Suicide and suicidal attempts have increased over the years and the phenomenon is rapidly increasing countrywide. The rate in increase has not been happe•ning only internationally, but has unsettlingly noted to be rising in South Africa, too. Suicidal attempt has become one of the biggest social problems amongst the youths, and a problem that society has to grapple with. According to the media and statistics presented, the youth engage with destructive behavior and attempted suicide is rampant amongst Black adolescents. The young person imitates his peers and is constantly under pressure to do as the group does. Thus conformity and acceptance are the core words. The adolescent attempts suicide to solve problems. Various reasons are given for suicidal attempts and the youth names amongst others family problems, academic issues, relationship problems and so forth. In the attempt to take own life. different methods are used to commit suicide which range from overdosage, especially amongst females, to ingestion of harmful substances like bleach (clothes detergent) and hair products. Amongst males, more drastic actions in method of attempting suicide are used like hanging, gunshot and jumping from high places like bridges and buildings. There are also instances of self-inflicted burning (immolation) in some cases. Black youths have been found in recent years to engage in suicide and suicidal tendencies, whereas in previous years the tendency was almost non-existent. This calls for an investigation in Black adolescents' way of life and specifically in what their needs are. The latter is drawn from the profile presented; a task which was not easy as there exist little or no literature in this regard. This study should thus be seen as a precursor for further and more comprehensive and exclusive research especially on the social functioning of Blacks and their communities, in general. The results should be used to have sustainable school programmes aimed at the youth in general, but specifically those at risk and displaying destructive behaviour. / PhD (Social Work), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Suicide and suicidal attempts have increased over the years and the phenomenon is rapidly increasing countrywide. The rate in increase has not been happe•ning only internationally, but has unsettlingly noted to be rising in South Africa, too. Suicidal attempt has become one of the biggest social problems amongst the youths, and a problem that society has to grapple with. According to the media and statistics presented, the youth engage with destructive behavior and attempted suicide is rampant amongst Black adolescents. The young person imitates his peers and is constantly under pressure to do as the group does. Thus conformity and acceptance are the core words. The adolescent attempts suicide to solve problems. Various reasons are given for suicidal attempts and the youth names amongst others family problems, academic issues, relationship problems and so forth. In the attempt to take own life. different methods are used to commit suicide which range from overdosage, especially amongst females, to ingestion of harmful substances like bleach (clothes detergent) and hair products. Amongst males, more drastic actions in method of attempting suicide are used like hanging, gunshot and jumping from high places like bridges and buildings. There are also instances of self-inflicted burning (immolation) in some cases. Black youths have been found in recent years to engage in suicide and suicidal tendencies, whereas in previous years the tendency was almost non-existent. This calls for an investigation in Black adolescents' way of life and specifically in what their needs are. The latter is drawn from the profile presented; a task which was not easy as there exist little or no literature in this regard. This study should thus be seen as a precursor for further and more comprehensive and exclusive research especially on the social functioning of Blacks and their communities, in general. The results should be used to have sustainable school programmes aimed at the youth in general, but specifically those at risk and displaying destructive behaviour. / PhD (Social Work), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Liliane Peruche.pdf: 204635 bytes, checksum: d35dfabc3f368d2ff71f49458fec79e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-24 / Studies epidemiologists regarding the suicide describe high incidence, being one of the 10 causes of death in all the ages. The concept of attempt of suicide adopted in this work mentions the act to it that cause injury to that it emits the reply, that can be of esquiva or escape of aversivas situations (Banaco, 2001). The suicide attempts are executed in the majority of the times for women, whom they use as method the ex?gena poisoning. Some events of life are related to the suicide attempt, as fight, problems of loving and familiar relationships, death of wanted being, separation or abandonment, financial losses, indesejada pregnancy, abortion and religious inconst?ncia. However the factor of found more significant risk in the cases of attempt of described suicide and in literature is the presence of mental upheaval. The depression, the upheavals of personality and the excessive alcoholic consumption are most common. In this work the theoretical referencial of the Analysis of the Behavior was used as form of understanding of the auto-destructive behavior. The contingencies gifts in the occurrence of the suicide attempt, together with the history of life of the citizen, are part of the necessary content for the accomplishment of the functional analysis, that is a clinical instrument of the mannering therapy. The objective of this work was functionally to analyze the story of the current contingencies and the history of life of a sample of four participants with history of suicide attempt. Beyond the story of the participants, information of a familiar one of each patient had been harvested. This sample was selected in a service of emergency of a general hospital of the interior of S?o Paulo. A fiche of identification of the participant and a script of interview half-structuralized for the collection of data of the participant had been used. The same interview script was used in the interview with the familiar one, however with some adaptations. The first contact was made during the internment of the patient in the hospital, in the attendance of the suicide attempt. The interviews, as much with the participant how much with its familiar one, they had been carried through in the clinic of the hospital. To the end of the interviews, it was offered to the participant five sessions of psychological support; these sessions had not been used in this study. One concludes that the aversivas contingencies gifts in the life of all the participants at the moment of the TS had been discriminated without difficulties, however the referring contingencies the life history well had not been identified. The familiar desestrutura was a found significant factor in the participants. The functional evaluation of the use of strategies of confrontation presented by the participant can collaborate in the prevention of future attempts. / Estudos epidemiol?gicos a respeito do suic?dio descrevem alta incid?ncia, sendo uma das 10 causas de morte em todas as idades. O conceito de tentativa de suic?dio adotado neste trabalho refere-se ao ato que causa les?o ?quele que emite a resposta, que pode ser de esquiva ou fuga de situa??es aversivas (Banaco, 2001). As tentativas de suic?dio s?o executadas na maioria das vezes por mulheres, que utilizam como m?todo a intoxica??o ex?gena. Alguns eventos de vida s?o relacionados ? tentativa de suic?dio, como brigas, problemas de relacionamentos amorosos e familiares, morte de ente querido, separa??o ou abandono, perdas financeiras, gravidez indesejada, aborto e inconst?ncia religiosa. Por?m o fator de risco mais significativo encontrado nos casos de tentativa de suic?dio e descrito na literatura ? a presen?a de transtorno mental. A depress?o, os transtornos de personalidade e o abuso de ?lcool s?o os mais comuns. Neste trabalho foi utilizado o referencial te?rico da An?lise do Comportamento como forma de compreens?o do comportamento auto-destrutivo. As conting?ncias presentes na ocorr?ncia da tentativa de suic?dio, juntamente com a hist?ria de vida do sujeito, fazem parte do conte?do necess?rio para a realiza??o da an?lise funcional, que ? um instrumento cl?nico da terapia comportamental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar funcionalmente o relato das conting?ncias atuais e a hist?ria de vida de uma amostra de quatro participantes com hist?ria de tentativa de suic?dio. Al?m do relato dos participantes, foram colhidas informa??es de um familiar de cada paciente. Esta amostra foi selecionada num servi?o de emerg?ncia de um hospital geral do interior de S?o Paulo. Foram utilizados uma ficha de identifica??o do participante e um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturada para a coleta de dados do participante. O mesmo roteiro de entrevista foi usado na entrevista com o familiar, por?m com algumas adapta??es. O primeiro contato foi feito durante a interna??o do paciente no hospital, no atendimento da tentativa de suic?dio. As entrevistas, tanto com o participante quanto com o seu familiar, foram realizadas no ambulat?rio do hospital. Ao final das entrevistas, foi oferecido ao participante cinco sess?es de apoio psicol?gico; estas sess?es n?o foram utilizadas neste estudo. Conclui-se que as conting?ncias aversivas presentes na vida de todos os participantes no momento da TS foram discriminadas sem dificuldades, por?m as conting?ncias referentes a hist?ria de vida n?o foram bem identificadas. A desestrutura familiar foi um fator significativo encontrado nos participantes. A avalia??o funcional do uso de estrat?gias de enfrentamento apresentadas pelo participante pode colaborar na preven??o de futuras tentativas.