The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the influence of reproductive indicators on the economy of cows depending on the 1st calving of heifers. In the set of cows were comapred the costs of heifers rearing up to 1st calving, longevity costs, sales and costs of weaned calves, and complete result of economy in the groups.

The aim of this work was to analyze selected effects on the growth of calves of a selected herd of aberdeen angus cattle in Mýto farm in Hořice na Šumavě for the monitored period of 6 years (2012 - 2017). A total of 242 pure-bred calves of the aberdeen angus breed born during the reference period was included in the evaluation. Birth weight, weight at 120, 210 and 365 days were determined in calves. Subsequently, the group of calves was sorted by sex, year of birth, month of birth, birth order, father's individuality and mother's exterior. The data were statistically processed in Microsoft Excel and evaluated in Statsoft Statistica. When confronted with the national average published in the KUMP deadlines, the observed calves always had a lower birth weight, but higher weight at 120, 210 and 365 days. When evaluating the effect of the year of birth on calf growth, it was found that calves born in 2012 and 2013 achieved the best results. The best months for calving aberdeen angus breeds on the monitored breed were February to April. In terms of birth order, calves born to cows after the third calving achieved the best results. The worst results were achieved by calves from heifers and cows after the ninth calving. The best breeding-bull in breed regarding to the growth ability of calves was the sire ZAA 916. The PAA 027 sire showed the best results in terms of ease of delivery. There was no significant difference in the effect of maternal exterior on the growth ability of calves.

As pesquisas com utilização de adubação nitrogenada em papuã têm avaliado principalmente as características do pasto e a produção animal. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar a eficiência de uso do nitrogênio em papuã por meio de informações sobre características da pastagem e consumo de forragem de novilhas de corte. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), de janeiro a maio de 2014. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por doses de zero, 150 ou 300 kg/ha de nitrogênio (N), na forma de ureia. O método de pastejo foi o de pastoreio rotacionado, sendo utilizadas 16 novilhas-teste Angus, com idade e peso corporal (PC) médio inicial de 15 meses e 276,0 ±17,4 kg, respectivamente. Foi utilizado como critério de manejo do pasto a altura do dossel na ocasião da saída dos animais dos potreiros, mantendo-os em 30 cm de altura. A avaliação do consumo de forragem foi realizada dosificando duas novilhas-teste por piquete, com óxido de cromo (Cr2O3) como indicador externo da produção fecal, fornecendo-o por 11 dias (sete dias para adaptação e quatro dias para coleta fecal). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo, com três tratamentos e duas repetições de área. Para as avaliações de consumo foram utilizadas quatro repetições por tratamento, onde cada animal foi considerado uma unidade experimental. A massa de forragem, lâminas foliares e colmos nos piquetes com 300 kg/ha de N foram 23,7%, 18,6% e 28,8% superiores, respectivamente, quando comparado a dose zero. O teor de PB foi 3,4% superior quando utilizado adubação nitrogenada de 300kg/ha em relação a dose de 150kg/ha de N (18,7%). Independente das doses de N utilizadas, as novilhas consumiram 2,2±0,09 kg MS/100kg PC de forragem. A adubação nitrogenada em papuã modifica a estrutura do pasto, aumentando a produção total e a qualidade da forragem. O uso de 150 e 300kg/ha de N aumenta a massa de lâminas foliares. Novilhas em pastejo em papuã adubado com 300kg/ha de N colhem forragem com maior teor de proteína bruta. A mudança na estrutura do dossel faz com que as novilhas reduzam o consumo de forragem ao final do ciclo de utilização do papuã. / Several researches on nitrogen fertilization in Alexandergrass have mainly assessed pasture characteristics and animal production. The efficiency of nitrogen in Alexandergrass through information on the features of pasture and forage intake by beef heifers was analyzed. This study was carried out at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria RS Brazil, from January to May 2014. Treatments comprised doses of 0, 150 and 300 kg/ha of nitrogen (N), in form of urea. Experimental animals were sixteen Angus heifers with initial age and body weight (BW) of 15 months and 276.0 ± 17.4 kg, respectively. The grazing method was rotational with variable number of animals. Pasture management criterion comprised canopy height of 30 cm at the output of the animals from the paddocks. Forage intake was estimated in two heifers per paddock using chromium oxide (Cr2O3) as an indicator of fecal output. The dosing period was 11 days, with seven days for adaptation and four days for feces collection. The experimental design was completely randomized with repeated measurements over time, with three treatments (0, 150, 300 kg/ha N) and two area replications. Forage intake assessment comprised four replications per treatment in which each animal was the experimental unit. Forage, leaf blades and stems mass in paddock with 300 kg/ha of N were 23.7%, 18.6% and 28.8%, respectively, higher when compared to dose zero. Crude protein content (CP) was 3.4% higher at 300 kg/ha nitrogen fertilization when compared to dose 150kg/ha of N (18.7%). Regardless of N doses, heifers consumed 2.2±0.09 kg DM/100kg BW of forage. Nitrogen fertilization of Alexandergrass modified the pasture structure, increased total production and forage quality. Doses 150 and 300 kg/ha of N increased the leaf blades mass. Heifers grazing on Alexandergrass fertilized with 300 kg of N/ha harvest forage with the highest CP content. Changes in canopy structure makes reduce the forage intake at the end of the Alexandergrass cycle.

Resumo: Avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes períodos de maturação (1, 7, 14 dias) sobre a qualidade da carne de dois músculos (Longíssimus dorsi e Tríceps braquii) de bovinos cruzados, criados em confinamento no sistema "superprecoce". Foram utilizados 40 bovinos machos não castrados, divididos em quatro cruzamentos, oriundos do acasalamento de fêmeas cruzadas ½ angus + ½ nelore e ½ simental + ½ nelore com touros das raças Angus e Wagyu. Os animais foram confinados em lotes de 4 animais por baia divididos por grupo genético. Após o abate e estabelecimento do rigor-mortis (24 horas) coletou-se amostras dos músculos Longíssimus dorsi e Tríceps braquii, que foram embalados a vácuo e submetidos à maturação (0, 7 e 14 dias). Foram avaliadas características qualitativas (capacidade de retenção de água, cor, pH, perdas de peso por cozimento e força de cisalhamento) e sensoriais (sabor, odor, suculência, fibrosidade, maciez, sabor de gordura e aceitação global). Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 x 2 (4 cruzamentos x 3 períodos de maturação x 2 músculos) com 10 repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey com 5% de significância. A maturação é eficiente na melhoria da maciez da carne dos animais avaliados. Os animais filhos de touro Wagyu apresentaram carne com sabor de gordura mais acentuado através da avaliação sensorial. O músculo Tríceps brachii foi considerado mais macio e mais suculento tanto na análise sensorial como nas análises físicas, contudo, o músculo Longíssimos dorsi apresentou maior aceitação global / Abstract: We evaluated the effect of different periods of maturation aged (0, 7 and 14 days) on meat quality of two muscles (Longíssimus dorsi and Triceps braquii) of crossbred beef cattle, reared in confinement in the system "youngbulls". We used 40 bulls divided into four crossbred from the mating of cows crossbred ½ Angus + ½ Nelore e ½ Simental + ½ Nelore with bulls Angus and Wagyu. The animals were confined in collective stalls 4 animals for pen divided by genetic groups. After slaughter and establishment of rigor mortis (24 hours) samples were collected from muscles Longíssimus dorsi e Triceps braquii, which were vacuum packed and submitted of maturation aged (0, 7 and 14 days). We evaluated quality characteristics (water-holding capacity, color, pH, weight loss for cooking and shear force) and sensory (flavor, scent, juiciness, fibrousness, softness, fat flavor and global acceptance). It was used a 4 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement (4 crossbred x 3 maturation aged x 2 muscles) with 10 replicates. The dates submitted analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tykey's test (5%). The maturation aged is proved effective improvement the meat in the animals evaluated. The animals crossbred Wagyu bull presented meat-flavored fat sharper through sensory evaluation. The muscle Tríceps brachii was considered more soft and juicy both in sensory evaluation as in physical analysis, however, the muscle Longíssimus dorsi showed higher global acceptance / Orientador: Pedro Alves de Souza / Coorientador: Rymer Ramiz Tullio / Banca: Rafael Silvio Bonilha Pinheiro / Banca: Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel / Mestre

<p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om sexualsynen i Vecko-Revyn under perioden 1955-2005 följer samma förändring som har inträffat i sexualsynen i samhället enligt en för studien sammansatt analysmodell. Med hjälp av den hermeneutiska metoden har källmaterialet, som består av artiklar och spalter från Vecko-Revyn från 1955-2005, analyserats. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten består Lennerheds, Sandströms, Bergenheims och McLarens teoretiska skildringar av sexualsynen, vilka är sammansatta i en för studien aktuell analysmodell. Slutsatsen visar att Vecko-Revyns sexualsyn följde förändringen i samhällets sexualsyn i olika grad under de olika decennierna. Den mångfasetterade bilden av Vecko-Revyns sexualsyn som framträder i det undersökta materialet visar att Vecko-Revyns åsikter i vissa fall var mer liberala än samhällets medan de i andra fall var mer konservativa. Det var främst i Vecko-Revyn liberala inställning till föräktenskapliga sexuella relationer som de skiljde sig åt gentemot samhället under den undersökta perioden.</p>

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om sexualsynen i Vecko-Revyn under perioden 1955-2005 följer samma förändring som har inträffat i sexualsynen i samhället enligt en för studien sammansatt analysmodell. Med hjälp av den hermeneutiska metoden har källmaterialet, som består av artiklar och spalter från Vecko-Revyn från 1955-2005, analyserats. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten består Lennerheds, Sandströms, Bergenheims och McLarens teoretiska skildringar av sexualsynen, vilka är sammansatta i en för studien aktuell analysmodell. Slutsatsen visar att Vecko-Revyns sexualsyn följde förändringen i samhällets sexualsyn i olika grad under de olika decennierna. Den mångfasetterade bilden av Vecko-Revyns sexualsyn som framträder i det undersökta materialet visar att Vecko-Revyns åsikter i vissa fall var mer liberala än samhällets medan de i andra fall var mer konservativa. Det var främst i Vecko-Revyn liberala inställning till föräktenskapliga sexuella relationer som de skiljde sig åt gentemot samhället under den undersökta perioden.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on Aug. 14, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-05-23Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:00:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000758023_20160523.pdf: 340042 bytes, checksum: 9282dceda721f0696e2c05e88b75c33d (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-05-23T16:38:29Z: 000758023_20160523.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-23T16:39:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000758023.pdf: 922794 bytes, checksum: bee1fddc26f377d60fa6ac89017b5dc1 (MD5) / O crescimento folicular em bovinos ocorre em um padrão de ondas que pode variar de 2 a 3 por ciclo estral e caracteriza-se pelo crescimento sincrônico de um grupo de folículos antrais, onde apenas um se tornará dominante. A quantidade de folículos recrutados é variável entre os animais, porém apresenta alta repetibilidade entre os indivíduos. Animais Bos indicus apresentam maior quantidade de folículos recrutados por onda que animais Bos taurus. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, (1) identificar fêmeas das raças Nelore (Bos indicus) e Aberdeen Angus (Bos taurus), que possuam elevado ou reduzido número de folículos recrutados por onda e relacionar o número de folículos à concentração plasmática do hormônio anti-mulleriano (AMH); (2) relacionar o numero de folículos antrais à fertilidade de fêmeas Nelore e; (3) determinar se o tratamento superestimulatório altera as concentrações plasmáticas de AMH em vacas Nelore. No experimento 1, contagem do numero de folículos antrais das fêmeas Nelore (n=20) e Angus (n=30) foi feita por duas avaliações ultrassonográficas (US). Considerando a média  EPM da contagem de folículos antrais de cada raça, as novilhas foram classificas em alta contagem folicular (ACF; n= 9 novilhas Nelore e 15 Angus) ou baixa contagem folicular (BCF; n= 11 novilhas Nelore e 15 Angus). O AMH foi mensurado por Elisa em uma amostra de sangue coletada durante a ultima US. No experimento 2, foram utilizadas novilhas da raça Nelore (n=86) submetidas a um protocolo de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF). As novilhas foram classificadas (avaliação US no D0 da IATF) em 3 grupos: ACF (>40 folículos; n=29), intermediário (ICF;>20 e <40 folículos; n=34) e BCF (<20 folículos; n=23). No experimento 3, foram utilizadas 20 vacas da raça Nelore de ICF e ACF. Os animais foram separados pela contagem folicular e distribuídos em 2 grupos: Grupo controle IATF (n=9) e grupo P36 (superestimuladas ... / In bovines follicular development happens in a wave pattern that can vary from two to three waves per estral cycle with a group of follicles growing simultaneously but with only ano becoming the dominat follicle. The number of recruited follicle is highly variable between animal; however it is highly repeatable within an animal. Bos indicus animals present greater number of follicles per wave than Bos taurus animals. The objective of the present study was 1) identify animals from the Nelore and Abeerden Angus breed that have high or low number of follicles recruited per follicle wave and relate the number of follicles with AMH concentration; 2) to relate the number of antral follicles with the fertility of Nelore females; 3) to determine if the superstimulatory treatment alters the plasmatic concentrations of AMH. In experiment 1 the follicle count in Nelore and Angus heifers was done through two ultrasound examinations (US). Considering the mean + SEM of the follicle count in each breed, the heifers were grouped in high (HFC) or low (LFC) follicle count. Plasmatic AMH was measured in a blood smple drawn at the last US. In Experiment 2, there were used Nelore heifers submitted to a TFAI protocol. Heifers were grouped in HFC (>40 follicles), intermediary (>20 an <40 follicle) and LFC (<20 follicle). In experiment 3, Nelore cows with high and intermediary follicles counts were used. Animals were separated in control TFAI group and P36 group. Blood samples for AMH measurement were collected on day 5 (P36) and on day 8 (TFAI and P36). Result from experiment 1 were analyzed using ANOVA. Experiment 2 was analyzed using a logistic regression and experiment 3 was ...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:51:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:54:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000863483.pdf: 1230854 bytes, checksum: 5f969e218afa238395f61e6225eb65c2 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Animais com alta população folicular (APF) antral possuem melhor desempenho reprodutivo quando comparados a animais de baixa população folicular (BPF). Essa variação no número de folículos antrais pode estar associada a diferentes perfis hormonais e de expressão de genes reguladores da ativação e crescimento folicular. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho: 1) avaliar o perfil global de expressão gênica de folículos antrais em animais com APF e BPF nas raças Nelore (Bos indicus) e Aberdeen Angus (Bos taurus) e 2) identificar diferenças genotípicas através de um estudo de associação genômica (GWAS - Genome Wide Association Study) usando polimorfismos de nucleotídeo de sítio único (SNPs). Inicialmente foram avaliadas 155 novilhas da raça Nelore e 132 da raça Angus com idade e peso semelhantes. Os animais foram sincronizados e a contagem dos folículos realizada através de ultrassonografia 24 a 48 horas após o início do estro. Os grupos APF e BPF foram formados com base na média do número de folículos ± desvio padrão nas duas raças. Para avaliar o perfil global de expressão gênica usou-se a técnica do microarranjo. Um total de 15 novilhas Nelore (6 APF e 9 BPF) e 17 novilhas Angus (9 APF e 8 BPF) foram abatidas 12 a 24 horas após a ovulação e os ovários transportados ao laboratório. Foi realizado um pool de RNA extraído de três folículos (≤ 4 mm) individualmente (um pool por animal) dissecados do ovário. A análise dos dados procedeu-se no FlexArray 1.6.1.1 e os genes com fold change > 1,5 e P ≤ 0,05 foram considerados diferencialmente expressos. Para o estudo de GWAS 72 novilhas da raça Nelore (32 APF e 40 BPF) e 48 da raça Angus (21APF e 27 BPF) foram selecionadas. O DNA foi extraído do sangue e/ou bulbo capilar e a genotipagem foi realizada com o chip 777 HD bovine Illumina®. Os SNPs foram submetidos ao controle de qualidade usando como critérios de exclusão: call rate (IDCR) ≤ 90%,... / Animals with high antral follicle count (HFC) have a better reproductive performance when compared with animals with low follicle count (LFC). This variation in the number of antral follicles can be associated with different hormonal profiles and expression of genes regulating activation and follicular growth. The objective of the present work was: 1) to evaluate the global gene expression of antral follicles in animals with HFC and LFC in Nelore (Bos indicus) and Aberdeen Angus (Bos taurus) heifers and 2) to identify genotypic differences through a genomic wide association study (GWAS) using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Initially, 155 Nelore heifers and 132 Angus heifers with similar body weight and age were selected. The animals were synchronized and follicle count was done through ultrasound 24 to 48 h after estrus. The groups LFC and HFC were formed using the average of follicles ± standard deviation in both breeds. To evaluate the global gene expression profile we use a microarray chip. A total of 15 Nelore heifers (6 HFC and 9 LFC) and 17 Angus heifers (9 HFC and 8 LFC) were slaughter 12 to 24 h after ovulation and ovaries were transported to the laboratory. A pool of RNA from three follicles (< 4 mm) from each animal was used to the analysis using FlexArray 1.6.1.1 and the genes with fold change > 1.5 and P ≤ 0.05 were considered differentially expressed. For the GWAS study 72 Nelore heifers (32 HFC and 40 LFC) and 48 Angus heifers (21 HFC and 27 LFC) were selected. The DNA was extracted from blood and hair bulb and genotyping was done using the 777 HD Illumina chip. The SNPs were submitted to a quality control test using an exclusion criteria: call rate (IDCR) ≤ 90%, MAF ≤ 0.02, call rate (SNPCR) ≤ 0.98 and HWE ≤ 1 x 10-5. After the quality control test the SNPs were submitted to the Cochran-Armitage test to the association of phenotype/genotype in both breeds. The genes differentially expressed and the genes ... / FAPESP: 11/17370-0

The effects of month on body weight, body condition scores, internal parasite prevalence and on nutritionally related blood metabolites were studied in Angus, Bonsmara and Nguni steers raised on sweet veld. Pre-slaughter stress was also determined using catecholamines, cortisol, dopamine, packed cell volume and serum creatinine levels. The blood chemical constituents evaluated included glucose, cholesterol, total protein, creatinine, urea, globulin, albumin, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatinine kinase (CK). The Nguni steers maintained their body condition throughout the study period whereas Angus steers had the least body condition scores. Parasite levels were high during the rainy season and low during the dry season. The predominant internal parasites were Haemonchus (39.3 percent), Trichostrongylus (37.8 percent), Cooperia pectinita (25.5 percent), Fasciola gigantica (16.3 percent) and Ostertagia ostertagi (11.2 percent). The Nguni had the least parasite infestation levels and had high PCV levels. Nguni had higher levels of cholesterol and glucose (2.86 and 4mmol/l, respectively) than the other two breeds. Nguni and Bonsmara steers had higher (P<0.05) mineral levels. There were significant breed and month differences for glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, calcium, albumin, phosphorus, albumin-globulin ratio and ALP levels. Bonsmara was more susceptible to transport and pre-slaughter stress as it had the highest (P<0.05) levels of adrenalin (10.8nmol/mol), noradrenalin (9.7nmol/mol) and dopamine (14.8nmol/mol) levels, whereas the Nguni had the least levels of adrenalin (6.5nmol/mol), noradrenalin (4.6nmol/mol) and dopamine (4nmol/mol) levels. In conclusion, Nguni steers were better adapted to the local environmental conditions