Th. doct.-ing.--Physicochim. des matér.--Toulouse--I.N.P., 1978. N°: 20.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-01-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:42:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeidafilho_e_dr_araiq_parcial.pdf: 157037 bytes, checksum: 321cfbd062ab4368d055f07eb9e01f8d (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-02-04T11:39:24Z: almeidafilho_e_dr_araiq_parcial.pdf,Bitstream added on 2015-02-04T11:40:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000694359.pdf: 1457836 bytes, checksum: bca8715aaca4bf46e0b8d064bf1df0c0 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Recobrimentos de apatitas foram realizados em superfícies de titânio modificadas por feixe de laser Yb:YAG a pressão e atmosfera ambiente. As apatitas foram depositadas pelo método biomimético usando três soluções SBF (Simulated Body Fluid) diferentes que simulam a concentração de sais dos fluídos corpóreos para obtenção das apatitas. As superfícies de titânio submetidas ao processo de fusão e solidificação rápida (ablação) foram imersas na solução de SBF, as quais permaneceram por 4 dias a 37 ºC. As amostras foram caracterizadas pelas técnicas de DRX, refinamento de Rietveld, FTIR, MEV e solubilidade. Os espectros de FTIR mostram bandas referentes às ligações químicas confirmadas pela análise de DRX e quantificadas pelo método de Rietveld. Os recobrimentos de apatitas foram submetidas ao teste de solubilidade em água destilada utilizando-se eletrodo de íons seletivos e titulação complexométrica a fim de estudar a cinética de liberação para as fases se apatitas / Apatite coatings were deposited on titanium surfaces modified by an Yb:YAG laser beam under ambient pressure and air. The apatites were deposited by a biomimetic method using three different SBF (simulated body fluid) solutions that mimic the concentration of salts in the body fluids to obtain the apatites. The titanium surfaces subjected to the process of rapid fusion and solidification (ablation) were immersed in the SBF solutions, remaining there for four days at 37ºC. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and solubility. The FTIR spectra showed bands corresponding to chemical bonds, which were confirmed by the XRD analysis and quantified by the Rietveld method. The apatite coatings were subjected to a solubility test in distilled water using ion-selective electrodes and complexometric titration to study the kinetics of drug release through the apatite phases

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:31:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cezar_vrs_me_botfca.pdf: 277022 bytes, checksum: e2ef8481db1680f1d57833a37bb026b7 (MD5) / Com o intuito de avaliar o efeito da biodigestão anaeróbia sobre a solubilização e a eficiência agronômica de diferentes fontes de fertilizantes fosfatados, foi desenvolvido um experimento no Departamento de Recursos Naturais/Ciência do Solo em Botucatu (SP). O estudo realizado foi dividido em duas etapas, onde a primeira constou da construção de três biodigestores e a produção de biofertilizantes enriquecidos ou não, pelas diferentes fontes de fósforo. O biofertilizante gerado foi caracterizado quimicamente em relação a sua solubilidade pelos diferentes extratores. Após a análise química, o biofertilizante foi utilizado na etapa seguinte, sendo aplicado ao solo e avaliado o Índice de Eficiência Agronômica (IEA) das fontes quanto à produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e a quantidade de fósforo nas plantas de milho, as quais foram cultivadas durante 30 dias após a emergência. Foram realizados dois cultivos consecutivos, onde as fontes de fósforo foram aplicadas apenas no primeiro cultivo, na dose de 200 mg de P kg-1 de solo... / An experiment was realized with the objective of evaluate the anaerobic disgestion effect about the solubilization and agronomic efficiency of different phosphate fertilizer. The research was realized in two phases, than the first was the construction of three reactors and the biofertilizer production. The biofertilizer generated was characterizated chemically relationship its solubility in different extractors. After the chemical analysis, the biofertilizer was used in the next phase, it being applicated into soil and it was evaluate about the agronomic efficiency of the phosphorous fonts, that dry matter production and phosphorous amount in the corn plants. The corn plants were cultivated during 30 days after its emergence. Two consecutives cultivation were realized, where the phosphorous fonts were only applicated in the first cultive (200mg P Kg-1 of soil). The study conclusions were: because some extractor solutions used in the assays doesn’t digest the organic matter present in the material, and yet, the difficult to have homogenous biofertilizer samples by reactors... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Este trabalho aborda a molhabilidade de apatita por água em temperatura ambiente (20-25°C) objetivando contribuir para um melhor entendimento de seu comportamento em sistemas de flotação. Água, devido às fortes forças atrativas entre suas moléculas, não espalha completamente sobre sólidos de baixa energia como apatita pré-tratada com surfatantes aniônicos de cadeia longa. Este comportamento é explorado por engenheiros de processamento mineral para separar apatita de minerais de ganga via flotação aniônica direta em circuitos industriais ao redor do mundo. Nesta tese, a molhabilidade de apatita (tratada ou não com oleato de sódio-NaOl em pH=10,5) foi caracterizada pelo ângulo de contato de avanço da água (TETAa), trabalho de adesão (Wa) da água sobre apatita e coeficiente de espalhamento (S) de água sobre o sólido. Medidas diretas de TETAa sobre os planos frontal (010) e basal (001) de um cristal de apatita bem definido proveniente de Ipirá- BA (apatita-Ipirá) foram executadas pelo Método da Bolha Cativa (MBC), enquanto determinações indiretas de TETAa foram realizadas pelo Método da Ascensão Capilar (MAC) através da percolação de líquidos (água e/ou metanol) através de leitos partículas de apatita-Ipirá ou apatita-Cajati (proveniente de Cajati-SP). No MAC, o uso de hexano foi adequado para determinar a magnitude da constante de empacotamento (c) para partículas de apatita de baixa molhabilidade (TETAa>>0°), enquanto que a água se mostrou mais apropriada para ser usada na determinação da constante c para partículas de apatita não tratadas com surfatantes (TETAa~0o). Ensaios de microflotação foram conduzidos com apatita-Ipirá em pH=10,5 e com NaOl (0-75mg/L) enquanto ensaios de flotação gama foram executados com minério de fosfato proveniente de Cajati-SP previamente tratado com amido (37,5mg/L) e alquil sarcosinato de sódio-Berol®867 (25mg/L) em pH=10,6. Os resultados das medidas de TETAa e dos ensaios de microflotação indicaram uma relação de causa-efeito entre a concentração de NaOl (0-75mg/L), molhabilidade de apatita-Ipirá e sua resposta à microflotação: as maiores recuperações foram obtidas com as maiores concentrações do coletor NaOl, maiores valores de TETAa, menores valores de Wa e valores mais negativos de S. Os valores de TETAa diretamente medidos sobre as faces de um cristal de apatita-Ipirá pelo MBC mostrou que NaOl adsorve preferencialmente sobre o plano (010) comparado ao plano (001). Além disso, a tensão superficial crítica de molhabilidade (GAMAc) da apatita-Ipirá, pré-tratada com 75mg/L de NaOl, foi de 30,2erg/cm2 para o plano (001) versus 29,6erg/cm2 para o plano (010). Após serem condicionadas com reagentes de flotação (amido=37,5mg/L e Berol®867=25mg/L em pH=10,6) e flotadas em estágio rougher, partículas de apatita-Cajati exibiram TETAa=64.2°±1.1°. O valor de GAMAc, determinado via experimentos de flotação gama foi GAMAc~34,5erg/cm2; enquanto GAMAc determinado por diagramas cosTETA x GAMALV foi de GAMAc~33,9erg/cm2. Os resultados de flotação gama com o minério de fosfato de Cajati mostrou um platô de máxima recuperação de apatita (95-98%) quando 52,7erg/cm2<GAMALV<72,9erg/cm2. Ao contrário da apatita, a recuperação dos minerais de ganga (silicatos e carbonatos) foi estritamente ascendente com o aumento de GAMALV. A maior Eficiência de Separação apatita/ganga (E.S. = recuperação de apatita menos a recuperação de ganga) foi obtida em GAMALV=50,5erg/cm2 para apatita/silicatos e em GAMALV=51,4erg/cm2 para apatita/carbonatos. Os resultados dos experimentos de flotação gama indicaram que, no circuito industrial de Cajati-SP, GAMALV pode ser modulada pela dosagem do coletor, e sua magnitude pode guiar engenheiros na tomada de decisões a respeito da dosagem de coletor que promova a maior seletividade de separação apatita/ganga. Entretanto, a falta de instrumentos apropriados para realizar medidas on-line confiáveis de GAMALV tem impedido a execução destas medidas em circuitos industriais. Deste modo, decisões a respeito da dosagem do coletor feitas pelos engenheiros continuam a ser baseadas em uma abordagem empírica ao invés de científica. / This work approaches the wetting of apatite by water at room temperature (20-25°C) aiming at to contribute towards a better understanding of its behavior in flotation systems. Water, because of its powerful attractive forces, does not readily spread over the surface of low energy solids as apatite pre-treated with anionic long chain surfactants. This behavior is exploited by mineral processing engineers to separate apatite from gangue minerals via direct anionic flotation in industrial plants around the world. In this thesis, the wettability of apatite (treated or not with sodium oleate- NaOl at pH=10.5) was characterized by the advancing water contact angle (TETAa), work of adhesion (Wa) of water to apatite and the spreading coefficient (S) of water over the solid. Direct measurements of TETAa on either frontal-(010) or basal-(001) planes of a well formed apatite crystal from Ipirá-BA (apatite-Ipirá) were carried out via Captive Bubble (CB) method, whereas indirect determinations of TETAa were accomplished via Capillary Rise (CR) method by means of percolation of liquids (water and/or methanol) through particle beds of apatite-Ipirá and apatite-Cajati (from Cajati-SP). At CR method, the use of hexane was adequate to determine the magnitude of packing constant (c) for apatite particles of low wettability (TETAa>>0o), whereas water proved to be more appropriate to be used in the determination constant c for apatite particles non-treated with surfactants (TETAa~0o). Microflotation tests were conducted with apatite-Ipirá at pH=10.5 with NaOl (0-75mg/L) whereas gamma flotation tests were carried out with phosphate ore from Cajati-SP previously treated with starch (37.5mg/L) and sodium alkyl sarcosinate-Berol®867 (25mg/L) at pH=10.6. Results from measurements of TETAa and microflotation experiments indicated a cause-effect relationship between concentration of NaOl (0-75mg/L), wettability of apatite-Ipirá and its microflotation response: the highest recoveries were yielded at higher concentration of collector NaOl, higher values of TETAa, lower values of Wa and more negative the values of S. Values of TETAa directly measured on the faces of a crystal of apatite-Ipirá by CB method showed that NaOl adsorbs preferentially onto (010) plane compared to (001) plane. Moreover, the critical surface tension of wettability (GAMAc) of apatite-Ipirá, pre-treated with 75mg/L of NaOl, was 30.2erg/cm2 for (001)-plane versus 29.6erg/cm2 for (010)-plane. After being conditioned with flotation reagents (starch=37.5mg/L and Berol®867=25mg/L at pH=10.6) and floated at rougher stage, particles of apatite-Cajati exhibited TETAa=64.2o±1.1o. The value of GAMAc, determined via gamma flotation experiments was GAMAc~34.5erg/cm2; whereas GAMAc determined by cosTETA x GAMALV plots was GAMAc~33.9erg/cm2. Results from gamma flotation experiments with phosphate ore from Cajati showed a plateau of maximum apatite recovery (95-98%) when 52.7erg/cm2<GAMALV<72.9erg/cm2. Unlike apatite, the recovery of gangue minerals (silicates and carbonates) was strictly ascending when GAMALV was increased. The highest Efficiency of Separation apatite/gangue (E.S. = recovery of apatite minus recovery of gangue) was attained at GAMALV=50.5erg/cm2 for apatite/silicates and at GAMALV=51.4erg/cm2 for apatite/carbonates. The results from gamma flotation experiments indicate that, at the industrial plant of Cajati-SP, GAMALV can be modulated by collector dosage, and its magnitude can provide guidance to practitioners to make decision on collector dosage to achieve a desired value of GAMALV which promotes the best selectivity of the separation apatite/gangue. Notwithstanding, the lack of suitable instruments to accomplish on-line reliable measurements of GAMALV has been hindering the implementation of those measurements at industrial circuits. This way, decisions on collector dosage made by practitioners continue to be based rather on empirical than on scientific approach.

Diferentes estratégias de flotação (reagentes, pH e rota) têm sido utilizadas na separação entre apatita e carbonatos em todo o mundo. Há evidências na literatura de que a cristalinidade afeta a flotação de apatitas e calcitas com oleato de sódio. Além disso, a dissolução dos sais semi-solúveis pode influenciar a interação entre a superfície dos minerais e os reagentes de flotação, uma vez que o mecanismo de adsorção mais importante é a precipitação de oleato de cálcio na interface sólido/líquido. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a relação entre cristalinidade, cinética de dissolução e resposta à flotação de apatitas e calcitas de diferentes gêneses (ígnea, metamórfica e sedimentar) e origens. Quatro tipos de minerais foram utilizados: purificados a partir de minérios, previamente purificados, naturalmente puros e amostras de coleção. As amostras foram caracterizadas por fluorescência de raios-X e microanálise (WDS/EDS). Características físicas como densidade (d), área superficial (S) e porosidade (P) também foram determinadas. O método de Rietveld aplicado à difração de raios-X foi usado tanto para comprovar a pureza das amostras como para estudar a cristalinidade dos minerais por meio da determinação dos parâmetros de rede (distâncias a e c, e volume da cela unitária- VCU), além do grau de cristalinidade (GC), tamanho de cristalito (TC) e microdeformação (MD). Ensaios de dissolução, conduzidos na ausência de CO2, forneceram a quantidade (mol) de íons Ca2+ (nCa2+) dissolvidos em função do tempo (t) e normalizada em relação à área superficial. Os resultados se ajustam a um modelo de primeira ordem: nCa2+ = Ca2+MAX(1- e-kt). Este procedimento permitiu calcular os valores da quantidade máxima de íons Ca2+ dissolvidos (Ca2+MAX), bem como da constante cinética (k). Além disso, a velocidade de dissolução foi determinada para a etapa rápida (VR), que caracteriza o início da reação, e para a etapa lenta (VL), que ocorre nas proximidades do estado estacionário. A resposta à flotação com oleato de sódio foi determinada por meio de experimentos de microflotação. Várias relações de causa e efeito são encontradas: flotabilidade (F) versus VR, e VR versus características intrínsecas (parâmetros de rede, de cristalinidade e físicos). VR foi selecionado para participar de tais modelos, pois, caracteriza o intervalo de tempo em que o condicionamento (1 minuto) e a microflotação (1 minuto) ocorrem. Observa-se que a flotabilidade dos minerais aumenta com o aumento de VR, sugerindo que apatitas e calcitas que disponibilizam mais íons Ca2+ em solução para interagir com o oleato, exibem mais elevada flotabilidade. Equações lineares de F em função de VR em pH 8 (R = 0,97 para apatitas e R = 0,66 para calcitas) e pH 10 (R = 0,95 para apatitas e R = 0,63 para calcitas) foram encontradas. Correlações lineares múltiplas foram utilizadas para relacionar VR (em pH 8 e 10) com as características intrínsecas que exercem maior influência sobre este parâmetro. Para as apatitas, VR foi equacionado em função de GC, TC e c, enquanto para as calcitas, os parâmetros GC, TC, d e P foram selecionados para compor o modelo. Os valores de VR calculados se ajustam aos observados dentro de um intervalo de confiança de 95%. As equações lineares propostas para as apatitas foram usadas para se estimar F das amostras de Anitápolis-SC e Tapira-MG, que não foram submetidas aos ensaios de dissolução. Os valores de F calculados estão em concordância com aqueles experimentalmente determinados. / Different flotation strategies (reagents, pH and route) have been adopted to separate apatite from carbonates around the world. Literature provides evidences that crystallinity affects flotation response of apatite and calcite with sodium oleate. Furthermore, dissolution of salt-type minerals influences the interaction between mineral surface and flotation reagents, because the most important adsorption mechanism is the surface precipitation of calcium oleate onto mineral/water interface. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between crystallinity, dissolution kinetics and flotation response of apatites and calcites from different genesis (igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary) and origins. Four sorts of minerals were utilized: minerals purified from ores, minerals previously purified, naturally pure minerals and collection samples. They were characterized by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray microanalysis (WDS/EDS). Physical characteristics, as specific gravity (d), surface area (S) and porosity (P), were also determined. The Rietveld method applied to X-ray diffraction data was used either to probe the purity of samples or to study the crystallinity of the minerals by means of determining their lattice parameters (a and c dimensions plus lattice volume-VCU), in addition to crystallinity degree (GC), crystallite size (TC) and microstrain (MD). Dissolution experiments, conducted in the absence of CO2, yielded curves which relate the amount (mol) of dissolved Ca2+ ions (nCa2+) versus time (t), normalized by the surface area. They fit a first order model: nCa2+ = Ca2+MAX(1- e-kt). Curve fitting via exponential adjustment was accomplished to calculate values of the maximum amount of dissolved Ca2+ ions (Ca2+MAX) and the kinetic constant (k). In addition, the dissolution rate was determined for the fast step (VR), which characterizes the beginning of the reaction, and for the slow step (VL), as it tends to the steady state. Flotation response with sodium oleate was determined by microflotation experiments. Several cause-effect relationships are found: floatability (F) versus VR, and VR versus intrinsic characteristics of minerals (lattice, crystallinity and physical parameters). VR was selected to participate in the model because it characterizes the length of time along which reagent conditioning (1 minute) plus microflotation (1 minute) take place. It is observed that F increases as VR becomes greater, suggesting that samples of apatites and calcites which place more Ca2+ ions in solution to interact with oleate exhibit higher flotation performance. Linear equations of F versus VR at pH 8 (R = 0,97 for apatites and R = 0,66 for calcites) and pH 10 (R = 0,95 for apatites and R = 0,63 for calcites) were found. Likewise, multiple linear correlations were used to relate VR (at pH 8 and 10) with the intrinsic characteristics of apatites and calcites that affect VR to a greater extent. For apatites, VR was modeled as a function of GC, TC and c, while for calcites, the parameters GC, TC d and P were selected to compose the model. The calculated VR values fit the experimental ones within 95% of confidence. The linear equations developed for apatites were used to estimate floatability of the samples from Anitápolis-SC and Tapira-MG, which were not submitted to dissolution experiments. The values of calculated floatability are in agreement with the experimental ones.

M.Sc. (Geology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

The St. Lawrence Platform (SLP) and Humber Zone (HZ) of the southern Quebec Appalachians has historically been explored as a potential hydrocarbon reservoir. Extensive vitrinite reflectance studies on the basin resolved the degree of thermal maturation yet the timing of the thermal maximum is not well undertood. Determining the timing of such low temperature events can allow for a better understanding of the shallow crustal processes that may have allowed for the generation and entrapment of oil and gas. We have employed apatite (AHe) and zircon (ZHe) (U-Th)/He thermochronmetry across a network of late Cambrian to late Ordovician siliciclastic and Grenvillian basement samples in order to resolve the history within the ~210-35°C window. Single crustal dates from individual samples show age dispersion by as much as 300 m.y. with a strong positive to negative correlation with increasing eU concentration. A similar positive correlation can be observed when significant intra-sample grain size variation is present. AHe and ZHe data in the southwestern portion of the basin, near Montreal, allow for thermal maxima of up to 200°C to occur either during the late Ordovician, as a result of the Taconic orogeny, or from the continued sedimentation into the Devonian as a result of the Acadian orogeny. Regional burial trends deduced from these thermal maxima along with local paleo-geothermal gradients indicate that if sedimentation continued after the late Ordovician there was no significant increase in burial in southwestern portion of the SLP as previously suggested. Maximum heating is followed by a protracted cooling through the ZHe partial retention zone (PRZ) into the late Jurassic and early Cretaceous where the cooling rate increases by an order of magnitude through the AHe PRZ until ca. 100 Ma. The timing of this accelerated cooling is coeval with the passage of the Great Meteor Hot Spot across the area; the cooling may be a result of increased erosion from thermal uplift. Within the HZ, both the external and internal sections experienced rapid cooling through the Silurian after the Taconic thermal maximum. The timing of relatively rapid cooling coincides with documented normal faulting and back-thrusting in the orogen, which is the likely cause of exhumation. The HZ witnessed protracted cooling through the late Jurassic, when there is a one order of magnitude increase in cooling rate until surface conditions are attained. Increased recognition of these low temperature events has augmented our understanding of the evolution of accretionary orogens and consequently reduces the risks associated with oil and gas exploration.

The integration of low-temperature thermochronometers, including apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He (AHe, ZHe) and apatite fission-track (AFT) methods, allows for a quantification of the thermal history experienced by rocks as they heat and cool through upper crustal temperature regimes (<200°C). Whereas these methods are practical in geologic terranes that have undergone rapid cooling, application to strata with protracted cooling histories is complicated by the enhanced role of grain-specific parameters (volume, chemistry, radiation damage) on the kinetics of helium diffusion and fission track annealing. The effects of these variables are most prevalent in sedimentary samples, where natural variance in detrital accessory mineral populations results in a broad range of diffusion kinetics and great dispersion in corresponding cooling dates. This thesis integrates contemporary thermochronometer diffusion and annealing kinetics to investigate the burial and exhumation history of two natural laboratories. In the Mackenzie Mountains and Plain of the Northwest Territories, long-term radiation damage accumulation in zircon from Neoproterozoic siliciclastic units produces ZHe dates that track Albian to Paleocene burial and exhumation in front of the foreland-propagating fold-thrust belt. For the Phanerozoic stratigraphic section, AFT annealing kinetics are calculated from Devonian and Cretaceous samples, and are incorporated into multi-kinetic AFT modeling. These kinetics also constrain AHe date-radiation damage trends, and when combined allow for an estimation on the magnitude of eroded sediment across regional pre-Albian and post-Paleocene unconformities. Finally, conodont (U-Th)/He data from Anticosti Island, Québec in the Gulf of the St. Lawrence are compared with ZHe, AHe and AFT data to test their utility as a thermochronometer for carbonate basin analysis. These data evince a Mesozoic thermal history previously unattributed to the region. Ultimately, this thesis provides a novel assessment on the ways in which thermochronometer date dispersion can be quantified to assess the thermal evolution of sedimentary basins from burial through to inversion.

The world’s 7 billion inhabitants depend on chemical fertilizers to meet the growing demand for food. The phosphorus used in fertilizer is sourced from ancient sedimentary deposits of Phosphate Rock (PR), largely in the form of carbonate calcium phosphate, called carbonate apatite, which resembles bone. PR is non-renewable and Canada’s reserves are extremely limited; currently, all 1,400,000 tonnes of phosphorus products used annually are imported. This project investigates a novel method to recycle phosphorus from municipal wastewater in a form that will enable its reuse as a fertilizer, through a reaction with CaCO3 from limestone and waste CO2 (g). This will contribute to the nascent circular nutrient economy within Canada. A review of the current state of phosphorus and nutrient recycling is presented, including a plan for establishing the Canadian Nutrient Platform. A series of inorganic phosphate (PO4-, or Pi) solutions was prepared to simulate the concentrations found in Ottawa’s municipal wastewater, between 2.5-30 mM Pi. These solutions were mixed with CaCO3 solutions that were highly supersaturated through a carbon capture technique. Batch tests successfully reduced the [Pi] and [Ca2+], as measured by colorimetry, and precipitate formed. These results were subsequently repeated in a continuous stirred lab-scale reactor. These precipitation products were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and carbon coulometry to measure carbonate content. This analysis confirmed the presence of both Pi and CO3 in a bone-like, carbonate apatite. Although other technologies are being explored to recycle phosphorus from wastewater streams, this is the first indication that it may be possible to precipitate a carbonate apatite by mixing two waste streams, municipal waste water and CO2 (g), with cost-effective CaCO3.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第22796号 / エネ博第410号 / 新制||エネ||78(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー基礎科学専攻 / (主査)教授 坂口 浩司, 教授 佐川 尚, 准教授 高井 茂臣 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM