Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_luciana_de_souza_prestes.pdf: 639498 bytes, checksum: 9c1976427686fabac552dc1245d7e353 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-23 / The use of medicinal plants in treatment of disease follows the history of mankind. In third world countries, including Brazil, where 70-80% of the population lacks health pharmaceutical, medicinal plants are used as alternative therapy. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo, extracts of plants of the family Myrtaceae against microorganisms that cause diarrhea and its effect on intestinal motility through biological model in rats. We selected three plant family Myrtaceae popularly used in the treatment of diarrhea: guava (Psidium guajava L.), surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) and strawberry guava (Psidium cattleyanum Sabine) belonging to the COOPAVA (Cooperative Agricultural Production Vista Alegre). Hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared with essential oils and leaves of plants harvested at three phenological stages: fruit set, flowering, and rest. The extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus). Besides the hydroalcoholic extracts prepared essential oils from three plants and tested against the same microorganisms and some of its constituent were identified by gas chromatography coupled to the spectrometer massas-GC/MS. The hydroalcoholic extract of guava and infused with a better outcome in vitro test was chosen for the evaluation of antidiarrhoeal activity of the plant in vivo. In vitro tests were performed by broth microdilution technique for assessment of minimal bactericidal (MBC). The in vivo tests were performed by testing for induction of diarrhea with castor oil in rats. The constituents found in all plants by chromatographic analysis were α-and α-humulene copaene. The best result of the hydroalcoholic extract against S. aureus was prepared with fresh guava leaves harvested during the flowering season with geometric mean of quadruplicates of 3.25%, against S. typhimurium the three plants showed antibacterial activity at concentration of 25% with extracts harvested at the time of fruiting and leaf dry weight (strawberry guava and surinam cherry) and at home with fresh and dry leaf of guava.E. Front coli, the minimum bactericidal concentration was 25% with the leaf extract surinam cherry harvested in dry home, dry leaves harvested at the time of strawberry guava fruit and dried leaves of guava harvested in the home. The oil of guava showed bactericidal activity against E. coli at a concentration of 2%, compared to S. aureus and S. typhimurium at a concentration of 8%. The oil of guava showed no bactericidal activity against microorganisms tested and the oil surinam cherry showed bactericidal activity at a concentration of 8% compared to S. aureus and S. typhimurium. With our method, the hydroalcoholic extract and the infusion of the dried leaves harvested at the fruiting of guava, showed no activity antidiarrhoeal. / O uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de enfermidades acompanha a história da humanidade. Em países do terceiro mundo, incluindo o Brasil, onde 70-80% da população não tem assistência farmacêutica, as plantas medicinais são utilizadas como alternativa terapêutica. Avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana in vitro e in vivo de extratos da plantas da família Myrtaceae frente a microrganismos que causam diarréia e seu efeito sobre motilidade intestinal através de modelo biológico em ratos. Foram selecionadas três plantas da família Myrtaceae utilizadas popularmente no tratamento de diarréia: goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.), pitangueira (Eugenia uniflora L.) e araçazeiro (Psidium cattleyanum Sabine) pertencentes à COOPAVA (Cooperativa de Produção Agropecuária Vista Alegre). Foram preparados extratos hidroalcóolicos e óleos essenciais com folhas das plantas colhidas em três fases fenológicas: frutificação, floração e repouso. Os extratos foram testados quanto a sua atividade antimicrobiana frente a (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium e Staphylococcus aureus). Além dos extratos hidroalcóolicos foram preparados óleos essenciais das três plantas e testados frente aos mesmos microrganismos e alguns de seus contituintes foram identificados por em cromatográfico a gás acoplado ao espectrômetro de massas-GC/MS. O extrato hidroalcóolico e um infuso de araçá com melhor resultado in vitro foi escolhido para o teste de avaliação da atividade antidiarréica da planta in vivo. Os testes in vitro foram realizados através da técnica de Microdiluição em Caldo para avaliação da atividade bactericida mínima (CBM). Os testes in vivo foram realizados através do teste de indução da diarréia com óleo de rícino em ratos. Os constituintes encontrados em todas as plantas através da análise cromatográfica foram o α-Copaene e α-Humulene. O melhor resultado do extrato hidroalcóolico frente ao S. aureus foi o preparado com as folhas frescas de goiabeira colhidos durante a época de floração com média geométrica entre quadruplicatas de 3,25%, frente a S. typhimurium as três plantas apresentaram atividade bactericida na concentração de 25% com os extratos colhidos na época de frutificação e folha seca (araçazeiro e pitangueira) e durante o repouso com folha fresca e seca de goiabeira. Frente a E. coli, a concentração bactericida mínima foi de 25% com o extrato de folha de pitangueira seca colhida no repouso, folha seca araçazeiro colhida na época de frutificação e folha seca de goiabeira colhida no repouso. O óleo de goiabeira apresentou atividade bactericida frente a E.coli na concentração de 2%, e frente ao S.aureus e S. typhimurium na concentração de 8%. O óleo de araçá não apresentou atividade bactericida frente aos microrganismos testados e o óleo de pitangueira apresentou atividade bactericida na concentração de 8% frente ao S.aureus e S. typhimurium. Com o método utilizado, o extrato hidroalcóolico e o infuso das folhas secas colhidas na época de frutificação do araçá, não apresentaram atividade antidiarréica.

Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm / Syzygium cordatum is a medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa and Mozambique, commonly used to treat stomach aches, diabetes, respiratory problems and tuberculosis. In spite of the folklore use, adequate scientific data to credit its widespread traditional use is lacking. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate and validate scientifically the successful therapeutic claims by traditional medicine practitioners that Syzygium cordatum is effective in treating diarrhoea and diabetes; to determine the effects of the plant extract on gastrointestinal transit of a charcoal meal in mice; to determine the effects on castor oilinduced intestinal fluid accumulation; to determine the safety profile of the plant by carrying out acute toxicology study and to carry out preliminary screening of the active compounds present in the plant using standard phytochemical analytical procedures. The aqueous leaf extract of Syzygium cordatum (3.125 -50mg/kg, p.o) significantly reduced the faecal output caused by castor oil (0.7ml). All the doses used, reduced faecal output from 100% produced by castor oil to between 40 and 61%. S.cordatum (6.25 – 50mg/kg, p.o) significantly and in a dose dependent manner, delayed the onset of castor oil-induced diarrhoea. / South Africa

Syzygium cordatum is a medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa and Mozambique, commonly used to treat stomach aches, diabetes, respiratory problems and tuberculosis. In spite of the folklore use, adequate scientific data to credit its widespread traditional use is lacking. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate and validate scientifically the successful therapeutic claims by traditional medicine practitioners that Syzygium cordatum is effective in treating diarrhoea and diabetes / to determine the effects of the plant extract on gastrointestinal transit of a charcoal meal in mice / to determine the effects on castor oilinduced intestinal fluid accumulation / to determine the safety profile of the plant by carrying out acute toxicology study and to carry out preliminary screening of the active compounds present in the plant using standard phytochemical analytical procedures. The aqueous leaf extract of Syzygium cordatum (3.125 -50mg/kg, p.o) significantly reduced the faecal output caused by castor oil (0.7ml). All the doses used, reduced faecal output from 100% produced by castor oil to between 40 and 61%. S.cordatum (6.25 &ndash / 50mg/kg, p.o) significantly and in a dose dependent manner, delayed the onset of castor oil-induced diarrhoea.

Syzygium cordatum is a medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa and Mozambique, commonly used to treat stomach aches, diabetes, respiratory problems and tuberculosis. In spite of the folklore use, adequate scientific data to credit its widespread traditional use is lacking. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate and validate scientifically the successful therapeutic claims by traditional medicine practitioners that Syzygium cordatum is effective in treating diarrhoea and diabetes / to determine the effects of the plant extract on gastrointestinal transit of a charcoal meal in mice / to determine the effects on castor oilinduced intestinal fluid accumulation / to determine the safety profile of the plant by carrying out acute toxicology study and to carry out preliminary screening of the active compounds present in the plant using standard phytochemical analytical procedures. The aqueous leaf extract of Syzygium cordatum (3.125 -50mg/kg, p.o) significantly reduced the faecal output caused by castor oil (0.7ml). All the doses used, reduced faecal output from 100% produced by castor oil to between 40 and 61%. S.cordatum (6.25 &ndash / 50mg/kg, p.o) significantly and in a dose dependent manner, delayed the onset of castor oil-induced diarrhoea.