Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-168). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 1986. / Includes bibliographies.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Zürich, 1931. / At head of title: Aus dem Anthropologischen Institut der Universitat Zürich. "Separatabdruck aus dem Archiv der Julius Klaus-Stiftung für Vererbungsforschung, Sozialanthropologie und Rassenhygiene Zürich 1931, Band VI, Heft 4"--T.p. verso. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 509-513).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2004. / Advisor: James Dowling. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Though now seen everywhere in the hospital and operating theater, there was a time when surgeons used no hand protection. In the late 19th century, however, as the science of bacteriology became more advanced, surgical glove usage spurred. Today, gloves serve an extremely important role, helping to maintain the sterile field and protect hospital staff from the transfer of bloodborne pathogens. Since they are so valuable, it is equally important that gloves fit properly as to not be detrimental to the surgeon. Gloves that are too tight increase fatigue rate and decrease fine finger dexterity. Gloves that are too loose can reduce tactile sensitivity caused by bunching of material at the fingers. Traditionally, the larger of measurement of hand circumference and hand length are used to determine glove size, but most select a size based on comfort of fit. To assist manufacturers with creating certain sizes, anthropometry is often used. Anthropometry is the study of the physical measures of the human body. Human-factors engineering is the science of applying anthropometric information to the design of devices intended for human use. In this study, two anthropometric databases, studies by Greiner and Pheasant, were utilized to obtain hand measurements representative of the general population, due to the population studied. For this study, 59 general surgeons (51 male, 8 female) were invited on separate dates to the Medtronic Minimally Invasive Therapies Group in North Haven, CT for Voice of Customer laboratories. While there, they completed surveys where they listed their preferred glove size, double gloving sizes, dominant hand, etc. In addition, the following six measurements were taken: hand circumference, maximum grip diameter, Digit 1 (D1) length, Digit 2 (D2) link length, Distance from D2 Metacarpo-phalangeal (MCP) to Distal Interphalangeal (DIP) joint, and D2 distal phalanx length (extrapolated). These measurements were averaged and compared to the numbers reported in the Greiner and Pheasant studies for analysis using a novel Microsoft Excel tool. Commonly used laparoscopic staplers were also measured to assess ergonomic usability amongst the surgeon population. Male surgeons had statistically significantly larger hands than female surgeons with respect to all measurements taken. Compared to men of the general population, male surgeons had significantly smaller grip diameter, D2 link length, yet a greater D1 Length. Compared to women of the general population, female surgeons had a greater hand circumference, yet smaller D2 link length. All other measurements recorded were statistically equivalent. In general, surgeons seem to select a preferred glove size based on their hand circumference (Pearson’s Correlation 0.799, R2 63.9%), followed by D2 Link Length (Pearson’s Correlation 0.631, R2 39.9%). The median glove size for male surgeons was 7.5 (0.50) and 6.0 (0.25) for female surgeons (p > 0.001). To evaluate the ergonomic usability of laparoscopic staplers, the measurement “Distance from D2 MCP to DIP joint” was developed internally to roughly assess effective trigger distance, where larger lengths would force the user to adjust their hand position. The handles of two commonly used laparoscopic staplers were measured to determine what proportion of the surgeon population could use them effectively. Based on these measurements, for the Medtronic Endo GIA™ Ultra Stapler, nearly all male surgeons and 99.8% of female surgeons could use it ergonomically. For the Ethicon ECHELON FLEX™ ENDOPATH® Stapler, only 78.2% of male surgeons and 30.9% of female surgeons could use it ergonomically. This study demonstrated that there exists a large amount of variability between each part of the hand based on the different measurements. Therefore, to best assure proper fitting gloves for the majority of users, a two metric system involving hand circumference and finger length would be useful to accommodate the inherent variability of the hand. With respect to laparoscopic stapling platforms, this study demonstrated that the instruments are simply too large to be used ergonomically by a large portion of the intended audience. Medical device manufacturers should look to create an adjustable handle such that the trigger distance can be manipulated to fit the needs of those surgeons with smaller hands.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:29:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 berbel_mn_me_botfm.pdf: 1170184 bytes, checksum: cf8c7d388502454d4354242dc768d1c4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Injúria Renal Aguda (IRA) é uma patologia que apresenta taxa de mortalidade elevada, principalmente em pacientes críticos com necessidade de diálise. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal realizar uma avaliação nutricional inicial e evolutiva de pacientes com IRA e, através dela, descrever as alterações nutricionais detectadas durante o acompanhamento nefrológico. Tratou-se de um estudo tipo coorte prospectivo que avaliou pacientes internados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP no período de março de 2008 a dezembro de 2009. Foram avaliados 133 pacientes com diagnóstico de IRA com apresentação clínica sugestiva de Necrose Tubular Aguda. O protocolo de avaliação nutricional foi composto por dados clínicos, bioquímicos, antropométricos, parâmetros de catabolismo e quantificação de ingestão alimentar, verificados diariamente ou semanalmente. Os pacientes apresentaram média de idade de 61±16 anos, com predomínio do sexo masculino (68%) e internação em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (67%). Diálise foi necessária em 58% dos casos, sepse esteve presente em 30% e desnutrição, diagnosticada pela Avaliação Subjetiva Global, em 60,2%. A porcentagem de óbitos foi de 26,3%. Durante as avaliações evolutivas foram observados aumento da transtirretina (0,13 ± 0,08 x 0,17 ± 0,09g/L, p=0,01) e transferrina (1,36 ± 0,53 x 1,44 ± 0,58g/L, p=0,04) e redução da creatinina (4,6 ± 2,5 x 2,6 ± 1,5mg/dL, p<0,0001) e Proteina C Reativa (17,4 ± 14,6 x 13,4 ± 12,1.mg/dL, p=0,003). A antropometria mostrou que houve redução significante no peso (73,6 ± 21,6 x 70,6 ± 21,6 kg, p<0,0001), circunferência do braço (31,5 ± 5,7 x 29,9 ± 5,4 cm, p=0,02) e prega cutânea triciptal (22 ± 11 x 19 ± 9 mm, p=0,02). Através da bioimpedância elétrica, foi observado aumento da resistência (323,0 ± 107,7 x 374,7 ± 117,8 ohms, p=0,001)... / Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a disease that presents high mortality rate, especially in critically ill patients requiring dialysis. This study aims at providing an initial and evolutionary nutritional assessment of patients with ARF and, through it, to describe the nutritional changes detected during follow-up nephrological. This was a prospective cohort study that evaluated patients admitted to the Hospital of the Medical School of Botucatu - UNESP from March 2008 to December 2009. We evaluated 133 patients with ARF with clinical presentation suggestive of acute tubular necrosis. The protocol of nutritional evaluation was made by clinical, biochemical and anthropometric datas, parameters of catabolism and quantification of food intake, checked daily or weekly. Patients had a mean age 61 ± 16 years, with male predominance (68%) and hospitalization in intensive care unit (67%). Dialysis was required in 58% of cases, sepsis in 30% and malnutrition, as diagnosed by the Subjective Global Assessment, in 60.2%. The death rate was 26.3%. During the assessments were observed evolutionary increase in transthyretin (0.13 ± 0.08 vs. 0.17±0.09 g/L, p = 0.01) and transferrin (1.36 ± 0.53 vs. 1.44 ± 0.58g/L, p = 0.04) and reduction of creatinine (4.6 ± 2.5 vs. 2.6 ± 1.5 mg /dL, p <0.0001) and C-Reactive Protein (17.4 ± 14.6 vs. 13.4 ± 12.1 mg/dL, p = 0.003). Anthropometric measurements showed a significant reduction in weight (73.6 ± 21.6 vs. 70.6 ± 21.6 kg, p <0.0001), arm circumference (31.5 ± 5.7 vs. 29.9 ± 5.4 cm, p = 0.02) and triceps skinfold thickness (22.5 ± 11 vs. 19.4 ± 9 mm, p=0.02). Through bioelectrical impedance analysis, we observed increased resistance (323.01 ± 107.66 vs. 374.73 ± 117.83 ohms, p=0.001) and decrease the phase angle (5.7 ± 2.6 vs. 4.9 ± 1.7, p=0.01) in patients requiring dialysis. There was significant improvement in nitrogen balance in the general... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

A face humana apresenta características próprias de acordo com a oclusão dentária, harmonia facial, musculatura orofacial, além do formato e configuração das estruturas craniofaciais. Tradicionalmente, medidas antropométricas têm sido adquiridas através de medições diretas de um sujeito em ambiente clínico, utilizando-se de compassos e fita métrica para medir distâncias ou arcos entre pontos de referência. Com o avanço científico e tecnológico, os dados anteriormente analógicos passaram então a ser digitais. Isto abriu a possibilidade de aquisição rápida, precisa e sem radiação, com suas informações sendo simultaneamente arquivadas para análises futuras e podendo ser compartilhadas facilmente com pacientes e colegas. Dentre as novas modalidades de análise facial a técnica da estereofotogrametria tem se destacado, onde um grupo de câmeras de captura rápida fotografam o sujeito a partir de múltiplos ângulos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar o perfil facial de um grupo de jovens adultos brasileiros assintomáticos para Disfunções Temporomandibulares (DTMs), com idade entre 18 e 30 anos através da técnica da estereofotogrametria, definindo características faciais comuns a este grupo, criar um banco de dados de mensurações faciais de uma parcela da população brasileira adulta jovem saudável para uso em futuros estudos complementares e testar a precisão e repetibilidade do aparelho Vectra M3®. Participaram do estudo 60 brasileiros adultos jovens sem DTM, sendo 30 homens (GH) e 30 mulheres (GM). O diagnóstico da DTM foi realizado com o Research Diagnostic Criteria For Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Após avaliação Odontológica inicial, foram realizadas marcações craniométricas transitórias em tecido mole e estes sujeitos foram submetidos à aquisição de imagens pela técnica da estereofotogrametria. Trinta e um pontos de referência (landmarks) foram utilizadas para realizar as medidas (em mm) de 42 distâncias. A repetibilidade do aparelho foi testada em 20% da amostra (12 sujeitos), não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0,05) em nenhuma das 42 distâncias entre a primeira e a segunda aquisição. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram a criação de um banco de dados de mensurações faciais de uma parcela população brasileira jovem saudável. As distâncias Tr-N, N-Sn, Tr-G, Ls-Sto, Sto-Li, En[r]-En[l] e Prn-Sn não mostraram-se estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos GH e GM, sendo que as outras 35 medidas apresentaram-se significantemente maiores no grupo GH. O aparelho de estereofotogrametria Vectra M3® mostrou alto grau de precisão e repetibilidade. / The human face presents characteristics according to dental occlusion, facial harmony, orofacial musculature, besides the format and configuration of craniofacial structures. Traditionally, anthropometric measurements have been acquired through direct measurements of a subject inside clinical environment, using calipers and metric tapes to measure distance between arches and landmarks. Along with scientific breakthrough, the data, used to be analogic, became digital. It opened the possibility of quick, precise and radiation-free acquisitions, with its details being simultaneously archived for future analysis and being able to be easily shared with patients and colleagues. Among new facial analysis methods the stereophotogrammetry technique has emerged, where a group of cameras with fast acquisition take photographs of the subject from multiple angles. The aim of this work was analyze the anthropometric profile of a group consisted of young Brazilian adults without symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs), aged between 18 and 30 years old, defining facial characteristics that are common to them, create a database of facial measurements for a portion of a young healthy Brazilian population to be used in future works and test the precision and repeatability of the Vectra M3® equipment. 60 young adult Brazilians without TMD participated in this study, 30 males and 30 females. The TMD diagnose was accomplished with the Research Diagnostic Criteria For Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). After early Odontological exam, temporary craniometrical landmarks were performed in soft tissue and those subjects underwent to imaging acquisition by the stereophotogrammetry technique. 31 landmarks were used to make the measurements (in mm) of 42 distances. The equipment repeatability was tested in 20% of the sample (12 subjects), not having statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in none of the 42 distances between first and second acquisitions. The obtained results allowed the creation of a database containing facial distances of a portion of a young healthy Brazilian population. The distances Tr-N, N-Sn, Tr-G, Ls-Sto, Sto-Li, En[r]-En[l] e Prn-Sn didn\'t show statistical difference between the group GH and GM, while the other 35 distances were significantly greater in GH. The equipment Vectra M3® showed a high level of precision and repeatability.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_lb_me_botfm.pdf: 1089510 bytes, checksum: ecd50712c6b09067784c27aba5099f66 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Há algumas décadas, os padrões de crescimento populacional têm-se mostrado elevados no que se referem à população idosa. O aumento acentuado do número de idosos, particularmente nos países em desenvolvimento, trouxe consequências para a sociedade, necessitando, para o enfrentamento desse desafio, da identificação das causas determinantes das atuais condições de saúde e de vida dos idosos, e do conhecimento das múltiplas facetas que envolvem o processo do envelhecimento. Sendo assim, essa pesquisa visou verificar de existe associação entre a qualidade de vida e aspectos nutricionais em uma amostra de idosos do município de Botucatu-SP. Tratou-se de um estudo epidemiológico, transversal, populacional com indivíduos de 60 anos ou mais. Foi realizada uma entrevista domiciliar da qual participaram 96 idosos com média de idade de 75,11±7 anos, de maioria feminina (60%), de baixa escolaridade, maioria casada (62,11%) e aposentada (84,21%). Quando questionados sobre a qualidade de vida, 72,62% relataram viver com qualidade de vida, segundo classificação de Flanagan. Referente à autonomia nas atividades da vida diária (Índice de Katz), 100% referiu ser independente, já nas atividades instrumentais da vida diária (Escala de Lawton) 90,59% referiu ser independente. “Ser independente” foi o item que mais se relacionou com a qualidade de vida dos idosos. Quando ao estado nutricional, obteve-se 43,86% de excesso de peso. As medidas antropométricas diminuem com o avançar da idade, mesmo que nem sempre essa diminuição seja significativa. Não foi observada nenhuma associação significativa entre as medidas antropométricas e o estado nutricional com a qualidade de vida. O consumo de macronutrientes está de acordo com as recomendações, diferentemente do consumo de fibras que está abaixo. Quanto aos micronutrientes, cerca de metade nos nutrientes avaliados apresentam... / In the last few decades, population growth patterns have shown high figures for older adults. The accentuated increase in the number of older individuals, particularly in developed countries, has brought consequences to society, and in order to face such challenge, it is necessary to identify the determinant causes of older persons’ present health and life conditions. Knowledge concerning the multiple facets that involve the ageing process is also required. Hence, this study aimed at evaluating the existence of an association between quality of life and nutritional aspects in a sample of older residents in the city of Botucatu – SP, Brazil. It was an epidemiological, cross-sectional, population-based study on individuals aged 60 years or older. A home interview was conducted with 96 individuals at a mean age of 75.11±7 years. Most of them were females (60%), poorly educated, married (62,11%) and retired (84,21%). When questioned about their quality of life, 72.62% reported to be satisfied about it, according to Flanagan. As regards autonomy in their activities of daily living (Katz Index), 100% were classified as independent, and concerning instrumental activities of daily living (Lawton Index), 90.59% were classified as independent. Being independent was the item most often related to the older individuals’ quality of life. As to nutritional status, it was found that 43,86% of the participants were overweight. Anthropometric measurements reduced as age advanced, even though such reduction was not always significant. No significant association between anthropometric measurements or nutritional status with quality of life was observed. The intake of nutrients was according to recommendations, differently from the intake of fibers, which was below recommended levels. As regards micronutrients, approximately half of the nutrients evaluated showed low intake inadequacy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)