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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Avaliacao clinica e histologica da resposta periodontal a procedimentos restauradores no cao

Gomes, Sabrina Carvalho January 1999 (has links)
Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar a resposta periodontal, clínica e histologicamente, à presença de preparos cavitários restaurados com Cimento de Ionômero de Vidro (CIV) e Amálgama (AM) ou não restaurados (SR), em um período de 124 dias. Janelas cirúrgicas, 2x5mm, na tábua óssea vestibular de pré-molares em 3 cães Beagle, permitindo o preparo de cavidades supragengivais com extensão subgengival (Tipo I) ou subgengivais (Tipo II). Estas foram restauradas com CIV e AM' ou mantidas sem restauração (SR). Nos primeiros 15 dias pós-operatório, os cães receberam escovação diária com gel de clorexidina 2%. Com a suspensão do controle químico, iniciou-se o controle mecânico realizado, diariamente, nos quadrantes 2 e 3, por 109 dias. Placa visível (IPV), profundidade de sondagem (PS), sangramento à sondagem (SS) e distância da margem gengival à marca referência (DMM) foram registrados no início e final do período experimental. Após, análise microscópica foi realizada por examinadora, cega quanto à origem dos tratamentos e previamente calibrada, onde avaliou-se infiltrado inflamatório, condição e posição do epitélio adjacente à área tratada e a distância entre a borda apical do preparo cavi o e ligamameennttoo periodontal funcional (DPL). Através da avaliação clínica observou-se medianas de 66% e 100% para o IPV nos sítios sem controle de placa (S/CT). Para o SS, este foi observado em 8 dos 16 sítios S/CT e 1 em 18 dos sítios onde o controle de placa foi realizado (C/CT). As médias da PS variaram de 0.35 a 1.25, estando as maiores associadas a sítios S/CT. As médias da DMM variaram de -0.2mm (AM, Tipo I, C/CT), indicando edema, a 1,5mm (SR, Tipo II, S/CT), valor relacionado a retração. Sítios AM S/CT apresentaram-se com infiltrado inflamatório severo. Os sítios CIV e SR estiveram associados a escores Leve e Ausente na presença de controle de placa e à resposta Moderada nos sítios S/CT. Para a condição epitelial, observou-se total alteração deste nos sítios restaurados com AM. Na avaliação dos sítios C/CT e S/CT, para CIV e SR, um maior percentual de epitélio íntegro esteve associado aos sítios Tipo I (50%). Nos sítios Tipo II, o controle de placa foi diferencial apenas para os sítios SR. A posição apical deste epitélio foi mais comum para o AM. As maiores DPL estavam associadas ao AM (0.5 a 1 mm), seguidas pelo CIV (0.2 a 0.5 mm) e sítios SR (0.5 a —0.5mm). Pode-se concluir que o controle de placa é decisivo para a reação inflamatória do periodonto a procedimentos restauradores e que o AM, entre os materiais restauradores, foi aquele associado à maior resposta inflamatória.
12

Elastographie quantitative des tumeurs du sein et de la réponse au traitement / Quantitative elastography of breast tumors and response to treatment

Chamming's, Foucauld 22 June 2015 (has links)
Introduction : L’élastographie shear wave (ESW) est une technique récente d’échographie qui évalue quantitativement la dureté des tissus et permet d’améliorer la caractérisation des lésions mammaires. Comme toute nouvelle technique d’imagerie, l’ESW nécessite une validation préclinique pour définir les conditions d’utilisations et établir les limites des champs d’applications dans lesquelles la technique pourra être considérée comme valide. Matériels et méthodes : Dans une première partie effectuée au laboratoire de recherche en Imagerie nous avons étudié les éléments histologiques sous tendant l’image d’ESW sur un modèle de cancer du sein implanté chez la souris, au cours de sa croissance puis sous traitement. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons étudié chez des patientes le rôle de la compression manuelle en ESW pour la caractérisation des lésions mammaires. Dans une dernière partie, effectuée en collaboration avec une équipe de l’Institut Langevin Ondes et Images, nous avons étudié la faisabilité d’un nouveau paramètre, le module de cisaillement non linéaire pour l’analyse des lésions mammaires. Résultats : Au laboratoire, nous avons établi des corrélations entre la dureté mesurée en élastographie et les caractéristiques histologiques des tumeurs, y compris sous traitement. Nous avons montré que la fibrose était associée à une dureté élevée et la nécrose à une dureté moindre. Notre étude clinique a montré qu’une compression manuelle minimale était nécessaire pour obtenir de bonnes performances de l’ESW et qu’une pression trop élevée devait être évitée. Enfin nous avons montré la faisabilité en imagerie mammaire d’un nouveau paramètre quantitatif obtenu en élastographie shear wave : le module de cisaillement non linéaire. Conclusion : A partir de travail de thèse, une meilleure compréhension de la part des éléments biologiques et techniques en ESW du sein est possible et des recommandations pour l’utilisation clinique peuvent être formulées. Nos observations cliniques ont entrainé la mise au point d’un nouveau paramètre diagnostique quantitatif : le module de cisaillement non linéaire. / Introduction: Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) is a recent ultrasound technique assessing quantitatively tissue stiffness and improving breast lesions characterization. As every new imaging technique, SWE requires a pre clinical validation in order to define in which conditions it should be used and precise the applications for which the technique is validated. Materials and methods: First, in a research lab we have investigated the pathological features underlying SWE image in a breast cancer model implanted in mice, during tumor growth and under therapy. Secondly, we have studied in patients the role of manual compression in SWE for the characterization of breast lesions. Finally, in collaboration with on team from Institut Langevin Ondes et Images, we have studied the feasibility of a new parameter, the non-linear modulus, for breast lesion assessment. Results: in the research lab, we have shown correlations between stiffness as measured with SWE and pathological features of tumors, even on treatment. We have shown that fibrosis was associated with high stiffness values and necrosis with lowers. Our clinical study, showed that a minimal manual compression was required for optimal performance of SWE and that strong compression should be avoided. Finally, we demonstrated feasibility of a new parameter, derived from SWE, the non-linear modulus. Conclusion: Our work provides a better understanding of biological and technical elements of SWE. On the basis of our results, new recommendations may be made for the use of SWE in clinical practice. From our clinical findings, we developed a new quantitative parameter, which may be useful for the diagnosis of breast lesions, the non-linear modulus.
13

Neue Stabilisierungskonzepte mit Fixateur intern Systemen bei der Versorgung von Frakturen langer Röhrenknochen

Schütz, Michael Andreas 04 December 2001 (has links)
In der vorliegenden tierexperimentellen Studie wurde die Frakturheilung an der diaphysären Schafstibia mit dem Fixateur intern zur Plattenosteosynthese und zur unaufgebohrten Marknagelung verglichen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein neues, geschlossenes Frakturmodell mit Weichteilschaden entwickelt und in einer ersten Versuchsreihe validiert. In den anschließenden beiden Hauptversuchen erfolgte der direkte Vergleich des Fixateur intern zu beiden anderen Stabilisierungsverfahren. Zur Beurteilung der Frakturheilungen wurden radiologische, histologische und biomechanische Messungen, sowie in vivo Belastungsmessungen beider Hinterläufe der Schafe durchgeführt. Im Vergleich zur Plattenosteosynthese ergab sich eine schnellere Frakturheilung nach Fixateur intern Stabilisierung. Diese Vorteile zeigten sich nach 12 Wochen mit signifikanten Unterschieden in den biomechanischen und histologischen Resultaten. Durch die Beinbelastungsmessungen konnte ausgeschlossen werden, daß diese Ergebnisse auf mögliche Unterschiede in dem Belastungsverhalten der Tiere und somit auf unterschiedliche mechanische Kallusstimulation zurückzuführen sind. Im Vergleich zur Marknagelung wurden keine signifikanten Unterschiede in den biomechanischen Messungen festgestellt. In der histologischen Auswertung fand sich zu beiden Zeiträumen eine gleiche Kallusmenge mit vergleichbaren mineralisierten Anteilen. Unterschiede zeigten sich nur in dem Verhältnis endostaler zu periostaler Kallusbildung. Diese Ergebnisse wurden mit den ersten klinischen Resultaten von zwei multizentrischer Studien zur Anwendung von Fixateur intern Systemen in Verbindung gesetzt. Den experimentellen und klinischen Ergebnissen zu Folge, ist der Fixateur intern aus biologischer und biomechanischer Sicht der Plattenosteosynthese überlegen, und stellt zur Marknagelung - insbesondere im metaphysären Bereich - eine sichere Alternative. / In the presented study fracture healing of the sheep tibia treated with an internal fixator were compared to conventional plate osteosynthesis and intramedullary nailing. For that reason a new fracture model with a reproducible closed soft tissue damage were developed and validated in a pilot study on the sheep tibia. In both main experiments a direct comparision of the internal fixator were preformed to one of the other stabilization options. Fracture healing were ranked by radiological, histological and biomechanical data, as well as in vivo measurements of both hind legs of the sheep. In comparison to conventional plating a more rapid healing of the fracture were observed after internal fixator stabilization. Those differences were significant for the biomechanical as well as the histological data after 12 weeks. However, in comparision to intramedullary unreamed nailing no significant differences were detected in respect to biomechanical stiffness and strength. In the histological measurements a similar amount of the overall callus with a similar grade of bone mineralisation were present after 6 as well as after 12 weeks. Only the relation between endostal and periostal callus differed between the internal fixator and the nailing group. Those experimental results were correlated with the first clinical results of two multicenter studies using the new internal fixator systems. Based on the experimental and the clinical results, the internal fixator is superior compared to conventional plate osteosynthesis in respect to the biology and biomechanics, and seems to be a safe alternative - especial in the metaphysis area - to intramedullary nailing.

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