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Evolutionary genetics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) : molecular markers and applications /Vasemägi, Anti. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. / Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Appendix reprints five manuscripts and papers co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.
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Estimating Atlantic basin tropical cyclone landfall probability for the United States /Brettschneider, Brian, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2006. / Vita. Appendices: leaves 119-142. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-147).
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Fuelwood Use by Rural Households in the Brazilian Atlantic ForestWilcox-Moore, Kellie J. 2010 May 1900 (has links)
Fuelwood is an important source of domestic energy in rural regions of Brazil. In the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, native species from the Atlantic Forest are an important source of fuelwood, supplemented by wood from eucalyptus and coffee plantations. The use of native species is complicated by their increasing scarcity and the recent enforcement of forest policies that prohibit the felling of even dead natives trees without a permit. In this study, the factors contributing to the use of fuelwood in this region, despite the simultaneous use of liquid petroleum gas in most households, are explored by examining fuelwood use patterns in four small rural communities in the Zona da Mata Mineira using household surveys and semi-structured interviews. Two hypotheses were tested using a Jacknife regression. The first hypothesis, based on the energy ladder model, tested the predictive power of socioeconomic status in relation to fuelwood use. Two dependent variables were used to represent the importance of fuelwood to a household: the amount of time a household spent collecting fuelwood (Effort) and the number of purposes a household used fuelwood for (Class of Fuelwood Use). Socioeconomic status did explain a statistically significant percentage of the variance in Effort, but not in Class of Fuelwood Use. The second hypothesis tested for a moderating effect of the availability of fuelwood on the relationship between the socioeconomic status of a household and the dependent variables. The interaction between access to fuelwood and socioeconomic status was shown to explain a significant percentage of the variance in Effort, thereby indicating that the effect of socioeconomic status on time spent collecting fuelwood depends on access to fuelwood. However, there was no statistically significant interaction found between Class of Fuelwood Use and fuelwood availability. The Atlantic Forest Policy was found to have little influence on domestic energy decisions made by surveyed households. Few research subjects had a good understanding of the basic tenets of this policy and the Forest Police do not have adequate resources to enforce the policy at this level.
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Classification of Icelandic watersheds and rivers to explain life history strategies of Atlantic salmonGudjonsson, Sigurdur 17 May 1990 (has links)
A hierarchical classification system of Iceland's
watersheds and rivers is presented. The classification
is based on Iceland's substrate, climate, water, biota,
and human cultural influences. The geological formations
of Iceland are very different in character depending on
their age and formation history. Three major types of
formations occur: Tertiary, Plio-Pleistocene, and
Pleistocene. These formations have different
hydrological characters and different landscapes. There
are also large differences in the climate within Iceland.
Four major river types are found in Iceland: spring-fed
rivers in Pleistocene areas, direct runoff rivers in
Plio-Pleistocene areas, direct runoff rivers in Tertiary
areas and wetland heath rivers in Tertiary areas. Eleven
biogeoclimatic regions occur in Iceland, each having a
different watershed type.
The classification together with life history theory
can explain the distributions, abundances, and life
history strategies of Icelandic salmonids. Oceanic
conditions must also be considered to explain the life
history patterns of anadromous populations. When the
freshwater and marine habitat is stable, the life history
patterns of individuals in a population tend to be
uniform, one life history form being most common. In an
unstable environment many life history forms occur and
the life span of one generation is long. The properties
of the habitat can further explain which life history
types are present. In the most stable and favorable
rivers of Iceland resident life history forms are more
common.
Such a classification of a river habitat greatly
aids the understanding of the habitat and how it enables
and constrains the salmonid populations within it.
Consequently adaptations in life histories are better
understood and conservation, utilization, and management
of these valuable natural resources are made more
coherent and efficient. / Graduation date: 1991
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Ecology And Evolution Of Heavily Exploited Fish PopulationsRicard, Daniel 25 May 2012 (has links)
Commercial harvest of sh stocks and their appropriate management requires an understanding
of their population dynamics and of their ability to sustain exploitation.
Here, some ecological and evolutionary consequences of excessive exploitation are
examined.
In Chapter 2 I evaluate the knowledge base and status of commercially exploited
marine populations that undergo formal stock assessment. Despite a bias towards industrialised
countries and stocks of commercial importance, I show the pervasiveness
of overexploitation and, by using reference points of stock status, identify important
regional di erences in the e ectiveness of sheries management.
In Chapter 3 I develop a data format suitable for ecological analyses to best disseminate
the valuable information contained in scienti c trawl surveys. This data
format is suitable for inclusion into the public Ocean Biogeographic Information System
(OBIS) and provides detailed observations that are suitable to the reconstruction
of important sheries-independent stock indices.
In Chapter 4 I examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of ground sh populations. A
positive abundance-occupancy relationship was estimated for the majority of ground-
sh populations examined suggesting that this well-described terrestrial pattern is
also pervasive in the marine environment. Spatial hysteresis was exhibited by numerous
populations, indicating that the spatial distribution of individuals failed to
recover despite recoveries in abundance.
In Chapter 5 I estimate the demographic consequences of changes in growth and
maturation characteristics. The ability of a population to sustain harvest, and its
ability to recover from previous depletions can be overestimated because of trends
towards earlier maturation and slower growth.
In Chapter 6 I conclude the thesis by discussing the implications of my research to
sheries science and management. I argue that trends in the spatial distribution and
the overall productivity of populations must be accounted for when determining sustainable
shing levels and when predicting recovery trajectories under various catch
abatement scenarios. While successful management measures have been implemented
in a number of marine ecosystems, this thesis highlights the importance of improving
our capacity to understand the dynamics of exploited populations and to fully use
the wealth of available monitoring and assessment data.
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An Invasive Crab in the South Atlantic Bight: Friend or Foe?Hollebone, Amanda L. 11 April 2006 (has links)
The green porcelain crab, Petrolisthes armatus, has recently invaded oyster reefs of the South Atlantic Bight at mean densities of up to several thousand individuals m-². Despite the crab’s tremendous densities and wide-spread occurrence, its population dynamics, the reasons for its success, and its ecological impacts have remained unknown. We used field monitoring in two estuaries of coastal Georgia to assess spatial and temporal patterns of distribution, demographics, reproduction, and effects on native crabs. We used field and mesocosm experiments with constructed oyster reef communities of varying native species richness and adult porcelain crab additions to assess why the invader is successful and how it impacts native species and communities. We found P. armatus distributed throughout the estuaries, primarily in the lower regions and low intertidal. Sex ratios were 1:1 throughout the year. During warmer months mean densities ranged from 1,000-11,000 crabs m-², 20-90% of mature females were gravid, and numerous recruits were present. Despite decreases in density of 64->99% in the winter, populations rebounded in the spring. Maximum mean densities were 37 times the highest densities ever recorded and population fecundity exceeded that of the native range by an order of magnitude, but correlations did not show significant negative effects of P. armatus on native crabs. Field experiments suggested that invasion was successful due to tremendous recruitment overwhelming biotic resistance by native species richness or predation. The crab only needed structure to invade, but the presence of adult conspecifics significantly enhanced recruitment (i.e., intraspecific “invasional meltdown”). We documented several impacts on native biota, including the (1) suppression of oyster growth, benthic algal biomass, native crab recruitment, and native goby densities and the (2) enhancement of bivalve recruitment, macroalgal cover, and survivorship of oyster drills. We did not, though, see an effect on native taxonomic richness. The large direct and indirect effects of P. armatus on growth, survivorship, and recruitment of virtually all of the most common native species on oyster reefs in the short-term (4-12 weeks) and at relatively low experimental densities (750-1500 crabs m-²) imply considerable long-term consequences for a major hard-substrate habitat of the South Atlantic Bight.
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Fuelwood Use by Rural Households in the Brazilian Atlantic ForestWilcox-Moore, Kellie J. 2010 May 1900 (has links)
Fuelwood is an important source of domestic energy in rural regions of Brazil. In the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, native species from the Atlantic Forest are an important source of fuelwood, supplemented by wood from eucalyptus and coffee plantations. The use of native species is complicated by their increasing scarcity and the recent enforcement of forest policies that prohibit the felling of even dead natives trees without a permit. In this study, the factors contributing to the use of fuelwood in this region, despite the simultaneous use of liquid petroleum gas in most households, are explored by examining fuelwood use patterns in four small rural communities in the Zona da Mata Mineira using household surveys and semi-structured interviews. Two hypotheses were tested using a Jacknife regression. The first hypothesis, based on the energy ladder model, tested the predictive power of socioeconomic status in relation to fuelwood use. Two dependent variables were used to represent the importance of fuelwood to a household: the amount of time a household spent collecting fuelwood (Effort) and the number of purposes a household used fuelwood for (Class of Fuelwood Use). Socioeconomic status did explain a statistically significant percentage of the variance in Effort, but not in Class of Fuelwood Use. The second hypothesis tested for a moderating effect of the availability of fuelwood on the relationship between the socioeconomic status of a household and the dependent variables. The interaction between access to fuelwood and socioeconomic status was shown to explain a significant percentage of the variance in Effort, thereby indicating that the effect of socioeconomic status on time spent collecting fuelwood depends on access to fuelwood. However, there was no statistically significant interaction found between Class of Fuelwood Use and fuelwood availability. The Atlantic Forest Policy was found to have little influence on domestic energy decisions made by surveyed households. Few research subjects had a good understanding of the basic tenets of this policy and the Forest Police do not have adequate resources to enforce the policy at this level.
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Late Pliocene Ge/Si Record of Marine Biogenic Opal from the Southern AtlanticChen, Cheau-Ju 18 July 2000 (has links)
Abstract
The primary objective for this study is to determine the variations of germanium (Ge) to silicon (Si) ratios in diatom shells from down core sediments off the southwestern coast of the Africa. Because Ge behaves like Si in the ocean and the major source of these two elements is rivers, Ge/Si ratios of the diatom are thus expected to record the intensity of weathering on continents. Two sediment cores (Site 1081 and 1084) were collected during the ODP Leg 175 in August, October 1997 and were analyzed for intervals between 3.1 and 1.9 Ma. Generally, the (Ge/Si)diatom ratios in this study show the similar trend with those reported from the Antarctic Ocean. The decline of Ge/Si ratios after 2.5 Ma is caused by the high opal mass accumulation rate, indicating the increasing rivers input of silica to the ocean. Relatively high Ge/Si ratios of diatom shells during warm periods shown by the depleted benthic foraminiferal £_18O values from the North and Equatorial Atlantic, suggesting a scenario of intensified chemical weathering on continent. Cold periods signified by £_18O-enriched values are associated with lower Ge/Si ratios. Very likely the reduced Ge/Si values reflect the prevailing weathering on continents was less chemical-dissolving due to the dry weather in cold stages.
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Temporal and spatial variability in density, relative condition, gender composition and maturity status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) parr in the Harry's River drainage system, insular Newfoundland /Fitzgerald, Jennifer, January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2000. / Bibliography: 92-95.
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Defense planning and NATO-European Union relations /Kelemen, Tas. January 2002 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. / Thesis advisor(s): David S. Yost, Tjarck Roessler. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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