total foram coletados dados da oferta de 4.569 reprodutores de bovinos de corte das raças Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Brangus e Braford, leiloados em diversos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram obtidos em duas etapas: a primeira constou da coleta de dados dos catálogos referentes a informações fenotípicas e genotípicas distribuídos ao início dos leilões ou através dos sitios das empresas leiloeiras. A segunda foi a coleta de informações da comercialização dos animais. Os dados foram tabulados em planilhas eletrônicas e posteriormente analisados por meio de software estatístico. Touros da raça Braford tiveram maior valor comercial do que os Aberdeen Angus, Brangus e Hereford. Touros de dois anos foram mais valorizados do que os de três anos nas raças Angus, Brangus e Hereford, mas não os Braford. As comercializações efetivadas durante a primavera têm valor de venda superior quando comparada às do outono. O peso do touro influencia no melhor preço de venda, mas não o perímetro escrotal. Os touros de pelagem vermelha têm maior valor comercial do que os de pelagem preta, tanto na raça Aberdeen Angus quanto na Brangus.