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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Efeito da anoxia sobre o metabolismo de carboidratos no sistema nervoso central do caracol Megalobulimus oblongos (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)

Fraga, Luciano Sturmer de January 2002 (has links)
No seu hábitat, muitos organismos, entre eles os caracóis, estão expostos a um grande número de variáveis ambientais como temperatura, umidade, fotoperiodicidade e disponibilidade de alimento. O caracol Megalobulimus oblongus é um gastrópode terrestre que, durante épocas de estiagem, costuma permanecer enterrado no solo. Com esse comportamento o animal evita a perda de água durante o período de seca, embora nessa condição (enterrado no solo) o animal tenha que enfrentar uma situação de disponibilidade de oxigênio reduzida (hipóxia). O metabolismo dos gastrópodes terrestres está baseado na utilização de carboidratos e as reservas desse polissacarídeo são depletadas durante situações de hipóxia/anoxia. Estudos sobre o metabolismo de moluscos frente a essas condições ambientais adversas, como a própria anoxia, têm sido realizados apenas em tecidos de reserva. Trabalhos relacionando o metabolismo do sistema nervoso durante essa situação são escassos. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o metabolismo de carboidratos do sistema nervoso central do caracol Megalobulimus oblongus submetido a diferentes períodos de anoxia e recuperação aeróbia pós-anoxia. Para isso, após o período experimental foram dosadas a concentração de glicogênio e a concentração de glicose livre nos gânglios do sistema nervoso central do animal, além da concentração de glicose hemolinfática. Juntamente com essa abordagem bioquímica, foi realizado um estudo histoquímico semiquantitativo com o objetivo de verificar a atividade da forma ativa da enzima glicogênio fosforilase (GFa) nos gânglios cerebrais dos caracóis submetidos aos períodos de anoxia e recuperação. Foi verificado um aumento da concentração de glicose hemolinfática após o período inicial de 1,5h de anoxia, que se manteve elevado ao longo de todo o período anóxico. A concentração de glicogênio estava significativamente reduzida às 12h de anoxia e a concentração de glicose livre permaneceu constante ao longo de todo o período anóxico, enquanto foi observada uma redução progressiva da GFa. Não foram verificadas mudanças significativas nesses metabólitos nos animais do grupo simulação (“sham”) quando comparados ao grupo controle basal. Durante o período de recuperação aeróbia após 3h de anoxia, os valores de glicose hemolinfática foram reduzidos, retornando aos valores basais após 3h de recuperação aeróbia. A atividade GFa, reduzida durante a anoxia, também retornou aos valores do grupo controle durante a fase de recuperação. A concentração de glicose livre teve uma queda significativa no tempo de 1,5h de recuperação e existiu uma tendência à redução do glicogênio do tecido nervoso às 3h de recuperação aeróbia. A enzima GFa retornou a sua atividade basal durante o período de recuperação. Os resultados sugerem que, em função da elevada concentração de glicose hemolinfática, outros tecidos possam estar fornecendo a glicose necessária para a manutenção do tecido nervoso de Megalobulimus oblongus durante a anoxia, enquanto a redução do glicogênio do tecido nervoso verificada às 12h de anoxia deva estar relacionada ao aumento de atividade do animal durante a escotofase (o grupo 12h de anoxia foi dissecado à noite) somado ao próprio efeito da anoxia. A redução da GFa ao longo do período anóxico pode indicar uma depressão metabólica no tecido nervoso. Durante o início da fase de recuperação aeróbia pós-anoxia, a queda da concentração de glicose livre e a tendência à redução na concentração de glicogênio podem estar relacionadas ao fornecimento da energia necessária para o restabelecimento dos estoques energéticos utilizados durante às 3h iniciais de anoxia, já que a glicose hemolinfática retornou à concentração basal. Como não foi verificada qualquer redução significativa durante às 3h iniciais de anoxia nas concentrações de glicose livre e de x glicogênio nos gânglios nervosos centrais de Megalobulimus oblongus, discute-se a possibilidade de que o tecido nervoso do caracol tenha utilizado reservas de fosfogênios e ATP para satisfazer suas demandas energéticas durante as 3h iniciais de ausência de oxigênio.
22

Genetic Analysis of Development and Behavior in Hypoxia and Cellular Characterization of Anoxia Induced Meiotic Prophase Arrest in Caenorhabditis Elegans

Little, Brent Ashley 08 1900 (has links)
It was hypothesized that chronic hypoxia will affect various biological processes including developmental trajectory and behavior. To test this hypothesis, embryos were raised to adulthood in severe hypoxic environments (0.5% O2 or 1% O2, 22°C) and analyzed for survival rate, developmental progression, and altered behaviors. Wildtype hermaphrodites survive chronic hypoxia yet developmental trajectory is slowed. The hermaphrodites raised in chronic hypoxia had different phenotypes in comparison to the normoxic controls. First, hermaphrodites exposed to chronic hypoxia produced a significantly lower number of embryos and had a slight increase in male progeny. This suggests that chronic hypoxia exposure during development affects the germline. Second, animals raised in chronic hypoxia from embryos to young adults have a slight increase in lifespan when re-exposed to a normoxic environment, indicating that chronic hypoxia does not negatively decrease lifespan. Finally, hermaphrodites that were raised in hypoxia will lay the majority of their eggs on the area of the agar plate where the bacterial lawn is not present. This is in contrast to animals in normoxia, which lay the majority of their eggs on the bacterial lawn. One hypothesis for this hypoxia-induced egg-laying behavior is that the animal can sense microenvironments in hypoxia. To examine if various pathways are involved with chronic-hypoxia responses RNAi and assayed genetic mutants were used. Specifically, genetic mutations affecting oxygen sensing (egl-9), aerotaxis (npr-1), TFG-ß signaling (dbl-1, daf-7) and predicted oxygen-binding proteins (globin-like genes) were phenotypically analyzed. Results indicate that mutations in several of these genes (npr-1, dbl-1) resulted in a decrease in hypoxia survival rate. A mutation in egl-9 also had a detrimental affect on the viability of an animal raised in chronic hypoxia. However, a similar phenotype was not observed in the vhl-1 mutation indicating that the phenotype may not be due to a mere increase in HIF-1 levels, per se. A mutation in the globin-like gene (glb-13(tm2825)) suppressed the hypoxia-induced egg-laying phenotype. That is, the glb-13(tm2825) animal raised in chronic hypoxia laid eggs on the bacterial lawn at a significantly higher rate in comparison to wildtype controls, thus suggesting that globin-like molecules may be involved with the sensing of microenvironments. Together, this research lays the foundation for understanding the implications of chronic hypoxia in developing organisms.
23

Porphyrins and 1H-pyrrole-2,5-diones (maleimides) as indicators of anoxygenic photosynthesis in palaeowater columns

Gibbison, Robert January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
24

The anaerobic metabolism of the common shore crab, Carcinus maenas (L.)

Hill, Andrew Douglas January 1989 (has links)
No description available.
25

Carbon cycling and mass extinctions : the Permo-Triassic of the Arabian Margin

Clarkson, Matthew Oliver January 2014 (has links)
The end-Permian extinction at 252 Ma is widely regarded as the most severe of the Phanerozoic mass-extinctions and enabled the evolution of the modern carbon cycle and ecosystem structure. The cause of the extinction is still debated but the synergistic pressures of global climate change, such as anoxia and ocean acidification, were clearly important. The extinction occurred in two phases and is marked by a uniquely protracted recovery period of ~ 5 Myrs where diversity fails to reach pre-extinction levels until the Middle Triassic. This period is characterized by an unstable global carbon cycle, secondary extinctions, reef, chert and coal gaps, and changes in the carbonate factory from reef to microbial and abiotic dominated deposition. This thesis focuses on using geochemical data from the Arabian Margin to investigate the carbon cycle record and the links between kill mechanisms and carbon cycle dynamics. A new record of carbon cycling is presented for the Tethys in the form of a carbon isotope record for the entire Early Triassic from the Musandam Peninsula, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The Musandam carbon isotope record can be broadly correlated with global isotopic events but also resolves additional secondary excursions. These new short-lived events are probably related to the occurrence of the more widely recognized Early Triassic excursions, and may represent fluctuations in the driving mechanisms superimposed on the continued instability of the global carbon cycle in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction. To unravel palaeo-depositional redox conditions this work utilizes geochemical proxies based on Fe systematics (Fe-speciation). To date, however, these proxies have only been calibrated in relation to modern and ancient siliciclastic marine sediments. This clearly limits the use of the Fe-speciation proxy, particularly in relation to carbonate-rich sediments and rocks. This thesis explores the use of Fe-speciation in carbonates using compiled literature and new data from modern oxic and anoxic settings. This new assessment expands the utility of Fe-based redox proxies to also incorporate carbonate-rich rocks that contain significant total Fe (>0.5 wt%), providing care is taken to assess possible impacts of diagenetic processes such as dolomitization. Based on this calibration work Fe-speciation is used to reconstruct the redox structure for the Arabian Margin mixed carbonate and clastic sediments, from the late Permian to the Middle Triassic. Fe-S-C systematics are utilized to identify the spatial and temporal dynamics of anoxia for a Neo-Tethyan shelf-to-basin transect. The unique spatial resolution afforded by this transect allows a direct link to be drawn between biodiversity, carbon cycling and anoxic events. For the first time we can directly observe a switch from deep-ocean dominated anoxia to a dynamic anoxic wedge at the end-Permian extinction. Additionally the data suggest that ferruginous conditions (anoxic non-sulphidic) were dominant in the Tethyan Ocean throughout the Early Triassic, proposing that euxinia was restricted regionally with potential implications for nutrient recycling, carbon cycle models and driving mechanisms. Redox dynamics may have had important implications for the wider carbonate cycle. These two themes are particularly inter-related with regards to oceanic alkalinity and pH. This thesis presents the first shallow water boron isotope record for the Permian Triasssic Boundary, used as a proxy for pH. The record demonstrates some unexpected results; firstly a sudden increase in pH is observed, prior to the first phase of the extinction and interpreted to reflect alkalinity supply from the development of slope anoxia. Secondly there is no evidence for an acidification event at the first phase of the extinction where pH remains stable. A rapid acidification event is, however, seen in the earliest Triassic, contemporary to the second phase of the mass extinction, but delayed compared to the main negative carbon isotope excursion that indicates the main phase of Siberian Trap volcanism. These events may be explained by dramatic changes in ocean the ocean’s buffering capacity linked to changes in alkalinity supply and the carbonate factory.
26

Mechanisms of attenuated large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in chronic intermittent hypoxia

Tjong, Yung-wui. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008.
27

Anoxia-induced suspended animation in Caenorhabditis elegans /

Nystul, Todd Gregory. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-64).
28

Ventilatory responsiveness to exercise and hypoxia an attempt to quantitate the contribution of hypoxia, exercise, and catecholamines to the respiratory drive.

Jackson, R. (Roger) January 1971 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1971. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.
29

Modelo experimental de paralisia cerebral: implicações da desnutrição perinatal sobre atividade locomotora e metabolismo proteico muscular em ratos

SILVA, Kássia de Oliveira Gomes 27 February 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2015-05-26T12:58:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Kássia de Oliveira (completa).pdf: 1873521 bytes, checksum: 4b3c16aa02cf5e18e149dabb924a0328 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-26T12:58:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Kássia de Oliveira (completa).pdf: 1873521 bytes, checksum: 4b3c16aa02cf5e18e149dabb924a0328 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / FACEPE / A Paralisia Cerebral (PC) é uma das maiores causas de disfunção motora crônica na infância e a desnutrição no período de gestação e lactação é caracterizada por apresentar danos aos circuitos neurais, com efeitos no crescimento e comportamento alimentar e deficiências na musculatura esquelética. A PC e a desnutrição podem estar associadas em populações de países subdesenvolvidos, onde a oferta de nutrientes é escassa e a quantidade de crianças com PC é expressiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, em um modelo de paralisia cerebral experimental, o efeito da desnutrição sobre a atividade locomotora e o metabolismo de proteínas miofibrilares (MuRF-1 e Atrogin-1). Ratas gestantes foram divididas em dois grupos de acordo com a dieta fornecida: Normonutrido (N, n=9) e Desnutrido (D, n=12). Após o nascimento, os filhotes foram subdivididos em quatro grupos experimentais: Normonutrido Controle (NC, n=16), Normonutrido PC (NPC, n=21), Desnutrido Controle (DC, n=20) e Desnutrido PC (DPC, n=18). Os animais dos grupos com Paralisia Cerebral foram submetidos à anóxia perinatal no dia do nascimento (P0) e no dia seguinte (P1) com fluxo de 9l/min de Nitrogênio (N2 99,9%) por um período de 12 minutos cada dia, e à Restrição sensório-motora do 2º ao 28º dia de vida pós-natal (P2 ao P28), utilizando uma órtese de epóxi presa ao quadril do animal, por um período de 16 horas cada dia, de modo a manter suas patas posteriores estendidas. A atividade locomotora dos animais de todos os grupos foi analisada aos 8, 14, 17, 21 e 28 dias de vida pós-natal. Aos 29 dias foram coletados os músculos sóleos dos animais para análise de proteínas miofibrilares MuRF-1 e Atrogin-1. Animais com PC apresentaram redução do peso corporal (p<0,001) e piora de vários parâmetros da atividade locomotora (p<0,05) comparando com seu grupo controle. A desnutrição reduziu o peso corporal (p<0,05), a potência média e o gasto de energia (p<0,05) e a massa muscular do Sóleo (p<0,001). A Expressão de Atrogin-1 não se mostrou alterada em nenhum grupo enquanto a de MuRF-1 esteve aumentada no grupo DPC. A PC promove atrofia muscular e diminuição da locomoção. Quando associada à desnutrição, a atrofia muscular é acompanhada de aumento da degradação proteica muscular.
30

Palaeoecology of the late Permian mass extinction and subsequent recovery

Foster, William J. January 2015 (has links)
Climate warming during the latest Permian is associated with the most severe mass extinction event of the Phanerozoic, and the expansion of hypoxic and anoxic conditions into shallow shelf settings. Our understanding of the magnitude, pattern and duration of the extinction event and subsequent recovery remains equivocal. Evidence suggests that the action of waves provided an oxygenated refuge, i.e. ‘habitable zone’, above wave base that may be limited to high latitudes, in association with a faster pace of recovery. In addition, advanced recovery faunas have been documented from the Induan and there is evidence from the pelagic realm that further biotic crises may have delayed the recovery of benthic organisms coinciding with large carbon isotope perturbations at the Lower Triassic sub-stage boundaries. To test these hypotheses, novel palaeoecological data was collected from localities in Hungary, northern Italy, and Svalbard. To understand better the ecological impact of the extinction, a database of all known benthic marine invertebrates from the Permian and Triassic periods was created, with each taxon assigned to a functional group based on their inferred lifestyle. This study found that the skeletal and ichnofaunal assemblages consistent with advanced ecological recovery are limited to settings aerated by wave activity, which supports the habitable zone hypothesis. In the western Palaeotethyan sections it was found that the proximal end of the ‘habitable zone’ was limited by persistent environmental stress attributed to increased runoff that resulted in large salinity fluctuations, increased sedimentation rates and eutrophication creating an environment only favourable for opportunistic taxa. In the Tirolites carniolicus Zone, however, the ‘habitable zone’ expands into more proximal and offshore settings. This is associated with climate cooling in the late Spathian. The data also demonstrate that despite the taxonomic severity of the extinction, only one mode of life went extinct and only one subsequently evolved in the aftermath. Functional diversity was, however, reduced in particular regions and environmental settings, and recovery varied spatially and temporally. In western Palaeotethys, benthic communities record evidence for biotic crises, such as reduced tiering in the Smithian, associated with Early Triassic carbon isotope excursions, but, until the Spathian there was no significant change in the composition of the benthic faunas.

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