This thesis investigates computerised cognitive training in older adults, with a focus on training working memory and fluid intelligence. A series of studies is reported, with two broad aims. The first was to develop and validate outcome measures appropriate for use in this population, and the second was to examine whether established gains in cognitive functioning generalised to everyday life. In relation to the first aim, two studies were conducted which concerned the development of a sensitive measure of organisational abilities within a computerised paradigm, the Games Evaluation Task (GET). A further study made use of an existing naturalistic measure, the Multiple Errands Task (MET, Shallice & Burgess, 1991), and investigated whether it was possible to obtain reliable ratings of performance on the basis of video footage taken from the participant’s perspective by means of a body-worn camera. Both the GET and MET were used as outcome measures in the subsequent training studies. In relation to the second aim, three studies of cognitive training are reported. The first is a case study of a man with problems in working memory and time perception following a stroke. He underwent training on an intensive working memory package within a single-case experimental design that incorporated an active control condition. This approach was then extended in a larger sample of healthy older adults, who trained intensively on tasks that focussed either on working memory, or fluid intelligence and problem solving. In the final study participants trained on a combination of both working memory and fluid intelligence tasks. In addition, they watched training videos that focused on teaching various cognitive strategies. The aim of this video supplement was to help participants draw links between the computer training and real-life situations, and hence to foster generalisation of any benefits to everyday life. The thesis concludes with a general discussion which examines the major findings of the studies presented, their clinical applications, the limitations of the research and possible future directions.

The aim of this thesis is to promote a dialogue about constructive alignment (Biggs, 1996) with a particular focus on the use of reflective writing as an assessed task in courses of teacher education and the influence it has, or does not have, on teacher reflection and/or in improving practice. The work is set against a national context in which time to reflect is being written out of teacher education as a consequence of policy which locates ‘training’ to teach increasingly within the busy-ness of school life. Persuaded by principles of constructive alignment and, therefore, troubled by student teachers’ perceptions of complex assignments which appear to have little relevance to their practice as teachers, I have undertaken an action research study (McAteer, 2013; Norton, 2009; and Wells, 2001), beginning with a conviction that it is possible to design assessment tasks which truly integrate professional and academic requirements and influence the learning activity of student teachers in ways which are meaningful for their development as teachers. Using an adaptation of the Ward and McCotter (2004) ‘Reflection Rubric’ to locate characteristics of reflection within the reflective writing submitted for assessment, the study evaluated the relationship between written reflection and academic and professional attainment and found little evidence that engagement in the reflective writing assignment had contributed to the participants’ development as teachers. I conclude that the assessment strategies of students and of the course had been either not aligned or destructively aligned. The thesis narrates my journey to the adoption of a socio-constructivist perspective, leading to greater insight into the relationship between established assessment practice and the learning activity of student teachers, and a questioning of my practice. Crucially, the notion of a ‘framework for assessment’ is broadened to encompass all assignment-related activity, the people involved and the timeframe, in addition to the task and criteria. I conclude by identifying a desire to know more about the national view of assessment in teacher education, seeking a network of colleagues in order to explore ways in which counterparts in other institutions are supporting student teachers to develop reflective practice and assess reflective writing.

in English Assessment allows the teacher not only to assess the success of teaching, but also to plan other teaching objectives and means of their fulfillment, especially the content of teaching, the choice of methods and organizational forms. The diploma thesis aims to find out what types and forms of school assessment are prefered by Primary education teacher trainees. The second objectives is to identify what influences students' preferences in choosing the types and forms of school assessment, and to compare the views of 1st, 3rd and 5th grade students on school assessment. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis focuses on defining the researched issues, assessment functions, forms and methods of assessment. The research survey is conceived as a quantitative study, the respondents are students of the Primary education study programe. As a research method was chosen questionnaire of my own design. Key words Primary Education; assessment; school assessment; teacher training

教育訓練是各組織人力資源發展中重要的一環，而訓練需求評估又是教育方案成功與否的關鍵，警察教育亦然。本研究希望能從訓練制度中的訓練規劃與訓練需求的部分切入，並以97年報考並入學就讀臺灣警察專科警員班第27期進修學生組的學生為研究範圍，探討基層員警對在職進修教育訓練規劃的看法及訓練需求為何，以提供教育訓練單位作為設計出提昇人力素質且符合員警需求進修方案的參考，並藉以提昇基層員警進修意願及報考率。 本研究採問卷調查方式，前測與施測均利用SPSS for windows 12.0 中文套裝軟體運算問卷回收資料，以推論出研究結果。經實證分析結果與研究發現，提出以下建議供相關單位參考：壹、在訓練規劃方面：一、調整期程安排；二、精緻師資遴聘、教學方法與教材；三、長官與單位同仁應予支持；四、經濟影響因素應予考量；五、其餘如隊職官的遴派及進修結束後之陞調職等也應一併考量。貳、訓練需求方面：重要的排序為專業知識與為民服務技能的增進。此外，基層員警希望除藉由進修獲得專業智能外，對其餘生活品質、發展潛力、自我成長等層次提昇也有其需求。 關鍵詞：基層員警、在職進修、訓練規劃、訓練需求評估 / Education and training is a crucial part of the development of organizational manpower resources. It is likewise for police education. Assessment of educational needs is the key to success of educational implementation. Using data derived from surveys conducted with trainees of the 2008 police in-service training program, this study examined the expectations and needs of those trainees. It aimed to provide implications to improve the quality of educational training and enhance officers’ willingness to participate in this training program. This study adopted a survey format. Results of pre- and formal tests were analyzed with SPSS version 12 (a statistical software package). In the aspect of program planning, the following suggestions are proposed: (1) re-arrangement of training program; (2) intensification of selection of instructors and enhancement of instructional paradigm and materials; (3) provision of support from supervisors and colleagues; (4) consideration of officers’ financial needs; (5) consideration of completion of this in-service training as a possible factor for career advancement and promotion. In the respect of training needs for trainees, enhancement of professional knowledge and skills was found to be the most important. In addition, quality of life, career advancement, and self-growth are also vital to trainees. Key words: police officers; in-service training; training planning; assessment of training needs

This Master's thesis provides an overview of the work of the contemporary Spanish interpreter, teacher and researcher Ángela Collados Aís. It consists of the author's short biography, the analysis of her research in the evaluation of interpreting quality including an introduction into the issue, and an overview of her published works on interpreter training. Selected chapters include a brief subjective reflection on the text in question. The main motivation for this work was to acquaint the Czech academic community with this figure of Spanish translation studies. This is a theoretical thesis, similar to other student works on important figures on the international translation studies scene.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4112.pdf: 3256147 bytes, checksum: ab0051c5eeb3000ae0d1e0238e824f52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-10 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Studies show that when dealing with cases of abuse, health professionals have difficulties in identification and reporting. These difficulties are related to a gap on this topic on their professional training, the reproduction of cultural patterns of noninvolvement in matters concerning the family, the disbelief in the effectiveness of Child Protection Services, negative past experiences and other personal issues. Other studies have indicated the need for training programs for these professionals, pointing suggestions on what such program should contain, as well as its format, scope and professionals levels involved for this type of audience. The goal of this study was to raise awareness among professionals of the Family Health Program (PSF) about child abuse by developing, proposing and evaluating a training course to identify and report child maltreatment. The training was developed based on the guidelines described by the literature. The objectives of the training were that the professionals should be able to: a) identify the phenomenon of violence, b) identify the types of violence against children and adolescents, c) identify the signs and symptoms associated with such violence; d) identify risk and protective factors; e) analyze the myths surrounding the subject; f) analyse appropriate ways to approach victimized children; g) identify the Protective Network in the city; h) identify and analyze factors that promote resilience; i) establish a dialogue between staff and the agencies responsible for children and youth and j) correctly complete the reporting form. The study was approved by the University´s Ethics Committee. The study included two teams of reference from two distinct Family Health Units. Initially only team participed in the intervention group and a the second remained as control. The study took place in a mid size city of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The training lasted 15 hours, divided into 10 alternative week meeting. At the end of the first intervention, the control group took part of the training, as well. Each team had 11 health professionals. The assessment instruments used were: Questionnaire on Hypothetical Cases, Child Maltreatment Evaluations in Pediatric Primary Care and Questionnaire on Family Violence against Children and Adolescents. After the health teams training a positive changes on the procedures adopted in a situation of suspected or confirmed child maltreatment, were found as well considering incresining to reporting to Protective Services. Moreover, according to participants evaluation, the training made them aware of the care involved in such cases, which went unnoticed before. In conclusion the training of health professionals to identify and report Protective Services cases of child abuse is an efficient way to maximize reporting behavior. It would be important to have Public Polities to improve services to children as a mean to prevent violence, as well as strengthening Child Protection Services. / Estudos mostram que, ao lidarem com casos de maus tratos, os profissionais de saúde enfrentam dificuldades, tanto para identificar, quanto para notificar. Essas dificuldades estão relacionadas à lacuna desse tema na formação profissional, à reprodução de padrões culturais no não envolvimento em assuntos que seriam familiares, à descrença na efetividade dos órgãos competentes, como Conselhos Tutelares, às experiências negativas anteriores e a aspectos pessoais. Outros estudos indicaram a necessidade de programas de capacitação para esses profissionais e apontam algumas sugestões sobre o que um programa deveria conter, assim como sua forma, abrangência e níveis profissionais envolvidos com esse público. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu em sensibilizar profissionais do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) para a temática da prevenção da violência contra a criança e o adolescente ao elaborar, propor e avaliar um curso de capacitação para identificar e notificar maus-tratos contra crianças e adolescentes. A capacitação foi desenvolvida com base em diretrizes descritas na literatura. Os objetivos da capacitação foi que, ao final do curso, os profissionais fossem capazes de: a) identificar o fenômeno da violência; b) identificar os tipos de violência contra crianças e adolescentes; c) identificar os sinais e sintomas associados; d) identificar fatores de risco e proteção; e) analisar mitos envolvendo a temática; f) analisar a forma de abordar vítimas de maus-tratos; g) identificar a rede de proteção na cidade; h) identificar e analisar os fatores que promovem resiliência; i) estabelecer diálogo entre a equipe e as entidades responsáveis pela infância e juventude e j) preencher corretamente a ficha de notificação. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética da UFSCar. Participaram deste estudo duas equipes de referência de Unidades Saúde da Família distintas, sendo inicialmente uma equipe participante do grupo A e outra do grupo B, em uma cidade do interior de São Paulo. A duração da capacitação foi de 15 horas divididas em 10 encontros quinzenais. Ao final da primeira intervenção, replicou-se a capacitação com o grupo B. As equipes eram compostas de 11 profissionais de saúde cada. Os instrumentos de avaliação utilizados foram: Questionário sobre Casos Hipotéticos, Escala sobre Avaliação de Maus-tratos contra Crianças e Adolescentes na Atenção Básica e Questionário sobre Violência Intrafamiliar contra Crianças e Adolescentes. Após a capacitação das equipes houve uma variação positiva quantos a procedimentos adotados diante de uma situação de suspeita ou confirmação de maus-tratos considerando-se o cumprimento da legislação de comunicar ao Conselho Tutelar casos de suspeita ou confirmação de maus-tratos. Ademais, segundo avaliação dos participantes, a capacitação sensibilizou-os quanto ao cuidado desses casos que antes passavam despercebidos. Conclui-se que a capacitação de profissionais de saúde para identificar e comunicar à autoridade competente sobre casos de violência contra crianças e adolescentes, pode ser eficiente para o objetivo proposto e, seria de suma importância, aplicá-las como Política Pública para melhorar o atendimento à população e, principalmente, prevenir a violência., bem como fortalecer a rede de proteção à criança e adolescente.

A major concern for most leadership development teams is aligning training and development goals to desired outcomes, especially when looking at overall costs to plan and implement effective training programs. Leadership training in healthcare is increasing due to the complexity of duties and the need to deal with conflicting situations on a regular basis. This study explored whether goals and assessment instruments identified and applied by program development managers were adequate to reflect a multi-frame perspective, and whether participant feedback articulates benefits encompassing multiple frames. Four main questions were used in the study: “What potential benefits do leadership development staff who select, design, and evaluate training articulate; and do they capture a multi-frame perspective? How do the goals of the program development managers align with the assessment of evaluation instruments, and do the assessments reflect a multi-frame perspective? How does the perception of training benefits align with leadership development goals and multi-frame perspective? What effect does training in competencies such as, problem-solving, conflict management, and effective communication have on leaders in healthcare?” To highlight a potential link between behavior, change and organizations; Social Cognitive, Human Needs, and Systems Theories were utilized. A mixed-method design applying Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and Descriptive Statistics was used. Results of the study indicate that the goals identified by leadership development do align with trainees outcomes in terms of: serving as a support mechanism to ensure effective team-building; facilitating growth towards promotion through education and effective feedback; and enhancing leadership core competencies such as, emotional intelligence, conflict management and communication skills.