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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Prevalência de brucelose bovina entre rebanhos fornecedores de leite de um laticínio no município de Itirapuã, Estado de São Paulo

Medeiros, Marina de Almeida Braga [UNESP] 07 October 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:55:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 medeiros_mab_me_jabo.pdf: 498854 bytes, checksum: 73074b86ac0db45184c33210013d1ef4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O estudo teve por objetivo determinar a prevalência da brucelose bovina entre fornecedores de leite de um laticínio situado no Município de Itirapuã, Estado de São Paulo, analisar fatores de risco eventualmente associados à ocorrência de brucelose nos rebanhos estudados e analisar o desempenho de testes sorológicos para detectar a infecção. De uma população de 942 bovinos adultos distribuídos em 55 rebanhos, situados nos municípios de Itirapuã e de Patrocínio Paulista, foi obtida uma amostra voluntária composta por 813 animais, distribuídos em 37 rebanhos cujos proprietários aceitaram participar do estudo. Foi aplicado um questionário, para a obtenção de informações sobre fatores que pudessem estar associados às taxas de prevalência. Foram colhidas amostras de soro sanguíneo de todos animais, as quais foram submetidas ao teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT), e as amostras positivas nesse teste foram submetidas à reação de fixação de complemento (RFC). Foram obtidas amostras de leite do conjunto de cada rebanho participante do estudo, que foram examinadas pelo teste do anel do leite (TAL). Das 813 amostras de soro sanguíneo colhidas, 26 (3,2%) resultaram positivas na aplicação em série dos testes de triagem (AAT) e confirmatório (RFC), e das 37 propriedades estudadas, 12 (32,4%) apresentaram pelo menos um animal positivo. Os fatores que se mostraram associados à ocorrência de brucelose foram número de animais no rebanho, não utilização da vacina B19 e compra frequente de animais. Não se observou boa concordância entre o TAL, que apontou resultado positivo em quatro (10,8%) dos 37 rebanhos, e os testes sorológicos individuais na detecção de rebanhos infectados / The aim of this investigation was to verify the prevalence of bovine brucellosis among milk suppliers of a dairy industry located in the municipality of Itirapuã, state of São Paulo, Brazil, analyze risk factors eventually associated with the occurrence of brucellosis among the herds involved in the study, and compare the performance of serological tests in detecting infected herds. From a population of 942 adult cattle in 55 herds, in the municipalities of Itirapuã and Patrocínio Paulista, a voluntary sample of 813 animals was obtained in 37 herds whose owners agreed in participating in the study. A questionnaire about risk factors that could be associated to the prevalence rates was applied. Serum samples of all the 813 animals were collected and tested by the rose Bengal plate test (RBPT); positive samples were then tested by the complement fixation test (CFT). Milk samples were taken from each can at the industry and tested by the milk ring test (MRT). Of the 813 serum samples, 26 (3.2) tested positive in the serial application of RBPT and CFT, and of the 37 herds, 12 (32.4%) had at least one positive animal. Factors that showed association with the prevalence rate were number of animals in the herd, lack of vaccination with strain 19 and frequent introduction of animals. The agreement between individual serological tests and MRT to detect infected herds was not good, since MRT showed positive results in only four (10.8%) of the 37 herds
12

Construção e analise da imunogenicidade de uma linhagem atenuada de Salmonella enterica produtora do dominio M2 do antigeno MAEBL de Plasmodium yoelii / Construction and analysis of the immunogenicity of an attenuated straim of salmonella enterica expressing MAEBL antigen M2 domain of Plasmodium yoelii

Franzin, Fernanda Maria, 1981- 07 January 2009 (has links)
Orientadores: Marcelo Brocchi, Fabio Trindade Maranhão Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T03:58:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franzin_FernandaMaria_M.pdf: 1412458 bytes, checksum: 2fe89ebc9e03c37ffcc48000024a232d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A malária é uma doença tropical causada pelo parasita Plasmodium spp e é considerada um sério problema de saúde pública. São aproximadamente 500 milhões de casos anuais e mais de um milhão de mortes, especialmente na África e Ásia. No Brasil, são 500 mil novos casos por ano, principalmente na região Amazônica. Esses elevados índices de mortalidade e morbidade são motivadores da busca por estratégias de controle e eliminação dessa doença. A vacinação é uma ferramenta promissora no controle e prevenção da malária, entretanto, uma vacina segura e efetiva ainda não está disponível, em parte devido ao complexo ciclo de vida do parasita e a expressão de diferentes antígenos em cada fase. O antígeno de membrana similar ao ligante de eritrócitos (MAEBL), é um forte candidato a ser usado no desenvolvimento de uma vacina efetiva contra a malária, uma vez que esse antígeno é expresso em diferentes períodos do ciclo de vida do parasita. Neste estudo, o domínio M2 do antígeno MAEBL de Plasmodium yoelli foi expresso em linhagens vivas atenuadas de Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (?3987, ?4550 e H683) e o uso dessas bactérias como vacina recombinante potencialmente indutora de proteção contra malária murina foi avaliado. Essas linhagens foram obtidas após construção e transdução do plasmídio pYA3137trc contendo a região m2 do gene maebl e a expressão do antígeno foi confirmada por immunoblotting. A administração oral das linhagens recombinantes a camundongos BALB/c/AnUnib resultou na colonização dos tecidos hospedeiros apenas pela linhagem H683. Essa linhagem foi então avaliada em termos de indução de resposta imune humoral contra M2 e capacidade de imunização no modelo murino. Apesar da resposta humoral contra M2 ter sido detectada in vivo, a linhagem recombinante não demonstrou proteção potencial contra a infecção por Plasmodium yoelii no modelo murino. / Abstract: Malaria is a tropical disease caused by the parasite Plasmodium spp and is considered a serious public health problem. There are about 500 million annual cases and more than one million of deaths, especially in Africa and Asia. In Brazil, there are 500.000 new cases per year, mainly in the Amazon region. Those high rates mortality motivate the search for strategies of control and elimination of this illness. The vaccination is a promising tool in the control and prevention of malaria; however, a safe and effective vaccine is not available yet, in part due to the complex life cycle of the parasite and expression of different antigens in each phase. Membrane antigen erythrocyte binding like (MAEBL) is a strong candidate to be used in the development of an effective vaccine against malaria, since this antigen is expressed in different periods of the parasite life cycle. In this work, the M2 domain of Plasmodium yoelli MAEBL antigen was expressed in attenuated strains of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (?3987, ?4550 e H683) and the use of these bacterias as potential inductor of protection against murine malaria was evaluated. These strains were obtained by construction and transduction of the plasmid pYA3137trc carrying the m2 region of the maebl gene and the antigen expression was confirmed by immunoblotting. The oral administration of the recombinant strains to BALB/c/AnUnib mice resulted in the colonization of host tissues only for the H683 strain. This strain was further evaluated in terms of induction of humoral immune response against M2 and immunization capacity in murine model. Even though humoral response against M2 was detected in vivo, the recombinant strains did not shown protective potential against the infection of Plasmodium yoelii in murine model. / Mestrado / Genetica de Microorganismos / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
13

Aloimmunity against HLA class I antigens in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and aplastic anemia / Aloimuniodade contra os antÃgenos HLA de classe I em pacientes portadores das sÃndromes mielodisplÃsticas e de anemia aplÃstica

Daisy Maria Meireles Arruda 22 July 2005 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and aplastic anemia (AA) are two of the hematological disorders which present peripheral cytopenias, with extensive clinical manifestations that vary from slight anemia to severe pancytopenia; the latter requiring continuous transfusional reposition of red cell (RC) and platelet concentrates (PC), which can induce aloimunization in patients. Such patients can develop a post-transfusional refractory state, rendering further transfusions unviable. The objective of the present study was to investigate the incidence of anti-HLA antibodies in politransfused patients, and correlate the aloimmunity levels to the clinical profiles of MDS and AA patients. A total of 110 politransfused patients (70 with MDS, and 40 with AA) have been included in the study, with the MDS patients being subclassified into four clinical diagnostic categories: refractory anemia (RA), ringed-sideroblastic refractory anemia (RSRA), refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) and refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-t). Blood serum samples from these patients were treated with dithiothreitol for the detection of anti-HLA class I antibodies, using the complement-dependent cytotoxicity test (CDC), in a panel of lymphocytes constituted on the basis of the frequency of HLA antigens in our population (PRA). The results showed that a larger number of AA patients were aloimmunized than MDS patients (45% v 28.6%), with the aloreactivity being higher in AA patients who received higher mean transfusions of PC, than in MDS patients who received higher average number of EC transfusions. The degree of aloimmunization was different in the two disorders, and was generally related to: the number of transfusions received, the application of un-deleukocytised PC and EC, and the type of immunosuppressant drugs used in treatment [Cyclosporin (CsA) and/or antiglobulin (ALG) therapy significantly reduced aloimmunization, but corticoids alone were not sufficient]. The highest degree of aloimmunity (Grade 4) was observed only in MDS females, particularly in those who had multiple births. Persistent IgG was also associated with Grade 4 aloimmunity. These results reveal that significant numbers of MDS and AA patients, if politransfused with un-deleukocytised PC and EC and un-treated with immunosuppressants CsA and/or ALG, can develop anti-HLA antibodies and become refractory to further transfusions. Such aloimmunized patients can also become potentially unsuited to receive bone marrow transplants from HLA-matched donors. / As SÃndromes MielodisplÃsticas e Anemia AplÃstica sÃo desordens hematolÃgicas que apresentam citopenias perifÃricas, com desenvolvimento de caracterÃsticas clÃnicas extensas, com manifestaÃÃes clÃnicas variÃveis que vÃo desde uma leve anemia atà uma pancitopenia severa, necessitando, nos Ãltimos casos, de reposiÃÃo transfusional contÃnua de concentrados de hemÃcias (CH) e de plaquetas (CP), tornando-os alvos à aloimunizaÃÃo pÃs-transfusional e desenvolvimento do estado de refratariedade Ãs transfusÃes. Este estudo objetivou determinar a incidÃncia de anticorpos anti-HLA de classe I em pacientes politransfundidos e correlacionar a aloimunidade ao perfil clÃnico dos pacientes de SMD e AA. 110 pacientes foram incluÃdos nesta pesquisa (70 portadores das SMD e 40 de AA), com os portadores das SMD classificados em quatro sub-grupos clÃnicos: anemia refratÃria (AR), anemia refratÃria sideroblÃstica em anel (ARSA), anemia refratÃria com excesso de blastos (AREB) e anemia refratÃria com excesso de blastos em transformaÃÃo (AREB-t). Soros dos pacientes foram tratados com Dithiothreitol (DTT) para a pesquisa de Acs contra os Ag HLA de classe I, usando a tÃcnica de âcitotoxicidade dependente do complementoâ (CDC), no painel de linfÃcitos baseado na frequÃncia dos Ags HLA da nossa populaÃÃo (PRA). Os resultados demonstraram que os pacientes portadores das SMD desenvolveram um menor grau de aloimunizaÃÃo (28,6%), que os pacientes de AA (45%). A alorreatividade foi mais freqÃente nos portadores de AA que tinham recebido maiores mÃdias transfusionais de CP, em relaÃÃo aos pacientes de SMD que receberam maior nÃmero de transfusÃes com CH. O grau de alorreatividade se manifestou diferente nestas duas doenÃas e, de forma geral, se relacionou com: o maior nÃmero mÃdio de transfusÃes, a aplicaÃÃo de preparaÃÃes nÃo desleucotizadas de CH e CP e o uso de imunossupressores (ciclosporina e/ou soros anti-leucocitÃrios). Somente o uso de corticÃide nÃo foi suficiente para reduzir a aloimunizaÃÃo. O mais alto grau de alorreatividade (PadrÃo 4) nas SMD foi evidenciado somente em mulheres, principalmente nas multÃparas. IgG persistente esteve mais presente no PadrÃo 4. Estes dados revelam que alguns pacientes das SMD e AA podem desenvolver anticorpos anti-HLA, se forem politransfundidos com hemoconcentrados nÃo desleucotizados e sem o tratamento com os imunossupressores CsA e/ou GAL. Tal alorreatividade poderà tornar o paciente refratÃrio Ãs futuras transfusÃes e dificultar, em princÃpio, recebimento do transplante de medula Ãssea de doadores HLA compatÃveis.
14

Paviršiaus plazmonų rezonanso ir elektrocheminiai imuniniai jutikliai žmogaus augimo hormono ir antikūnų prieš žmogaus augimo hormoną nustatymui / Surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical imunosensors for human growth hormone and antibodies against human growth hormone detection

Rukšnaitė, Justina 29 September 2014 (has links)
Šioje daktaro disertacijoje buvo nagrinėjami paviršiaus plazmonų rezonanso (PPR) ir elektrocheminiai imuniniai jutikliai žmogaus augimo hormonui (ŽAH) ir antikūnams prieš žmogaus augimo hormoną (anti-ŽAH) nustatyti bei pritaikyti juos realių mėginių analizei. Šiame darbe buvo nagrinėjami nekryptingas ir kryptingas antikūnų imobilizavimo būdai PPR jutiklio lusto paviršiuje ir tirtas antikūno-antigeno komplekso formavimasis. Buvo nustatyta, kad tinkamiausias iš tirtų anti-ŽAH imobilizavimo PPR jutiklio lusto paviršiuje būdų yra kryptingas anti-ŽAH fragmentų gautų redukuojant anti-ŽAH 2-merkatoetilaminu (2-MEA) imobilizavimas. Atominės jėgos mikroskopijos pagalba buvo stebėti įvairiais būdais modifikuotų PPR jutiklio lusto paviršių skirtumai, kurie parodė, ar fragmentai gauti redukuojant anti-ŽAH buvo tinkamai prijungti prie auksinio PPR jutiklio lusto paviršiaus, o imuninis kompleksas susiformavo dėl specifinės antikūno-antigeno sąveikos. PPR ŽAH imuninis jutiklis pasižymi maža aptikimo riba (3,4 nmol/L), stabilumu, atrankamu. Aktyvus PPR jutiklio lusto paviršius visiškai regeneruojamas, o tai leidžia imuninio jutiklio daugkartinį panaudojimą. Tiesioginio ir netiesioginio tipo PPR anti-ŽAH imuniniai jutikliai buvo tiriami kombinuojant du analizinius metodus – PPR ir elektrocheminius (impulsinė amperometrija (PA) ir ciklinė voltamperometrija (CV)). Anti-ŽAH imuniniai jutikliai pasižymi maža aptikimo riba (0,056, 0,051 ir 0,027 nmol/L, atitinkamai CV, PPR ir PA), stabilumu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this doctoral thesis the development of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electrochemical (EL) immunosensors has been examined and used for the detection of human growth hormone (HGH) and antibodies against human growth hormone (anti-HGH). The designed immunosensors were applied for the real sample analysis. In this research work random and oriented techniques of anti-HGH immobilization on the SPR sensor chip were compared and the interaction between immobilized anti-HGH and HGH was evaluated. Fragments of anti-HGH immobilization via their native thiol-groups directly coupled to the SPR chip is the most suitable technique for the development of an SPR immunosensor for the HGH detection. Fragments of antibody were obtained by chemical reduction of 2-mercaptoethylamine (2-MEA). In our study atomic force microscopy has been successfully applied for the imaging of the the differently modified surfaces. The achieved results indicate how much adequately the fragments of anti-HGH molecules bound onto the gold substrate and how immune complexes were formed. SPR HGH immunosensor is suitable for HGH detection with a limit of detection (3.4 nmol/L), good stability and selectivity. Furthermore, active SPR-chip surface is fully regenerated that allows multiply usage of designed immunosensor. Direct and indirect anti-HGH immunosensor was studied by combining two analytical methods – SPR and EL (pulsedamperometry (PA) and cyclic voltammetry (CV)). The limit of detection values of... [to full text]
15

Paviršiaus plazmonų rezonanso ir elektrocheminiai imuniniai jutikliai žmogaus augimo hormono ir antikūnų prieš žmogaus augimo hormoną nustatymui / Surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical imunosensors for human growth hormone and antibodies against human growth hormone detection

Rukšnaitė, Justina 29 September 2014 (has links)
Šioje daktaro disertacijoje buvo nagrinėjami paviršiaus plazmonų rezonanso (PPR) ir elektrocheminiai imuniniai jutikliai žmogaus augimo hormonui (ŽAH) ir antikūnams prieš žmogaus augimo hormoną (anti-ŽAH) nustatyti bei pritaikyti juos realių mėginių analizei. Šiame darbe buvo nagrinėjami nekryptingas ir kryptingas antikūnų imobilizavimo būdai PPR jutiklio lusto paviršiuje ir tirtas antikūno-antigeno komplekso formavimasis. Buvo nustatyta, kad tinkamiausias iš tirtų anti-ŽAH imobilizavimo PPR jutiklio lusto paviršiuje būdų yra kryptingas anti-ŽAH fragmentų gautų redukuojant anti-ŽAH 2-merkatoetilaminu (2-MEA) imobilizavimas. Atominės jėgos mikroskopijos pagalba buvo stebėti įvairiais būdais modifikuotų PPR jutiklio lusto paviršių skirtumai, kurie parodė, ar fragmentai gauti redukuojant anti-ŽAH buvo tinkamai prijungti prie auksinio PPR jutiklio lusto paviršiaus, o imuninis kompleksas susiformavo dėl specifinės antikūno-antigeno sąveikos. PPR ŽAH imuninis jutiklis pasižymi maža aptikimo riba (3,4 nmol/L), stabilumu, atrankamu. Aktyvus PPR jutiklio lusto paviršius visiškai regeneruojamas, o tai leidžia imuninio jutiklio daugkartinį panaudojimą. Tiesioginio ir netiesioginio tipo PPR anti-ŽAH imuniniai jutikliai buvo tiriami kombinuojant du analizinius metodus – PPR ir elektrocheminius (impulsinė amperometrija (PA) ir ciklinė voltamperometrija (CV)). Anti-ŽAH imuniniai jutikliai pasižymi maža aptikimo riba (0,056, 0,051 ir 0,027 nmol/L, atitinkamai CV, PPR ir PA), stabilumu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this doctoral thesis the development of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and electrochemical (EL) immunosensors has been examined and used for the detection of human growth hormone (HGH) and antibodies against human growth hormone (anti-HGH). The designed immunosensors were applied for the real sample analysis. In this research work random and oriented techniques of anti-HGH immobilization on the SPR sensor chip were compared and the interaction between immobilized anti-HGH and HGH was evaluated. Fragments of anti-HGH immobilization via their native thiol-groups directly coupled to the SPR chip is the most suitable technique for the development of an SPR immunosensor for the HGH detection. Fragments of antibody were obtained by chemical reduction of 2-mercaptoethylamine (2-MEA). In our study atomic force microscopy has been successfully applied for the imaging of the the differently modified surfaces. The achieved results indicate how much adequately the fragments of anti-HGH molecules bound onto the gold substrate and how immune complexes were formed. SPR HGH immunosensor is suitable for HGH detection with a limit of detection (3.4 nmol/L), good stability and selectivity. Furthermore, active SPR-chip surface is fully regenerated that allows multiply usage of designed immunosensor. Direct and indirect anti-HGH immunosensor was studied by combining two analytical methods – SPR and EL (pulsedamperometry (PA) and cyclic voltammetry (CV)). The limit of detection values of... [to full text]

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