Human assessors are currently the best instruments for evaluating the sensory properties of both food and non-food consumer products. In the early stages of descriptive sensory panel training, a lexicon is still undergoing refinement and assessors are only beginning to understand the identities of sensory attributes and how to use the scale to communicate the intensity of sensations. To expedite training, the panel leader provides structure and feedback. Several statistical approaches have been proposed that indicate training status. In this thesis several approaches are reviewed, and a multistage process that involves scrubbing data, estimating parameters, reviewing fit, and exploring multivariate relationships is developed. The process reveals attribute misunderstandings, considers candidate training targets for subsequent training sessions, and explores data to better understand product properties.

Syftet med examensarbetet är att främja den hållbara utvecklingen i anläggningssektorn. Målet med rapporten är att visa hur miljöklassningssystemet CEEQUAL kan förbättras samt hur användningen kan främja hållbar utveckling i mark och anläggningsprojekt i Sverige. CEEQUAL är ett miljöklassningssystem inom infrastruktur och anläggning som har utvecklats i Storbritannien av Institution of Civil Engineers.  I examensarbetet har följande frågeställningar undersökts:  Hur fungerar CEEQUAL i praktiken?  Vad är den svenska erfarenheten från användningen av CEEQUAL?  Hur kan anläggningssektorn förbättra miljö/hållbarhetsarbetet genom miljöklassning med CEEQUAL?  Hur kan man förbättra miljöklassningssystemet CEEQUAL?  Frågorna har besvarats genom metoderna litteraturstudie och dokumentanalys men även genom intervjuer med olika aktörer inom anläggningsbranschen.  Denna rapport innehåller en kort sammanfattning av vad hållbar utveckling betyder och en fördjupning inom miljöklasscertifieringssystemet CEEQUAL samt dess användning inom anläggnings- och infrastrukturprojekt.  En jämförelse mellan CEEQUAL, de 16 nationella miljömålen och Kretsloppsrådets mål har också utförts för att se om de behandlar samma miljöområden.  En certifiering sker i flera olika steg. En certifiering genomförs av en utbildad assessor som bedömer och ger poäng på svaren av frågorna som återfinns i CEEQUAL:s manual. Betyget beror på hur väl projektet uppfyllt de krav som CEEQUAL efterfrågar. Det kontrolleras sedan av en oberoende granskare och godkänns till sist av CEEQUAL som ger ett slutbetyg.  Certifieringssystemet CEEQUAL har både har för- och nackdelar. En av de största nackdelarna är det inte finns någon svenskanpassad version. Frågorna i manualen är på engelska och svårtolkade vilket leder till att det tar tid att förstå dem samt att det med tiden ökar risken till att CEEQUAL tappar sin trovärdighet.  TGOJ-porten (TGOJ står för Trafikaktiebolaget Grängesberg-Oxelösunds Järnvägar) är ett anläggningsprojekt där syftet var att byta ut en järnvägsbro till en betongbro som gjuts i krossmaterial. Resultatet visar att de stora förbättringsåtgärderna som exempelvis återanvändning av material samt inköp av krossmaterial var redan identifierade innan CEEQUAL beslutades att användas. / The purpose of this work is to promote sustainable development in the construction sector. The goal of this rapport is to show how environmental classification system CEEQUAL can be improved and how their use may promote the sustainable development of land and construction projects in Sweden. CEEQUAL is an environmental classification system for infrastructure that has been developed in the UK by the Institution of Civil Engineers.  The following questions were investigated in the thesis:  How does CEEQUAL work in practice?  What is the Swedish experience from the use of CEEQUAL?  How can the contruction sector improve the environmental work through an environmental classification with CEEQUAL?  How can the environmental classification system CEEQUAL be improved?  The questions were answered by the methods literature studies and document analysis but also interviews with various actors in the construction market.  This report contains a brief summary of what sustainable development means, a specialization in environmental classification system CEEQUAL and its use in the construction and infrastructure projects.  A comparison between CEEQUAL, the sixteen environmental quality objectives and The Ecocycle Council objectives has also been done to see to see if they deal with similar environmental areas.  A certification is done in several steps. The certification is carried out by a trained assessor who assesses and gives points for the answers of the questions found in CEEQUAL's manual. The score depends on how well the project met the requirements that CEEQUAL demand. It is then checked by an independent verifier and approved finally by CEEQUAL giving a final grade.  The certification system CEEQUAL have both advantages and disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages is that there is no Swedish adapted version. The questions in the manual are in English and difficult to interpret which leads to that it takes time to understand them and also that it over time increases the risk that CEEQUAL loses its trustworthiness.  TGOJ-port (TGOJ stands for Trafikaktiebolaget Grängesberg-Oxelösunds Järnvägar) is a construction project where the aim was to replace a railway bridge to a concrete casted in crushed aggregate. The results shows that the major improvement measures such as recycling of materials and the purchase of aggregate materials were already identified before CEEQUAL was decided to be used.

Abstract This feasibility study is about setting up an assessment center in Chunghwa Telecom. The program is at the preliminary stage and thirty one assessors have been trained. The researcher asked those assessors to rank the importance of the forty core competencies identified for the target positions (section chiefs and center directors). Each assessor made the ranking twice: in theory (i.e., the ideal situation) and in practice. The template-matching technique was used to study the core competence fit between these two. The major empirical findings of the study are as follows: 1. There exists a general fit between the competencies for the ideal state and the practical state. 2. There are a few significant differences between the rankings for the two states. In nowadays, lower requirements for planning ability, judgment, training subordinates, and financial analysis, but higher requirements for persuasion, written ability, and body language. 3. There are age differences for the degree of fitness. 4. Those who have been certified as assessors have a stronger confidence in the assessment center.

The present thesis deals with testing the capabilities of assessors in sensory analysis focused on examining the sensitivity of the sense of taste. Evaluation was carried out among students of Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, in splitting into different groups according to gender, age, field of study, health status, in terms of smokers-nonsmokers, depending on season and time of day at which the evaluation was conducted. At present, when occures the glut of food in economically developed countries, consumer visors besides nutritional choices and wholesomeness also sensory quality, which is the only one he can consider himself on the spot. Foods are preferred or rejected by the feelings that have developed on the basis of experience. It was therefore necessary to create an objective analytical method for assessing foods to ensure the elimination of interferences and subjective factors. A suitable method is called sensory analysis, in which the organoleptic properties of food are determined solely by human senses. It affects such qualitative indicators, which can not be characterized by instrumentation. The results obtained indicate that there are differences within the studied groups. More successful were: women than men, completely healthy assessors than assessors with mild symptoms of colds, winter (December 2014) group of assessors than spring (April 2015) group, morning group (7:00 to 10:00) than afternoon (12:00 to 15:00) group, assessors aged 22 years than other age groups, assessors Animal science than assessors in other fields. Smokers were surprisingly more successful than nonsmokers.

This diploma thesis was focused on visual and olfactory senses and their role in the sensory evaluation. The requirements for assessors working in sensory analysis, for testing place and requirements of the Czech Institute for Accreditation for the accreditation of laboratories working in the field of sensory testing are summarized here. An overview of methods and legislation in the field of sensory analysis is also presented. Methods for studying of smell and vision sensitivity of assessors were selected in the experimental part of this thesis. The methods were verified in the sensory laboratory, validated and standard operating procedures have been developed to the individual methods.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to study the sensitivity of one of the five human senses - taste. It deals with anatomy of taste sense, taste perception and it also describes which kinds of taste we are able to identify. Sensory analysis is focused on human senses and their practical use. Consequently, the requirements for sensory assessors, requirements for sensory laboratory, methods used in sensory analysis and summary of legislation in this area are described in this thesis. In order to perform qualified sensory assessment, the laboratory needs accreditation. On this account the requirements of Czech accreditation institute are mentioned here. Methods suitable for studying of taste sensitivity of sensory assessors are chosen and validated in experimental part. Standard operating procedures are elaborated for these chosen methods.

Text in Afrikaans / Die penologiese perspektief rakende die ontwikkeling/ doel en funksionering van leke-assessore is die onderwerp van hierdie verhandeling. Leke-deelname in die regsplegingstelsel kan terug­ gevoer word na 1657. Deur die latere oorname van Engelse regsbeginsels1 word die juriestelsel in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg geinkorporeer. Na die afskaffing van die juriestelsel in 1969 berus die beantwoording van sowel feite- as regsvrae slegs by die voorsittende beampte. Hierdie situasie is as onaan­ vaarbaar beskou en grater leke-deelname word bepleit. Dit is egter eers in 1991 dat die aanwending van leke-assessore in die Suid-Afrikaanse regstelsel 'n realiteit word. Een van die voorvereistes vir die aanstel van assessore is dat die aanstelling dienstig vir die regspleging moet wees. Die vraag waarmee penoloe en juriste worstel, is of die aanwending van assessore tans wel bevorderlik vir gesonde regspleging is. Uit empiriese navorsing het dit geblyk nie die geval te wees nie. Derhalwe word 'n opleidingsprogram vir assessore voorgestel / The subject of perspective on tioning of lay justice. this dissertation is a penological the development/ purpose and tunc­ assessors in the administration of The use of lay assessors can be traced back as far as 1657. As a result of the adoption of the British law principles/ the jury system was incorporated in South African law. After the abolition of the jury in 1969/ the answering of factual and judicial questions resides in the presiding officer. This situation was unacceptable and lay participation was advocated. The use of lay assessors became a reality in 1991. The prerequisite for the appointment of an assessor is that it should be expedient for the administration of justice. But are the use of lay assessors beneficial at this stage? From the empirical research it is evident that it is not beneficial at all and therefore the researcher recommends a training programme for lay assessors. / Penology / M.A. (Penologie)

Text in Afrikaans / Die penologiese perspektief rakende die ontwikkeling/ doel en funksionering van leke-assessore is die onderwerp van hierdie verhandeling. Leke-deelname in die regsplegingstelsel kan terug­ gevoer word na 1657. Deur die latere oorname van Engelse regsbeginsels1 word die juriestelsel in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg geinkorporeer. Na die afskaffing van die juriestelsel in 1969 berus die beantwoording van sowel feite- as regsvrae slegs by die voorsittende beampte. Hierdie situasie is as onaan­ vaarbaar beskou en grater leke-deelname word bepleit. Dit is egter eers in 1991 dat die aanwending van leke-assessore in die Suid-Afrikaanse regstelsel 'n realiteit word. Een van die voorvereistes vir die aanstel van assessore is dat die aanstelling dienstig vir die regspleging moet wees. Die vraag waarmee penoloe en juriste worstel, is of die aanwending van assessore tans wel bevorderlik vir gesonde regspleging is. Uit empiriese navorsing het dit geblyk nie die geval te wees nie. Derhalwe word 'n opleidingsprogram vir assessore voorgestel / The subject of perspective on tioning of lay justice. this dissertation is a penological the development/ purpose and tunc­ assessors in the administration of The use of lay assessors can be traced back as far as 1657. As a result of the adoption of the British law principles/ the jury system was incorporated in South African law. After the abolition of the jury in 1969/ the answering of factual and judicial questions resides in the presiding officer. This situation was unacceptable and lay participation was advocated. The use of lay assessors became a reality in 1991. The prerequisite for the appointment of an assessor is that it should be expedient for the administration of justice. But are the use of lay assessors beneficial at this stage? From the empirical research it is evident that it is not beneficial at all and therefore the researcher recommends a training programme for lay assessors. / Penology / M.A. (Penologie)

A predictive validity approach has been employed to find some implications to support evidences for Automated Essay Scoring (AES) systems. First, using R² values from multiple linear regression models, validity indices are compared first between multiple choice scores and essay scores across four AES systems. Secondly, R² values from models using only essay scores, the validity indices of four AES systems are hypothetically compared to see if how well AES systems could predict student outcome such as GPA. / text

O presente trabalho apresenta proposições de métodos uni e multivariados para a avaliação do desempenho de assessores sensoriais. Desta forma, os objetivos desta tese são: (i) identificar os principais métodos utilizados para a seleção e classificação de assessores de painéis sensoriais; (ii) adaptar e testar métodos utilizados em outras áreas para a seleção e classificação de assessores sensoriais; (iii) propor métodos para a avaliação e desempenho de assessores sensoriais; (iv) validar os métodos propostos utilizando dados reais; e (v) comparar os métodos propostos com os métodos frequentemente utilizados na literatura. Os métodos desenvolvidos foram avaliados através da aplicação de um estudo de caso utilizando dados reais e comparados aos métodos utilizados na literatura. Os métodos propostos apresentam bom desempenho, atingindo os objetivos estabelecidos para o trabalho. Conclui-se que os métodos propostos foram capazes e eficientes na identificação de assessores sensoriais que não estão em consonância com os demais, sendo inovadores e inéditos na área da Sensometria. / This dissertation presents propositions of uni and multivariate methods for evaluating the performance of sensory assessors. There are five objectives: (i) identify methods most frequently used for selection and ranking of sensory assessors; (ii) adapt and propose methods used in other areas for the selection and ranking of sensory assessors; (iii) propose methods for evaluating the performance of sensory assessors; (iv) validate the methodological propositions using real life data; and (v) compare the proposed methods with those frequently used in literature. The Proposed methods were evaluated through a case study using real life data, and compared to methods available in literature. All propositions in this dissertation presented good performance, attending to the proposed objectives. We conclude that the proposed methods are suitable and allow identifying assessors according to their consensus with the rest of the panel, being innovative in the field of Sensometrics.