La présente recherche a pour objectif de souligner la nécessité de la réflexion traductologique et de l’ouverture interdisciplinaire pour réhabiliter la conception de la traduction et améliorer sa pédagogie dans le cadre de l’enseignement des langues étrangères. Elle a pour ambition d’établir des rapports de complémentarité entre la didactique des langues et celle de la traduction. Dans une perspective communicationnelle, les deux disciplines pourraient se rejoindre sur de nombreux points. Ce travail de recherche propose de définir les conditions d’une possible convergence entre deux approches : -L’approche actionnelle préconisée par le Cadre Européen Commun de Référence pour les Langues pour l’enseignement/apprentissage des langues et cultures étrangères. -L’approche discursive fondée sur la Théorie Interprétative de la Traduction, constituant une base pour la didactique de la traduction. / This research seeks to highlight the need for reflections within Translation studies for an interdisciplinary approach to the designing of translation and how to improve its pedagogy within the framework of the teaching of Foreign Languages, with the aim to establishing complementary links between Foreign Language teaching and Translation. From a communicational perspective, the two disciplines could have a lot in common. We propose to define the conditions for a possible convergence between two approaches : -The Action-oriented approach recommended by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages for the teaching and learning of foreign languages and cultures. - The Discursive approach based on the Interpretative Theory of Translation which constitutes a basis for the pedagogy of translation.

This paper aims to analyse syllabi written for teachers of English in Sweden from 1962 up until 2000. The syllabi are placed into a matrix to provide a lucid view of the development. The syllabi used in this study are the documents published in 1962, 1980 and 2000. The paper moves on to historically acknowledge methods and approaches in language teching serves as the basis of the division made in the matrix, as well as White's (1988) classification of two types of syllabi. The study shows that the syllabi have become more and more communicative and drawn from the structural type. The teachers are still the ones in charge, but the syllabus today is more open for interpretation that the previous documents.

Most studies on the antihypertensive effects of bioflavonoids have reported short-term effects (within 7 weeks) at high concentrations (40–100 mg kg–1 day–1). The present study by contrast has investigated long-term effects of low concentrations of bioflavonoids on arterial blood pressure and left ventricular performance in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Spontaneously hypertensive rats were divided into a treated (n = 16) and a control (n = 16) group. The treated group received daily a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) at a concentration of 4mg kg–1day–1over six months. Arterial blood pressure (ABP) was measured once monthly on six randomly selected rats from both groups using an indirect tail-cuff method. After three months, the remaining rats underwent catheterizations to measure left ventricular performance and aortic pressure. The possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in the effects of GSPE was investigated by blocking NO synthase with N-nitro-Larginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Animals in the treated group had significantly lower arterial end-diastolic pressures (AEDP) after three months of treatment compared with control animals, and this trend continued until six months. In the treated group, left ventricular systolic pressures (LVSP) were reduced by 16.6% (P = 0.005), their dP/dtmax (left ventricular pressures) were reduced by 19.7% (P = 0.050), and cardiac work was reduced by 22.0% (P = 0.045) at the end of three months. Treatment with L-NAMEsuggested a contribution of NO to the effects of GSPE on blood pressure. A low concentration of GSPE administered over six months lowered AEDP significantly, and the L-NAME response suggested that NO is involved. The decreased AEDP had a lowering effect on left ventricular dynamics of hypertensive rats.

Nonsinusoidal conditions in modern power systems require special definitions to quantify power. A clear physical interpretation of different conditions, leading to different phenomena, is essential to enable engineers to relate power measurements to meaningful physical manifestations in the power network with the objective of tariff implementation and the design of compensation strategies. L.S. Czarnecki originated a number of unique power definitions in the frequency domain that conform very well to these requirements. Unfortunately an important, but hitherto neglected deficiency appears to be present in the Czarnecki definitions: Under practical conditions, the summation of power in three-phase networks with distorted waveforms yields erroneous results. This paper investigates this important inherent deficiency of the Czarnecki power theory.

There is no abstract available for this dissertation. / Department of Educational Psychology

The game of Hex is a board game that belongs to the family of Shannon games, which are connection-oriented games where players must secure certain connected components in graphs. The problem of solving Hex is a decision problem complete in PSPACE, which implies that the problem is NP-Hard. Although the Hex problem is difficult to solve, there are a number of problem reduction methods that allow solutions to be found for small Hex boards within practical search limits. The present work addresses two problems, the problem of solving the game of Hex for small board sizes and the problem of creating strong artificial Hex players for larger boards. Recently, a leading Hex solving program has been shown to solve the 7x7 Hex board, but failed to solve 8x8 Hex within practical limits. This work investigates Hex-solving techniques and introduces a series of new search optimizations with the aim to develop a better Hex solver. The most significant of these new optimization techniques is a knowledge base approach that stores and reuses search information to prune Hex-solving searches. This technique involves a generalized form of transposition table that stores game features and uses such features to prove that certain board positions are winning. Experimental results demonstrate a knowledge base Hex solver that significantly speeds up the solving of 7x7 Hex. The search optimization techniques for Hex solvers given here are highly specialized. This work reports on a search algorithm for artificial Hex players, called Pattern Enhanced Alpha-Beta search that can utilize these optimization techniques. On large board positions, an artificial Hex player based on the Pattern Enhanced Alpha- Beta search can return moves in practical times if search depths are limited. Such a player can return a good move provided that the evaluated probabilities of winning on board positions at the depth cut-offs are accurate. Given a large database of Hex games, this work explores an apprenticeship learning approach that takes advantage of this database to derive board evaluation functions for strong Hex playing policies. This approach is compared against a temporal difference learning approach and local beam search approach. A contribution from this work is a method that can automatically generate good quality evaluation functions for Hex players.

No description available.

<p>In contrast to the plethora of sociological interpretations that read Baudrillard's corpus of works through the themes that he analyzed in the late '60s and '70s, this work attempts to re-read Baudrillard through his recent publications. Sociological approaches center on a Marxist critique of capitalism and on the themes of simulation and simulacra. They therefore tend to see Baudrillard's recent work as "unreadable," for the latter does not offer an alternative social position. A philosophical reading of Baudrillard through his latest work does not presuppose that Baudrillard is to offer an alternative social position, hence this reading is capable of questioning the basis of sociological approaches to Baudrillard.</p> <p>This reading attempts to disclose the themes of simulation and seduction as a critique of perspectivism that brings forth semiological and seductive forms of postperspectivism. The uncovering of the grounds of perspectivism goes hand-in-hand with interpreting semiological and fatal strategies not as historical but as genealogical undertakings. This approach presupposes a re-placement ofBaudrillard's body of works from a Marxist to a Nietzschean context. Within this context fatal strategy is no longer seen as a reversal of the semiological strategy or a form of ressentiment directed at "subjective" strategies, but rather as a further genealogical "archaeology" of simulacra. When Baudrillard's recent works are seen as "raw phenomenology," they are capable of offering new conceptions of subjectivity, reduction, reference, and meaning. However, a phenomenological reading of fatal strategy calls for the abandonment of the Baudrillardian "wager" that only opposes the appearance of an event to its meaning. Instead of a mere opposition, fatal strategy is to uncover non-meaning as the fundamenlal presupposition of meaning. If this step is taken, fatal strategy is no longer an alternative social position or a reversal of "metaphysics of presence," but rather a form of thinking that comes to terms with the infinity and anonymity of language.</p> / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

This essay analyzes Enclave, discusses the different outcomes of using an intrinsic or an extrinsic approach and argues that there is a lack of aesthetic objectives in the English syllabus in Swedish upper secondary school. Initially it introduces the novel Enclave and states what kind of syllabus Sweden utilizes and what the syllabus' goals are for the students. Secondly, it acknowledges the relationship between the two approaches recognizing a debate and the fact that an intrinsic approach has been ignored by schools and scholars in England. In this context it includes the relationship the English subject in Sweden has with literature. Furthermore, the essay provides thorough definitions of the intrinsic and extrinsic approaches which are used to analyze Enclave. Finally, it concludes that it is more difficult to relate the intrinsic approach to the syllabus because of its lack of aesthetic values in the content of communication, reception, production and interaction objectives. The results yielded were similar in that both required intensive reading but an aesthetic experience only occurred with the intrinsic approach done to Enclave.

This thesis offers a new approach to mind modelling in modernist narratives. Taking Nietzsche’s work as exemplary of modernist ideas about cognition’s relational basis, I argue that conceptual blending theory, a particularly cogent model of a fundamental cognitive process, has roots in modernism. I read inscriptions of relational cognition in modernist narratives as “conceptual blends” that invite cognitive mobility as a central facet of reader response. These blends, which integrate conceptual domains, invite similarity-seeing and difference-seeing, exposing the reader to new conceptual content and new cognitive styles; she is thus better able to negotiate the reading-related complexities of modernist narrative’s formal innovations and the real-world complexities of modernity’s local and global upheavals. Chapter One considers blending’s interrelated rhetorical motivations and cognitive effects in Chiang Yee’s Silent Traveller narratives: bringing together English and Chinese domains, Chiang’s blends defamiliarize his readers’ culturally entrenched assumptions, invite collaborative reading strategies, and thus equip his readers for relating flexibly to a newly globalized world. Moving away from blends in a text’s narration, Chapter Two focuses on blends as textual structuring principles. I read Virginia Woolf’s The Waves as a thinking mind with fundamentally relational cognitive processes; I consider the mobile cognitive operations we perform reading about a text’s mind thinking and thinking along with it. Chapters Three and Four cross the nebulous text-peritext border to examine blends in modernist prefaces. Chapter Three focuses on blends in Joseph Conrad’s and Henry James’s prefaces, relating them, through the reading strategies they invite, to the narratives they accompany. Chapter Four considers allographic prefaces to Arthur Morrison’s Tales of Mean Streets and two of Chiang’s narratives: blends in these prefaces invite the cognitive mobility necessary for reconceptualizing both allographic preface-text and East-West relations. All four chapters treat the modernist narrative text as a textual system whose blends, often interacting and borderless, signal reciprocal, mutually permeable relations among its textual levels. Dialogic relations also underwrite the interaction between these blends and blends the reader performs when engaging with them. Modernist narratives model (bear inscriptions of) cognition’s relational processes in order to model (shape) the reader’s mind.