<p> </p> <p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Understanding how individuals cope depends on understanding their appraisals of anticipated challenges. Efforts to address the effects of discrimination and understand individual differences in coping have not employed systematic theories that account for victims’ active efforts to cope over time. Building from a transactional model of appraisal and coping, the present research examines the relative impact of anticipated versus actual experiences of discrimination on psychological distress among Latinx emerging adults. Moreover, to the extent that anticipated discrimination and distress are associated, cognitive and emotion regulatory mechanisms spanning general capacity, ethnic identity, and bicultural competence were explored. <strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-three Latinx participants recruited from a Predominantly White Institution (PWI) in the Midwest completed surveys about ethnic identity, emotion regulation, bicultural competence, experiences of discrimination, anticipated discrimination, and demographics. Thirty-one out of these 73 participants completed a follow-up survey comprised of the same questions as in Time 1. Contributions of anticipated discrimination, above and beyond discrimination, and moderators of the anticipated discrimination – psychological distress relationship were tested using hierarchical multiple regressions. <strong>Results: </strong>While discrimination did not account for significant variance in psychological distress above and beyond actual experiences of discrimination, analyses of order effects revealed that anticipated discrimination accounted for a significant amount of variance in psychological distress outcomes when entered first in the model for both current and subsequent distress. Moderation analyses did not yield statistically significant results of centrality, private regard, emotion regulation, or bicultural competence. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contrary to predictions, ethnic identity variables, bicultural competence, and emotion regulation capacity did not moderate the relationship between anticipated discrimination and distress. However, the present study underscores the importance of continued efforts to understand the mechanisms that influence anticipated discrimination as it has a significant negative effect on the mental health outcomes for Latinx individuals.</p>

The present study investigated the effect of anticipated feedback proximity (immediately after completing the task or one week later) on performance and the moderating role of self-efficacy and task types (analytical or creative). I hypothesized that expecting rapid feedback should yield better performance than expecting delayed feedback, for people with high self-efficacy or those who receive analytical tasks. For those who receive creative tasks or have low self-efficacy, expecting rapid feedback may produce negative impact on performance. The results indicated a trend of main effect of anticipated feedback proximity. Specifically, participants performed better when they expected immediate feedback relative to expecting delayed feedback, regardless of the task type. There was also a main effect of task type. Performance on the analytical tasks was better than performance on the creative tasks. However, neither self-efficacy nor task type moderated the effects of anticipated feedback proximity. The implications for these findings are discussed herein.

The aim of this research is to develop the understanding of food waste behavior by analyzing student’s intention to reduce household food waste. The determinants Attitude, Subjective Norm and Perceived Behavioral Control (scope of Theory of Planned Behavior), as well as the Anticipated Emotions were therefore investigated. Data from a sample of 209 students at Uppsala University, Campus Gotland (Sweden) were collected with a web-based survey and used to identify the relevant factors. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that Attitude and Perceived Behavioral Control has a significant positive relation to the students’ Intention to reduce food waste. Subjective Norm and Anticipated Emotions did not reach statistical significance and could therefore not be used to draw conclusions. As a limitation, it must be considered that the focus is purely on the intention and the actual behavior was not part of the research. In addition, a missing universal definition of food waste leaves space for interpretation. What food (parts) is seen as edible depends on individual perception. People have different perceptions of what is edible. The findings of the research are helpful to recommend strategies on how to increase the intention to waste less food. Therefore it contributes to address the global issue of food waste. It outlines the factors that appear to drive the largest change in altering the intention to reduce food wastage.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:07:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 freire_lms_me_botfca.pdf: 464912 bytes, checksum: 7a720d8ad65761d9fd059ef04d5e3e74 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O rendimento de grãos de milho é influenciado pela disponibilidade de nitrogênio no solo durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento da planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar em sistema de semeadura direta, os resultados obtidos com a adubação nitrogenada em pré-semeadura e em cobertura na cultura do milho analisando a produtividade de grãos desta cultura e da cultura subsequente, o girassol. O experimento foi conduzido em uma área no sistema de semeadura direta há cinco anos, no Sítio Santo Antônio em Pirassununga, SP no ano agrícola 2004/2005. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de parcelas subdivididas, sendo 3 híbridos de milho, 4 épocas de adubação e 5 repetições. A dose em cobertura de 102,5 kg ha-1 N, com o adubo 25-15-10, tendo como fonte de N o nitrato de amônio, foi aplicado nas seguintes épocas: Tratamento 1 (E1): testemunha (sem aplicação antecipada e sem cobertura de N); Tratamento 2 (E2): todo N em cobertura com milho de 3 a 4 folhas expandidas; Tratamento 3 (E3): em cobertura metade da dose de N com milho de 3 a 4 folhas expandidas e o restante de N com milho de 7 a 8 folhas expandidas; e Tratamento 4 (E4): metade da dose de N em pré-semeadura (15 dias antes da semeadura), e a metade restante de N em cobertura com milho de 3 a 4 folhas expandidas. Após a colheita do milho semeou-se girassol nestas áreas. Como resultado para o milho tem-se os híbridos se comportaram de maneira diferentes quanto as épocas de adubação de cobertura de N, onde os híbridos AG 8060 e Pointer não apresentam diferenças significativas entre a E2, E3 e E4; já o híbrido DKB 390 apresenta sua melhor resposta na E2 e a menor média na E4. Para a cultura do girassol, as épocas de adubação de milho não interferem na produtividade, porém, o girassol semeado após o híbrido DKB 390 apresenta menor produtividade quando comparado com os híbridos AG 8060 e Pointer. / The income of grains of corn is influenced by the avaiability of nitrogen in soil during the cycle of a plant development. The mainly objective of this research evaluate the results obtained with the nitrogen fertilization in pre-sowing and in covering of the culture of corn in a no-tillage system analyzing the productivity of grains from this culture and the subsequent culture, the sunflower. The experimented was in an area were there had already been developed the no-tillage system for five years, in the Santo Antônio Farm in Pirassununga, SP, in agricultural year 2004/2005. Used the experimental outline of subdivided parcels, being 3 corns hybrids, 4 timings of fertilization and 5 repetitions. The dose covering 102,5 kg ha-1 N, with 25-15-10 fertilizer, and as a source of N ammonium nitrate was applied at the following times: Treatment 1 (E1): testimony ( without anticipated application of without application of N in covering); Treatment 2 (E2): all N in covering with corn of 3 to 4 expanded leaves; Treatment 3 (E3): in covering with half dose of N with corn of 3 to 4 expanded leaves and half of the left dose of N with corn of 7 to 8 expanded leaves; and Treatment 4 (E4): half dose of N in pre-sowing (15 days before sowing), and half dose of N in covering with corn of 3 to 4 expanded leaves. After of harvest of corn was sowing sunflower this area. As result for the corn has been the hybrids behaved as different seasons as the times of covering fertilization of N, where the hybrid AG 8060 and Pointer not differ significantly between the E2, E3 and E4; since the hybrid DKB 390 presents its best response in the E2 and the lowest average in the E4. For the culture of sunflower, the times of fertilization of corn does not interfere with productivity, however, the sunflower sown after the hybrid DKB 390 has lower productivity compared to the hybrid AG 8060 and Pointer.

abstract: In the present research, two interventions were developed to increase sun protection in young women. The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of intervention content eliciting strong emotional responses to visual images depicting photoaging and skin cancer, specifically fear and disgust, coupled with a message of self-efficacy and benefits of sun protection (the F intervention) with an intervention that did not contain an emotional arousal component (the E intervention). Further, these two intervention conditions were compared to a control condition that contained an emotional arousal component that elicited emotion unrelated to the threat of skin cancer or photoaging (the C control condition). A longitudinal study design was employed, to examine the effects of condition immediately following the intervention, and to examine sun protection behavior 2 weeks after the intervention. A total of 352 undergraduate women at Arizona State University were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions (F n = 148, E n = 73, C n = 131). Several psychosocial constructs, including benefits of sun protection, susceptibility to and severity of photoaging and sun exposure, self-efficacy beliefs of making sun protection a daily habit, and barriers to sun protection were measured before and immediately following the intervention. Sun protection behavior was measured two weeks later. Those in the full intervention reported higher self-efficacy and severity of photoaging at immediate posttest than those in the efficacy only and control conditions. The fit of several path models was tested to explore underlying mechanisms by which the intervention affected sun protection behavior. Experienced emotion, specifically fear and disgust, predicted susceptibility and severity, which in turn predicted anticipated regret of failing to use sun protection. The relationship between this overall threat component (experienced emotion, susceptibility, severity, and anticipated regret) and intentions to engage in sun protection behavior was mediated by benefits. The present research provided evidence of the effectiveness of threat specific emotional arousal coupled with a self-efficacy and benefits message in interventions to increase sun protection. Further, this research provided additional support for the inclusion of both experienced and anticipated emotion in models of health behavior. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Psychology 2011

abstract: Positive alcohol outcome expectancies (AOEs) are consistent longitudinal predictors of later alcohol use; however, exclusion of solitary drinking contexts in the measurement of AOEs may have resulted in an underestimation of the importance of low arousal positive (LAP) effects. The current study aimed to clarify the literature on the association between AOEs and drinking outcomes by examining the role of drinking context in AOE measurement. Further, exclusion of contextual influences has also limited understanding of the unique effects of AOEs relative to subjective responses (SR) to alcohol. The present study addressed this important question by exploring relations between AOEs and SR when drinking context was held constant across parallel measures of these constructs. Understanding which of these factors drives relations between alcohol effects and drinking behavior has important implications for intervention. After conducting confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and tests of measurement invariance for the AOE and SR measures, 4 aims collectively examined the role of context in reporting of AOEs (Aims 1 and 2), the extent to which context specific AOEs uniquely relate to drinking outcomes (Aim 3), and the importance of context effects on correspondence between AOEs and SR (Aim 4). Results of Aims 1 and 2 demonstrated that participants are imagining contexts when reporting on measures of AOEs that do not specify the context, and found significant mean differences in high and low arousal positive AOEs across contexts. Contrary to the hypotheses of Aim 3, context-specific AOEs were not significantly associated with drinking behavior. Results of Aim 4 indicated that while LAP AOEs for both unspecified and solitary contexts were associated with LAP SR in a solitary setting, unspecified context AOEs had a stronger relation than the solitary context AOEs. No significant relations between high arousal positive (HAP) AOEs and HAP SR emerged. The findings suggest that further investigation of the relation between context-specific AOEs and drinking outcomes/SR is warranted. Future studies of these hypotheses in samples with a wider range of drinking behavior, or at different stages of alcohol involvement, will elucidate whether mean level differences in context specific AOEs are important in understanding alcohol related outcomes. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2016

Descriptive menu labels are omnipresent elements in restaurant menus. Food service operations often use sensory, nostalgic, and brand descriptions to signal a customer's food-specific perceptions. Extant research has shown links between descriptive menu labels and food taste/enjoyment perceptions. To extend and expand the extant literature, this dissertation proposes that descriptive menu labels can be viewed as an anthropomorphizing factor, leading to different magnitudes of consumption-related attitudes and behavioral intentions in a restaurant. Drawing from metaphoric transfer theory and social impression models, the present research study suggests that descriptive labels in a restaurant transmit metaphors that influence consumers' impending warmth and competence perceptions of a restaurant. This dissertation also investigates the potential inversed magnitudes of anticipated satisfaction and willingness-to-pay-more driven by warmth/competence. In this empirical study, descriptive menu labels were experimentally manipulated. Consumers' warmth-related and competence-related service impressions, anticipated satisfaction, and willingness-to-pay-more more were measured. The empirical investigation comprised two pretests and one main study. The hypotheses were tested in two menu contexts (an entrée menu vs. a dessert menu). Overall, the results suggest that customers view a restaurant with sensory- and nostalgia-triggering descriptions as offering warmer impending services (i.e., with kindness, generosity, and understanding) compared to a restaurant with general descriptions. On the other hand, customers view a restaurant that utilizes brand-related descriptions as providing more competent and skilled impending services than a restaurant that utilizes general descriptions. In addition, the findings suggest that consumers' warmth impressions serve a more important role in their anticipated satisfaction than do their competence impressions; however, regarding willingness-to-pay-more, competence impressions factor more significantly than do warmth impressions. The replications of the results across the two menu contexts showed the robustness of the findings; however, there was a different pattern observed for the effects of sensory labels on consumers' warmth-related impressions in the dessert menu selection context. This dissertation contributes to emerging streams of menu labeling and service management literature. The findings presented in this dissertation have both theoretical and managerial implications for the food service industry. / Ph. D.

No description available.

This study evaluated clinical and cultural barriers to help seeking to identify which factor best predicted African American undergraduate student initial attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help (ATSPPH-short form). Predictor variables included anticipated utility, emotional openness, cultural mistrust, racial identity development, and stigma. Moderator variables controlled for prior counseling, gender and site. This study built upon prior research by evaluating clinical and cultural factors together and utilizing an information processing model to conceptualize data (Vogel et al., 2006). The focus on African American undergraduate students was based on retention problems for this population (American Council on Education, 2006) and underutilization of counseling by this population despite evidence of links between counseling & college persistence (Alford, 2000; Hamilton, 2006; Kearney, Draper & Barron, 2005; Trippi & Cheatham, 1991; & Wilson, Mason & Ewing, 1997). Sixty seven students from two Northeastern US colleges were surveyed. Direct correlation analysis found nine significant relationships with ATSPPH. Controlled for prior counseling use, anticipated benefit (r = .423, p=.001), Emotional Openness (r = .330, p=.010), and an Assimilationist Ideology of Racial Identity (r = .296, p=.022) were correlated with ATSPPH. Stepwise Multiple Regression found four significant predictors of attitudes, anticipated benefit (F=15.062, p&lt;.001), Private Regard subscale of Racial Identity Development (F=13.845, p&lt;.001), Prior Counseling (F=11.791, p&lt;.001), and Emotional Openness (F=10.485, p&lt;.001). Predictors appeared to match each level of the information processing model, suggesting a complex decision making process. Future research might repeat the model with greater or different populations. / Counseling Psychology

The present paper extends previous research in terms of integrating social learning with morality theories, under the framework of moral educators’ and their conflicting moral influences. Specifically, this study aims to investigate the impact of witnessing moral educators breaking (their) moral teachings on individual’s morality and criminal behavior using a sample of two countries, Sweden and Greece, with similar population but entirely different cultural and social characteristics. We focus on three research questions regarding the correlations and (i) the explanatory influence of witnessing this conflict on moral emotions and values by gender and country, (ii) its impact on traditional crime by gender and country and (iii) the impact that witnessing the conflict and morality mutually have on traditional crime in the two countries. Our findings emerge in three key points. First, we found that witnessing moral educators influenced both moral emotions differentially in each country and gender, but only affected Swedish males’ moral values. Secondly, our results showed that witnessing moral educators can explain a moderate to small variance of traditional crime only for males in the two countries. Lastly, we found that witnessing moral educators together with morality can explain a moderate variance of traditional crime in the two countries, while gender is highly important for both countries. Findings are discussed in relation to theory and previous research. Future research is recommended in order to expand the understanding of the cultural and social learning processes that inhibit (im)moral contexts and subsequently affect morality and offending.