This research aims to study the effects of organization downsizing programs on the staff in the field of electronic media. There used to be only three television networks in Taiwan, which were TTV, CTV, and CTS. Followed by the approval of the Cable Television Law in 1993, cable TV providers began to enter the market and sprout like mushrooms. A point worth noting is that Taiwan's fourth terrestrial TV station, FTV, officially founded and joined the market in 1997. Significant changes were then brought to Taiwan¡¦s media landscape. The advantages of the three original TV networks were disappearing and taken by the newly emerged cable TV stations. Thanks to the free market mechanism, the competition among news media has become even more and more intense over the last three or four years. A medium which has strong constitution appears to have better performance and is able to maintain certain market share; while those have weak constitutions would often suffer losses in business, in which the most serious are the three original terrestrial TV stations. It makes no exception for cable TV networks, either. Deficit occurs in many cable TV stations, such as CTI, ERA, USTV, STV and Global TV, whereas SET, TVBS, ETTV, and GTV could still obtain profits. The above factors show that downsizing in the field of electronic media must be carried out. The subjects of this research were a group of TV news reporters who have gone through organization downsizing. Interviews were designed to discover the reporters¡¦ perception, involvement, organizational identity and intention to continue in office in search of the best downsizing model. The results are as follows: (1) Downsizing programs have certain impact on staff. Organizations which encourage voluntary demission or retirement might hardly achieve its goal of downsizing in a short while, but survivors would relatively tend to be less likely to resign from office. On the contrary, when compulsory or semi-compulsory methods are used, survivors would be devastated or even muddle along. Such situation might even cause lots of survivors to quit. (2) Thetrimming of personal in electronic media, areusually due to unbalance of information, causing current employee¡¦s varies in working behavior and attitude, cause by age, experience and rank difference. It means that because of freer flow of information, employees that are higher age, more experience, and higher rank, are less affected in behavior and attitude, and more stable. On the other hand, employees that are lower age, less experience and work in the basic level, because of the lack of information, when personal trimming begins, they become more anxious and start quitting. (3)Having a comprehensive scheme, informing and making the employees involved in the whole decision making process, as well as engaging in appropriate dialogue would all increase the willingness of survivors to continue in office and weaken their tendency to resign. (4)Employees who agree with their organization's values and feel a strong sense of connection with their organization tend to be less likely to quit; while others would have stronger inclination to resign.

Une nouvelle synthèse stéréosélective d’acides phosphineux-borane est décrite par hydrolyse d’aminophosphines borane préparées par réaction d'organolithiens sur un complexe d'oxazaphospholidine-borane dérivé de l'éphédrine. Par réaction avec un acide fort, ces acides phosphineux-borane conduisent aux oxydes de phosphines secondaires P-chirogéniques correspondants avec de très bons rendements (90%) et rétention complète de la configuration sur l'atome de phosphore. Les oxydes de phosphines secondaires ont été utilisés en catalyses d'hydrogénation et de Heck asymétriques par des complexes de rhodium et de palladium. Dans une seconde partie, une nouvelle synthèse d’oxydes de phosphines P-chirogéniques substitués par des groupements ortho halogénophényles a été décrite. Le principe de cette synthèse repose sur l’addition d’un oxyde de phosphine secondaire sur un benzyne préparé in situ à partir de dihalogénobenzène. Ces oxydes de phosphines o-halogénés ont été utilisés en synthèse de nouveaux dérivés fonctionnalisés en position ortho par des réactions d’homocouplage par le cuivre ou d’hétérocouplage catalysée par des complexes de palladium. Dans une dernière partie, la préparation de clusters de cuivre chiraux a été réalisée en utilisant des monophosphines P-chirogéniques. La structure par rayons X, le dichroïsme circulaire, et les propriétés photophysiques des clusters chiraux sont présentés. / A new stereoselective synthesis of phosphinous acid boranes is described by hydrolysis of aminophosphines boranes prepared by reaction of the oxazaphospholidine complex derived from ephedrine with organolithium reagents.By reaction with a strong acid, the phosphinous acid boranes lead to the corresponding P-chirogenic secondary phosphine oxides in very good yields (90%) and with complete retention of the configuration at the phosphorus atom. The secondary phosphine oxides have been used in asymmetric hydrogenation and intramolecular Heck cyclisation using rhodium and palladium complexes, respectively. In a second part, a new synthesis of P-chirogenic ortho-halogenophenyl phosphine oxides is described. The principle of this synthesis is based on the addition of secondary phosphine oxides to a benzyne, prepared in situ from dihalogenobenzene. The o-halogenophenylphosphine oxides were used to prepare many functionalized derivatives in ortho position by reactions such as homocoupling with copper or heterocoupling catalyzed by palladium complexes. In the last part, the synthesis of chiral copper clusters was performed using P-chirogenic monophosphines. The X-ray structure, circular dichroism, and the photophysical properties of the chiral clusters were presented.