The relation between the attorney at law and the client based on the mandate contract Lucie Čabanová The purpose of this thesis was to describe the relation established between the attorney at law and his client under the mandate contract regulated by the Commercial Code. However certain rights and obligation arise also from the Advocacy act and from professional regulations and these rules are special, so they have priority over the mandate contract. There are also other circumstances under which the relation between the attorney at law and his client may occur, i.e. the attorney at law may be appointed by the decision of a court or assigned by the Czech bar association. In this thesis I concentrate mostly on the mandate contract, rights and obligations arising from it but I also mention some rules relating to the other ways of creating the legal relation between the attorney at law and the client. The relation, which comes into being, has very specific nature and although it may seem at first glance as purely economic it is also characterized by number of social, ethical and personal ties. This thesis is composed of four chapters. Chapter one is introductory and explains some crucial notions such as attorney at law, european attorney at law, client and the legal frame within which the attorney at...

Crimes of Communism: "Forced labor camps at uranium mines in Jachymov and Pribram in Fifties of the 20th century " In this thesis, I tried to submit, if possible, factually true and correct image of a politically and legally difficult period in our postwar history. Communist revolution in February 1948 started the socialist reconstruction of our society with all the attendant phenomena of rising totalitarian power. Persecution of political opponents and their re-education and forced labor work in uranium mines in Jachymov and Pribram is a really sad reality of our recent history of the fifties of the last century. In retrospect, absurd crimes these prisoners and incredibly inhumane prison conditions and rules of inconvenient people in forced labor camps only show monstrosity of Communist ideology and are proof of loathing practices then representatives of the ruling party. Overview of forced labor camps, the operation of the communist judiciary, the number of incarcerated people, and unfortunately, the numbers who stay in the camps and work in uranium mines have not survived are so by drawing on what the historical stage brought our ancestors and what must remain unforgotten.

The goal of this thesis is to measure the concentration risk of a portfolio as a part of a investment risk considered from the view of insurance companies by various methods and also to compare achieved results. Concentration risk in credit portfolios originates in uneven distribution of invested funds to individual obligors and it is important to manage it. In the theoretical part there are two methods presented - one is being used in practice CreditMetrics), the other one, the EU Directive, will be put into effect in the near future (Solvency II). In the practical part the methods are applied on model portfolios and the results are compared in order to decide how the methods reflect the concentration risk.

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and clinical pharmacy Author: Štěpánka Pešková Supervisor: Doc. PhDr. František Dohnal, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Historical evolution of Pharmacy Practice in the Region of Mladá Boleslav Object and purpose of this thesis is an effort to capture the defining features of the historical development of pharmacy practice in the Mladá Boleslav region since ancient times to the present. Development of pharmacy practice is observed in contact with historical developmet of the region and is connected with the major developmental milestones in the health field. The thesis focuses on a chronological description of pharmacies in the region of Mladá Boleslav.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 G35 / Master of Science / Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering

Despite its recent advent, value at risk (VaR) became the most widely used technique for measuring future expected risk for both financial and non-financial institutions. VaR, the measure of the worst expected loss over a given horizon at a given confidence level, depends crucially on the distributional aspects of trading revenues. Existing VaR models do not capture adequately some empirical aspects of financial data such as the tail thickness, which is vital in VaR calculations. Tail thickness in financial variables results basically from stochastic volatility and event risk (jumps). Those two sources are not totally separated; under event risk, volatility updates faster than under normal market conditions. Generally, tail thickness is associated with hyper volatility updating. Existing VaR literature accounts partially for tail thickness either by including stochastic volatility or by including jump diffusion, but not both. Additionally, this literature does not account for fast updating of volatility associated with tail thickness. This dissertation fills the gap by developing analytical VaR models account for the total (maximum) tail thickness and the associated fast volatility updating. Those aspects are achieved by assuming that trading revenues are evolving according to a mixed non-affine stochastic volatility-jump diffusion process. The mixture of stochastic volatility and jumps diffusion accounts for the maximum tail thickness, whereas the nonaffine structure of stochastic volatility captures the fast volatility updating. The non-affine structure assumes that volatility dynamics are non-linearly related to the square root of current volatility rather than the traditional linear (affine) relationship. VaR estimates are obtained by deriving the conditional characteristic function, and then inverting it numerically via the Fourier Inversion technique to infer the cumulative distribution function. The application of the developed VaR models on a sample that contains six U.S banks during the period 1995-2002 shows that VaR models based on the non-affine stochastic volatility and jump diffusion process produce more reliable VaR estimates compared with the banks' own VaR models. The developed VaR models could significantly predict the losses that those banks incurred during the Russian crisis and the near collapse of the LTCM in 1998 when the banks' VaR models fail.

Esta pesquisa representa um esforço teórico no sentido de evidenciar ao Direito do Trabalho a possibilidade de se compreender o fenômeno do assédio moral no trabalho por mais um referencial: a cultura do narcisismo. A consideração da cultura do narcisismo em estudos sobre assédio moral sinaliza ao Direito do Trabalho a tendência de banalização do assédio moral no trabalho e a necessidade primordial de se combater e prevenir tal fenômeno em uma perspectiva coletiva e social, promovendo debates que não estejam restritos ao ambiente de trabalho, mas que também considerem a discussão do agir do trabalhador como ser humano em outras esferas sociais que não apenas a produtiva. Encarar o assédio moral considerando a cultura do narcisismo implica forçosamente reconhecer que respostas individuais na justiça do trabalho são meramente paliativas e circunscrevem-se à categoria de reparação e não de efetiva transformação social. O Direito deve implementar mecanismos que contribuam para a conscientização sobre o assédio moral no atual contexto da cultura do narcisismo e para seu efetivo combate. / This research is a theoretical effort to demonstrate how the phenomenon of moral harassment at work can be understood in Labor Law using the culture of narcissism. When considering the culture of narcissism while studying moral harassment, it is possible to bring to Labor Laws attention the trend toward the trivialization of moral harassment at work and the primordial need for fighting against and preventing such phenomenon in a collective and social manner. Such fight and prevention should be carried out by promoting debates which are not restricted to the work environment and which also consider the discussion of the workers acting as human beings in areas other than the productive one. Viewing moral harassment with the narcissism culture in consideration necessarily entails recognizing that individual responses in labor justice are merely palliative and are confined to repairing an issue rather than socially transforming it. Law should implement mechanisms that contribute to raising the awareness of and fighting against moral harassment in the current context of the culture of narcissism.

Thesis advisor: Ina V.S. Mullis / Equity in educational outcomes, particularly reading, is an important policy issue in countries around the world. This dissertation used data from PIRLS 2006 to explore an approach to measuring equity in reading achievement internationally at the fourth grade. Relative risk ratios were selected as a measurement approach and were used to create a composite measure, the Relative Risk-Percentage (RRP) Equity Index, to compare equity in reading achievement across countries. This index was used to present the likelihood of scoring below the PIRLS 2006 Low International Benchmark for student groups that were traditionally at risk for low reading achievement compared to other students. The `at risk' student groups that were the focus of this study included those with low parental education, who spoke a language other than the language of instruction, who attended urban or rural schools, and who were boys. To complement the RRP Equity Index results, the relative likelihood of students scoring within the lower 20 percent of their country's reading achievement distribution was also presented. The results of these analyses showed that students with these characteristics were more likely than other fourth grade students to have low reading achievement in a number of the PIRLS 2006 countries. Overall, having parents with less than secondary education and not speaking the language of the test before starting school were associated with inequity in reading achievement in the largest number of PIRLS 2006 countries. As an example of how individual countries could further explore potential reasons for inequities in reading achievement highlighted by the RRP Equity Index, logistic regression models were built for Germany, Iran, and Romania. These models explored the extent to which statistically controlling for differences in resources could diminish the effect of being in an `at risk' group on reading achievement. In all three countries examined, resources explained a substantial proportion of the risk for low reading achievement. Though the logistic regression model results were country-specific, lacking books in the home was strongly associated with lower reading achievement in all three countries. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation.

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There is a wealth of literature on job satisfaction from both Western and Eastern experiences and perspectives, but the literature is limited when it comes to happiness at work, especially in the Arab region. This study is an attempt to encourage research studies in the field of happiness at work in the Middle East and specifically in the United Arab Emirates, the context of the present research, to influence planning in government organisations in implementing a strategy for long-term impacts on happiness levels. This research uses a mixed methods approach of both questionnaires and interviews to collect data. The analysis is conducted by using quantitative and qualitative tools to recognise the gaps and the factors that influence happiness at work and suggests recommendations in order to raise happiness across organisations over the long run. The findings of this study emphasise the necessity of correlating HRM practices, rules and systems with strategic planning that focuses on employee happiness as the greatest purpose of an organisation. The findings emphasise the power of three factors related to employees' feelings towards work which are: Leadership style, organisational culture and organisation structure and how reflecting them in an organisation will positively influence satisfaction and build a strong, positive and happy workplace. This research also discusses one of the controversial inquiries found in the literature about the relationship between job satisfaction and happiness. A conceptual framework is suggested to illustrate the connection between job satisfaction and happiness from a new perspective and clarify how these two concepts positively interact. It clarifies that organisations that indicate a high-level of happiness at work usually indicate a high-level of job satisfaction, and when an organisation achieves a high-level of job satisfaction, it can be deduced that people in the organisation are happy, even where happiness per se is not measured. The findings also show that the role of religion in raising happiness in general is clearer than its role in raising happiness at work and that employees from the sample group, who emphasise the importance of practicing religious rituals, still indicate low feelings towards work regardless of all the facilities that are provided to them to practice their religion.