Mass Media has developing rapidly, thus to managers, performance is required in order to earn more profits and increase efficiency. The key factor of success is ¡§person¡¨, especially journalists. The media demands for more capable employees than other enterprises results from the content of the media is their tool for competition, therefore, it is hard to survive without substantial content. As to detain fine journalists, the impartial performance appraisal is bound to be built. The performance appraisal of journalists is different from other walks of life, for there are more abstract ideas which are hard to be presented by statistics. This research aims to examine whether the appraisal of journals meet the criterion with the system which apply to businesses customarily. Also there are opinions form employees who accepted this system. The target of is the journalists in Kaohsiung who are respectively belong to Apple Daily, The Liberty Times, United Daily News and China Times which are regarded as the ¡§four major newspapers¡¨, questionnaire is formulated as to realize their viewpoints. And according to these results, the research conducts interviews to the correspondents or conveners of the ¡§four major newspapers¡¨ in order to know how they give their appraisals. That is, asking objects for answering the questionnaire then pursuing qualitative research. Owing to the journalists and correspondents have mostly covered the news for long in local regions, their opinions can be taken as the reference for the performance appraisal of journalists; moreover, it can also be taken as to examine the difference of performance appraisal between mass media and enterprises. The result shows that, the procedure and distribution of performance appraisal has profound effect on the aspect of working attitude, devotion and promise-making. However, there¡¦s still no convincing criterion for performance appraisal of the domestic ¡§four major newspapers¡¨. As a result, under the drastic pressure of competition in mass media, an acknowledged system should be built in order to cultivate excellent journalists, enforce their promises to organization and favor the management of newspaper offices.

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A wide variety of tools exists for appraisal in general. There are, however, very few widely accepted guidelines governing their specific application in industrial projects. It would be useful to a practicing project appraiser to be able to discern which appraisal methods are most applicable to a particular situation. This research has therefore undertaken to investigate the relationship between the appraisal methods available and their application to industrial projects. As such, a number of specific objectives have been discerned. The first of these was to analyse the literature in order to determine the general views held. The second was to corroborate the views of literature with actual industrial trends. The final objective was to compare theory and practice in order to develop broad guidelines for future project appraisers. The procedure adopted to meet these objectives firstly involved conducting a survey of the literature. This yielded a number of conclusions which suggest a preferred approach to appraisal. To evaluate this approach an appropriate questionnaire was compiled. This questionnaire was then circulated to a representative target area, namely the industrial sector of the South Western Cape. The response to this survey provided a database of actual industrial projects. From this database trends were extracted using a number of statistical techniques, such as Analysis of Variance, Contingency Analysis and Log-linear Modelling. The results of this analysis were then used to complement the conclusions of literature and to confirm the preferred approach to project appraisal. The conclusions from the literature where consensus was found to exist involve the following issues: The chronological position of appraisal in the project life-cycle. The types of study that should be included in project appraisal. The chronological order of these studies. The extent to which formal techniques should be used. The background that the appraisers should have. The extent to which project characteristics influence the appraisal approach. The database provided by the industrial survey consisted of 173 projects conducted in 33 different organisations. Analysis conducted on this database yielded a number of simple one-to-one relationships between project success, appraisal method used and project characteristics. From these relationships a picture of the reality experienced in the South Western Cape could be formed. Such a picture was compared with literature in order to form an overall set of guidelines for use by the practising project appraiser. As a result of the analysis and the subsequent comparison between literature and practice, conclusions were drawn concerning a number of aspects in the research. Such aspects include the success of the research method, uncertainties of the industrial survey, consensus between literature and practice on appraisal procedures and the existence of a preferred approach to project appraisal. A number of recommendations could also be made with regard to two areas of interest. The first concerns recommendations for further research in the field of project appraisal. These include extending the database so as to accommodate multi-variate analysis, researching the formal techniques available for operational suitability and technical feasibility studies and adopting a different mode of survey to that of a posted questionnaire. The second area of interest recommends a set of broad guidelines to the practising project appraiser. These guidelines rationalise such issues as the influence of project characteristics on the use of appraisal methods, the chronological position of appraisal within the project life-cycle, the type and chronological order of studies that should be conducted in the appraisal procedure and the techniques and expertise that should be utilised within each study.

Submitted to the Faculty of Education in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master of Education in Educational Planning and Administration at the University of Zululand, 2010. / The study focused on developmental appraisal in primary schools at Esikhaleni senkosi ward.

This thesis deals with the developmental appraisal system which was introduced in 1998 to address the professional development of educators in the Republic of South Africa. Development Appraisal System (DAS) is one of the processes of transformation which was introduced after the democratic elections of 1994. This process was necessitated inter-alia by the following challenges, which seem to be faced by educators in the classroom: <ul> <Li> Redeployment of educators;</li> <li> Upgrading of educator’s qualifications;</li> <li> Curriculum change. National Curriculum Statement (NCS);</li> <li> Outcomes Based Assessment (OBA); and</li> <li> Inclusivity–the policy that addresses learner’s barriers in the classroom, used to be called Education for Learners with Special Education Needs (ELSEN)</li>.</ul> The following three questions therefore provide the focus of the study:<ul> <li> What is the nature and scope of DAS and how does it relate to the professional development of educators?;</li> <li> Which appraisal models can be used to understand and contextualise the DAS in the professional development of intermediate phase educators; and</li> <li>To what extent has DAS contributed to the professional development of the intermediate phase educators?</li></ul> Data was collected through the use of a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The target group of this study is the primary school educators in the intermediate phase because they were exposed to all the curriculum changes, for example, NATED 550, Curriculum 2005 and finally, National Curriculum Statement. There were 4 participants in the study from each of the sampled schools. The participants from each school comprised of the principal, the HOD and two educators. The two educators, the Heads of Departments and some principalsof very small schools, completed the questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the principals who did not complete the questionnaires. The study was conducted in both rural and urban schools, to determine how educators from different settings perceived educator appraisal. The following are the most important findings applicable to the third research question, namely, the contribution of the developmental appraisal on the professional development of the primary school educators.<ul> <li> The study revealed that appraisal was implemented in the Republic of South Africa but there are still some factors that may still limit the potential of appraisal and they are as follows:</li> <li> Lack of capacity of the appraisers, appraisees and the workshop facilitators;</li> <li> Lack of time; money and the necessary resources for the purposes of developing educators on the needs identified during the appraisal process.</li> <li> Lack of support from the Area Project Office; school development teams and School Management Teams (SMTs) due to overloading caused by the Post Provisioning Model (PPM). As a result of this model, the school structures failed to address the needs which were identified during the appraisal process;</li> <li> Inadequate training in appraisal; and</li> <li> Lack of monitoring of the appraisal process.</li></ul> The study clearly indicated that if appraisal can be effectively implemented by addressing the educators’ identified needs, it may definitely benefit all in the education fraternity, and the implementation of the new curriculum and other departmental initiatives may not be riddled with problems. The current study serves as an advice to managers at all levels that, if time and resources are not prioritised for educator development, this could make the educator negative about the whole appraisal process. The study recommended the following:<ul> <li> That appraisers and appraisees be re-trained in appraisal as well as self assessment; <li> That the training needs identified during the appraisal process be met;</li> <li> That the appraisal process be monitored; and</li> <li> Newly appointed educators should be mentored.</li></ul> / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

The purpose of this study was to explore the causal relationship between purpose of appraisal and leniency in performance ratings. A model in which rater self-efficacy mediated the relationship between appraisal purpose and leniency was tested. In addition, behavioral recognition accuracy was hypothesized to affect rater leniency. In a laboratory setting, 109 undergraduate raters judged the videotaped performance of a graduate teaching assistant. Results of the study showed that (a) leniency was positively related to task-specific self-efficacy, and (b) behavioral recognition accuracy was positively related to general rating self-efficacy. A purpose of appraisal effect was not observed and the proposed mediational model was not supported. These results were discussed in relation to rater affect, accountability in performance ratings, and information processing. / Master of Science

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