Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio State University, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 175 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Robert L. Hamlin, Dept.of Veterinary Biosciences. Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-175).

No description available.

The effect of salbutamol on performance was studied in 7 male non-asthmatic elite (VO₂max ≥ 60 ml/kg/min) athletes. The subjects entered the study just prior to their competitive season. Salbutamol (2 puffs=200 µg) or placebo was administered by metered-dose inhaler, through a spacer device, 20 minutes prior to testing in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. Pulmonary functions including maximum flow volume curves were performed on the first two visits, at 5 intervals (pre-medication, 20 minutes post-medication, and 5, 10, and 20 minutes post-exercise). The first two sessions combined these pulmonary function measures with an exercise bout consisting of a continuously ramped cycle ergometer ride to exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), peak power, and maximal heart rate. Pulse oximetry was used to measure the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. The next sessions involved performing a 45 minute ride at 70% of VO₂max, followed by a timed sprint to exhaustion. Lastly, a Wingate anaerobic test was used to measure total work and peak power. There was a non-significant decrease in VO₂max from a mean of 63.5 ml/kg/min (± 3.2) for the placebo (P) trial, to a mean of 62.6 (± 3.3) with salbutamol (S). No difference was found in peak power (P= 438 Watts ±26.3, S= 438 ±27.9) or maximum heart rate (P=191 beats/min ±5.4, S=191 ±6.0). The performance related variables of endurance sprint time (P=104 seconds ±22.8, S= 97 ±31.4), and Wingate peak power (P= 10.12 Watts/kg ±0.57, S= 9.97 ±0.60) showed a non-significant decrease, while the total work performed on the Wingate test (P= 19.30 kJ ±2.09, S= 19.61 ±1.54) displayed a non-significant increase. The data failed to show significance despite using statistical analysis with a level of significance of p<0.20 to maximize the power of the tests. There was a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in post medication (pre-exercise) forced expiratory volume (FEV₁) of 4.5% with salbutamol. This baseline increase persisted post-exercise, but there was no interaction effect of salbutamol and placebo over time. This represents an expected effect in non-asthmatic individuals, and although statistical significance was achieved, the magnitude of difference is not considered to be clinically significant. It was concluded that a therapeutic dose of aerosol salbutamol does not have an ergogenic effect in elite non-asthmatic athletes and it is therefore recommended that inhaled salbutamol continue to be permitted in international competition for individuals with exercise induced asthma. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A asma é um distúrbio crônico pulmonar caracterizado por inflamação, obstrução e remodelamento brônquico, levando a sintomas como sibilo, tosse e falta de ar. A terapia antiasmática consiste em corticosteroides inalados e agonistas &#946;2 de curta ou longa duração. O tratamento é limitado por efeitos colaterais e refratariedade de alguns pacientes, justificando a necessidade de novas terapias. Estudos demonstram que a 15-deoxy-delta- 12,14-prostaglandina J2 (15d-PGJ2), um ligante endógeno de receptores ativados por proliferadores de peroxissomos do tipo gama (PPAR-&#947;), é capaz de reduzir a expressão de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, o que pode resultar em benefícios no tratamento de doenças com esse perfil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial anti-inflamatório e antiasmático da 15d-PGJ2 em modelos experimentais de asma. Camundongos A/J machos foram sensibilizados nos dias 0 e 7 através de injeção subcutânea (s.c.), contendo ovoalbumina (OVA) e Al(OH)3, e desafiados com 4 instilações intranasais (i.n.) de OVA em intervalos semanais. O tratamento com 15d-PGJ2 (30 e 100 &#61549;g/Kg, s.c.) foi realizado 30 min antes dos desafios a partir da terceira provocação antigênica. Em outro modelo, camundongos A/J foram desafiados intranasalmente com extrato de ácaro 3 vezes por semana durante 3 semanas. As administrações de 15d-PGJ2 (30, 70 e 100 g/Kg, s.c. e 0,65; 1,5 e 2,3 g/animal, i.n.) foram realizadas a partir da 3 semana, 30 min antes dos desafios. As análises ocorreram 24 h após o último desafio. Nossos resultados mostraram que, em camundongos previamente sensibilizados e desafiados com OVA, a administração de 15d-PGJ2 limitou significativamente o influxo peribrônquico de eosinófilos e neutrófilos, bem como a produção de muco por células caliciformes e fibrose sub-epitelial, além da hiperreatividade das vias aéreas e produção de IL-5. A redução do epitélio brônquico e das citocinas IL-13 e TNF-&#945; foram observadas somente na maior dose administrada. No modelo HDM a inflamação e o remodelamento foram atenuados em todas as doses administradas do composto, enquanto que a hiperresponssividade brônquica foi inibida apenas nas doses de 70 e 100 &#956;g/Kg (via sistêmica) e na dose intermediária dada topicamente (1,5 &#956;g/animal, i.n.). Os níveis de citocinas foram atenuados pelo tratamento subcutâneo, porém somente os níveis de IL-17, eotaxina-1 e TNF-&#945; foram inibidos com a dose intranasal de 0,65 g/animal. O aumento da expressão de NF-&#954;B, induzido por provocação com HDM também foi reduzido significativamente pela administração de 15d-PGJ2. Em conjunto, nossos dados indicam que o tratamento com 15d-PGJ2 inibe alterações cruciais associadas à patogênese da asma, em modelos experimentais distintos da doença, demonstrando possuir grande potencial para controlar e reverter inflamação, hiperreatividade e remodelamento pulmonar desencadeados por provocação alérgica. / Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disorder characterized by inflammation, obstruction and airway remodeling, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing and breathlessness. Asthma therapy is based on inhaled corticosteroids and short or long term-&#946;2 agonists. The treatment is limited by side effects and some refractory patients, justifying the study for new therapies. Studies have demonstrated that 15-deoxy-delta-12 ,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), an endogenous ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-&#947;) can reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, providing a protective effect in diseases with this profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiasthmatic properties of 15d-PGJ2 in murine models of experimental asthma. A/J mice rats were sensitized on days 0 and 7 by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection , containing ovalbumin (OVA) and Al(OH)3, and challenged with 4 intranasal OVA instillations at weekly intervals. 15d-PGJ2 treatment (30 and 100 &#956;g/Kg) was performed 30 min before the challenges from the third antigen challenge. In another model, A/J mice were intranasally (i.n.) challenged with mite extract 3 times per week for 3 weeks. The administration of 15d-PGJ2 (30, 70 and 100 &#956;g /Kg, s.c. and 0.65, 1.5 and 2.3 &#956;g / animal, i.n.) were performed from the 3rd week, 30 min before the challenges. The analyzes were 24 h after the last challenge. Our results showed that in previously OVA-sensitized and challenged mice, administration of 15d-PGJ2 limited significantly (p <0.05), eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation and mucus production by goblet cells and sub-epithelial fibrosis, as well as airways hyperreactivity and IL-5 production. The reduction of bronchial epithelium and IL-13 and TNF-&#945; were observed only at the highest dose administered. In HDM model, inflammatory and remodeling parameters were attenuated in all administered doses of compound, whereas bronchial hyperresponsiveness was inhibited only at doses of 70 and 100 &#956;g/kg (s.c.) and 1.5 &#956;g/animal (i.n.). Serum cytokine levels were attenuated by subcutaneous treatment, but only IL-17, Eotaxin-1 and TNF-&#945; was inhibited by intranasal dose of 0.65 &#956;g/ animal. The increased expression of NF-kB induced by HDM challenge was also significantly reduced by the administration of 15d-PGJ2. Together, our data indicate that treatment with 15d-PGJ2 inhibits critical changes associated with the pathogenesis of asthma in different experimental models of the disease, demonstrating great potential to control and reverse pulmonary inflammation, hyperresponsiveness and remodeling triggered by allergen challenge.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A asma é um distúrbio crônico pulmonar caracterizado por inflamação, obstrução e remodelamento brônquico, levando a sintomas como sibilo, tosse e falta de ar. A terapia antiasmática consiste em corticosteroides inalados e agonistas &#946;2 de curta ou longa duração. O tratamento é limitado por efeitos colaterais e refratariedade de alguns pacientes, justificando a necessidade de novas terapias. Estudos demonstram que a 15-deoxy-delta- 12,14-prostaglandina J2 (15d-PGJ2), um ligante endógeno de receptores ativados por proliferadores de peroxissomos do tipo gama (PPAR-&#947;), é capaz de reduzir a expressão de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, o que pode resultar em benefícios no tratamento de doenças com esse perfil. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial anti-inflamatório e antiasmático da 15d-PGJ2 em modelos experimentais de asma. Camundongos A/J machos foram sensibilizados nos dias 0 e 7 através de injeção subcutânea (s.c.), contendo ovoalbumina (OVA) e Al(OH)3, e desafiados com 4 instilações intranasais (i.n.) de OVA em intervalos semanais. O tratamento com 15d-PGJ2 (30 e 100 &#61549;g/Kg, s.c.) foi realizado 30 min antes dos desafios a partir da terceira provocação antigênica. Em outro modelo, camundongos A/J foram desafiados intranasalmente com extrato de ácaro 3 vezes por semana durante 3 semanas. As administrações de 15d-PGJ2 (30, 70 e 100 g/Kg, s.c. e 0,65; 1,5 e 2,3 g/animal, i.n.) foram realizadas a partir da 3 semana, 30 min antes dos desafios. As análises ocorreram 24 h após o último desafio. Nossos resultados mostraram que, em camundongos previamente sensibilizados e desafiados com OVA, a administração de 15d-PGJ2 limitou significativamente o influxo peribrônquico de eosinófilos e neutrófilos, bem como a produção de muco por células caliciformes e fibrose sub-epitelial, além da hiperreatividade das vias aéreas e produção de IL-5. A redução do epitélio brônquico e das citocinas IL-13 e TNF-&#945; foram observadas somente na maior dose administrada. No modelo HDM a inflamação e o remodelamento foram atenuados em todas as doses administradas do composto, enquanto que a hiperresponssividade brônquica foi inibida apenas nas doses de 70 e 100 &#956;g/Kg (via sistêmica) e na dose intermediária dada topicamente (1,5 &#956;g/animal, i.n.). Os níveis de citocinas foram atenuados pelo tratamento subcutâneo, porém somente os níveis de IL-17, eotaxina-1 e TNF-&#945; foram inibidos com a dose intranasal de 0,65 g/animal. O aumento da expressão de NF-&#954;B, induzido por provocação com HDM também foi reduzido significativamente pela administração de 15d-PGJ2. Em conjunto, nossos dados indicam que o tratamento com 15d-PGJ2 inibe alterações cruciais associadas à patogênese da asma, em modelos experimentais distintos da doença, demonstrando possuir grande potencial para controlar e reverter inflamação, hiperreatividade e remodelamento pulmonar desencadeados por provocação alérgica. / Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disorder characterized by inflammation, obstruction and airway remodeling, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing and breathlessness. Asthma therapy is based on inhaled corticosteroids and short or long term-&#946;2 agonists. The treatment is limited by side effects and some refractory patients, justifying the study for new therapies. Studies have demonstrated that 15-deoxy-delta-12 ,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), an endogenous ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-&#947;) can reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, providing a protective effect in diseases with this profile. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiasthmatic properties of 15d-PGJ2 in murine models of experimental asthma. A/J mice rats were sensitized on days 0 and 7 by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection , containing ovalbumin (OVA) and Al(OH)3, and challenged with 4 intranasal OVA instillations at weekly intervals. 15d-PGJ2 treatment (30 and 100 &#956;g/Kg) was performed 30 min before the challenges from the third antigen challenge. In another model, A/J mice were intranasally (i.n.) challenged with mite extract 3 times per week for 3 weeks. The administration of 15d-PGJ2 (30, 70 and 100 &#956;g /Kg, s.c. and 0.65, 1.5 and 2.3 &#956;g / animal, i.n.) were performed from the 3rd week, 30 min before the challenges. The analyzes were 24 h after the last challenge. Our results showed that in previously OVA-sensitized and challenged mice, administration of 15d-PGJ2 limited significantly (p <0.05), eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation and mucus production by goblet cells and sub-epithelial fibrosis, as well as airways hyperreactivity and IL-5 production. The reduction of bronchial epithelium and IL-13 and TNF-&#945; were observed only at the highest dose administered. In HDM model, inflammatory and remodeling parameters were attenuated in all administered doses of compound, whereas bronchial hyperresponsiveness was inhibited only at doses of 70 and 100 &#956;g/kg (s.c.) and 1.5 &#956;g/animal (i.n.). Serum cytokine levels were attenuated by subcutaneous treatment, but only IL-17, Eotaxin-1 and TNF-&#945; was inhibited by intranasal dose of 0.65 &#956;g/ animal. The increased expression of NF-kB induced by HDM challenge was also significantly reduced by the administration of 15d-PGJ2. Together, our data indicate that treatment with 15d-PGJ2 inhibits critical changes associated with the pathogenesis of asthma in different experimental models of the disease, demonstrating great potential to control and reverse pulmonary inflammation, hyperresponsiveness and remodeling triggered by allergen challenge.