Notre recherche conduite dans le cadre de la Théorie Anthropologique du Didactique, nous a menée, suite à une étude épistémologique et didactique, à construire une organisation mathématique de référence autour du calcul soustractif. Cet outil théorique permet d’avancer, en analysant différents manuels scolaires de CE1 et de CE2, et des séances de calcul observées dans des classes de CE2, qu’un déficit en éléments technologiques, expliquerait en partie, les difficultés rencontrées par les élèves pour développer de la flexibilité et de l’adaptabilité en calcul mental et pour effectuer un calcul posé en colonne. Par ailleurs, l’évaluation de l’ingénierie que nous avons conçue, en nous appuyant sur L’organisation mathématique de référence et en restant « assez proche » des pratiques des enseignants, montre les effets positifs d’un travail régulier et progressif à partir des écritures arithmétiques sur les apprentissages des élèves. En revanche, les expérimentations permettent de pointer les limites des situations qui mettent en jeu la propriété de conservation des écarts quand celles-ci, n’engagent pas assez l’élève dans une co-construction du savoir. En ce sens, la thèse peut servir d’appui pour poursuivre la recherche engagée sur les conditions de viabilité d’une organisation didactique susceptible de fédérer le calcul mental et le calcul posé / Our research made for the sake of Didactics Anthropological Theory led us, after a didactical epistemological study, to build a mathematical organization of reference around subtractions. This theoretical tool permits us to progress, by analyzing different school books of CE1 and CE2 as well as maths sessions observed in classes of CE2, that a deficiency in technological elements , would explainin part, the difficulties faced by pupils when developing flexibility and adaptability in mental calculation as well as when performing a calculation put in a column. Furthermore, the evaluation of the engineering that we have designed basing ourselves on the reference of mathematical organization and by staying « quite close » to the teachers practices shows the positive effects of a regular and progressive work from the arithmetical writings on the pupils learning. On the other hand, the experiments allow us to point out the limits of the situations that involve the propriety of the conservation of differences when these don’t engage enough the learnerin a co-construction knowledge. In this sense, the thesis can serve as a support to continue the research engaged on the viability conditions of a mathematical organization as well as a didactical organisation susceptible of federationg mental calculation and vertical calculation.

This paper explores the relationship between anthropological research methods and business, marketing and research design. It is based on participant observation and semi-structured interviews.

This paper explores the relationship between anthropological research methods and business, marketing and research design. It is based on participant observation and semi-structured interviews.

Thesis (MIS)--University of Montana, 2009. / Contents viewed on November 30, 2009. Title from author supplied metadata. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1994. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [262]-288).

Final Project (M.A.)--John F. Kennedy University, 2006. / "July 18, 2006"--T.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-68).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed November 5, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Dept. of Anthropology". Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universitas Indonesia, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 229-241).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 294-330). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed September 3, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Dept. of Sociology". Includes bibliographical references.