The thesis deals with wiretapping and recording of telecommunication traffic which is an indispensable instrument for law enforcement on one side, but on the other side nevertheless it intervenes in lives of wiretapped persons in a significant way. The first chapter of thesis focuses on the area of the right to privacy because to be able to assess whether the wiretaps are realized in accordance with the legislation or not, it is essential to know from a legal point of view what falls within the privacy of individuals, which single rights involve the term right to privacy, and so which rights are protected. In the following part, the term wiretapping and recording of telecommunication traffic is explained and the amendments of legislation of this institute are summarized. On the development of the amendments of legislation it can be observed the fostering of protection of right to privacy by/over time on the development of the amendments of legislation. The next part focuses on the issue of the wiretap warrant, specifically on the procedure leading up the wiretap warrant, its compulsory content according to the criminal procedural code, the test of three-degree efficiency control of lawfulness wiretap warrant, and also the jurisdiction which is really important in this issue. The last point which...

The devolution and judicialization movements of the past thirty years have dramatically changed the nature and structure of state-federal governmental relations. States and localities are now playing a larger role in the implementation and delivery of basic government services. Many state legislatures, such as Virginia's, because of their limited sessions and inadequate staff assistance, often leave the interpretation of complex, technical matters to state and local administrators. As a result, the role of state and local administrators in public policy formulation and implementation has become increasingly important. Often, these administrators work in a complex environment marked by unclear lines of authority and ambiguous law. The question then becomes, to whom do state and local executive branch officials turn to for assistance and legal interpretation when legislation or regulatory schemes are unclear? One answer is the state and federal judiciary, however the process of adjudication is often an ineffective instrument for solving complex administrative questions. The risk is that courts will create what Lon Fuller (1964) calls an "undanceable tune," one to which none of the participants know the steps necessary to keep in time with the judicial order. Building upon what Fuller (1964) referred to as the "distinctive competence" of certain legal institutions, this paper offers the opinion writing function of the state attorney general as a viable alternative to adjudication. All state attorneys general issue opinions. These opinions can shape policy and the development of law, partly because the opinions may be the only guidance on statutory or constitutional issues in the absence of prior litigation. Building upon the French Council of State, and using the state of Virginia as a model, this dissertation examines the guiding role that state attorney general opinions can play in resolving issues of ambiguity and statutory construction in various areas of public management and administration. Specifically, this dissertation will examine the influence of Virginia Attorney General Opinions from the years 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, and 2000. The reason for choosing these years will be explained in Chapter One. The dissertation will conclude with a discussion of how state attorney general opinions contribute to the governance dialogue, as well as their potential as transmitters of what Rohr (1989) terms "regime values." / Ph. D.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Vieira de Mello e Silva.pdf: 1748950 bytes, checksum: 55d0d2809e5d300bef1a8e8ff69bf09e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-09 / The purpose of this study is to analyze the omission in article 132 of the Federal Constitution as of 1988, concerning the express non-inclusion of the City Attorneys in the panel of public careers and its reflections under the aegis of the isonomy principle. It examines the consequences of relegating one of the entities of the symmetric Federation The County to ostracism, advocating for the need of safeguarding this entity s constitutional autonomy and competence. In order to achieve its main purpose, this research approaches issues such as May an essential guarantee not integrate the constitutional text? Does the person of public law have essential rights? Can a federated entity prescind from the professional who pursues a State function or even delegate it through outsourcing (a function considered essential to Justice)? Does the interpretation under the terms of the Constitution in force manage to remedy the raised failure? The task of clearing the issues proposed in the course of the work aims to serve, in the academic sphere, the purpose of dealing scientifically with constitutional issues with practical effects, to avoid that the statutory procedure of the political phenomenon is not named and reduced to a sheet of paper (LASSALLE, 1946). The citizen, the great achievements reported in History (such as constitutionalism), social and State dynamics and the progress among federated entities can not allow this digression. It is intended, through this study, to contribute to the scientific research in the form of constitution and administration with a reflex for a concrete application in social and political sphere / O presente estudo tem por escopo analisar o artigo 132 da Constituição Federal de 1988, quanto à não inclusão expressa dos Procuradores do Município no rol das carreiras públicas e seus reflexos sob a égide do princípio da isonomia. Examina as consequências dessa desigualação federativa com referência ao Município. Propugna pela necessidade de se resguardar a autonomia e a competência constitucionais desse ente. Para a consecução de seu objetivo maior, esta pesquisa aborda questões como: Possui a pessoa de direito público direitos fundamentais? Um ente federado pode prescindir do profissional que exerce uma função de Estado ou até mesmo delegá-la por meio da terceirização (uma função considerada essencial à Justiça)? A interpretação, nos termos da Constituição em vigor, consegue sanar o silêncio do legislador no texto do artigo 132 da Constituição Federal ora suscitado? A tarefa de elucidar as questões propostas no curso do trabalho pretende cumprir, na esfera acadêmica, o objetivo de aprimorar cientificamente questões de ordem constitucional com efeitos práticos, contribuindo para que o estatuto jurídico do fenômeno político não seja conceituado e reduzido a uma folha de papel (LASSALLE, 1946). Não há como permitir uma interpretação diferente da sistemática. Não porque há falar no caso em apreço em falha ou lacuna do texto constitucional. Os princípios da isonomia e da segurança jurídica imantam toda a Constituição Federal vigente. Pretende-se, com o presente estudo, contribuir com a pesquisa científica em sede constitucional e administrativa, com reflexo para uma aplicação concreta na esfera social

Univ., Diss.--Hamburg, 2003. / Literaturverz. S. 299 - 319.

The prolific use of the internet and electronic mail within the legal profession presents novel challenges to the application of the attorney-client privilege; especially, in regards to protecting intended confidential communications relayed through e-mail. This thesis addresses the question of whether an attorney in Florida, through electronic mail use, can waive his client's right to the protections of the attorney-client privilege. After a review of current case law, law review articles, statutes, and texts, this thesis concluded that an attorney's communication through e-mail warrants a reasonable expectation of privacy, permitting the attorney to speak in reasonable confidence to clients through the web. However, attorneys, ethically, should consider the strong repercussions for using such a potentially transparent medium for communication. By examining the relationship between current law, the application of the attorney-client privilege, and a reasonable expectation of privacy, this study provides a comprehensive analysis for attorneys concerned with electronic mail usage. Lastly, this thesis provides attorneys with best practices for their electronic mail communications.

No description available.

This study examined the relationship between demographics, attitudes, and subjective norms (influences) on Virginia adults over 50 with at least one adult child and the presence of estate planning documents. The Theory of Reasoned Action (Azjen & Fishbein, 1980) was applied using a secondary data set of 189 participants. Regression analyses examined paths from external variables (demographics), attitudes toward the behavior, and subjective norms to the intention and behavior. Intention and behavior were defined as the possession, intention to possess, and non-intention to possess estate planning documents. Asset-focused documents included Will, Living Trust, Durable Power of Attorney for Financial Issues, and the Letter of Instruction. Health care-focused documents included Living Will and the Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care. An analysis was also conducted on the possession of a complete set of estate planning documents. Older persons were more likely to possess all documents except the Letter of Instruction. Respondents with higher assets were more likely to possess a Will. Respondents who were more educated were more inclined to possess a Living Will. Respondents that had informally promised property to their children were more likely to possess a Living Trust. Younger respondents were more likely to intend to possess a Will, the Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care, and the Living Will. Persons with lower assets were more likely to intend to possess a Will, and those with a goal for privacy in financial affairs and who believed they should help their adult children financially were more likely to intend to possess a Living Trust. Participants who intended to possess a Letter of Instruction were more educated, male, owned homes, and had a goal for privacy in financial affairs. Age (younger) was an indirect influence to the Letter of Instruction, mediated through the goal to leave family financial security. Participants with lower assets and in good emotional health did not have intention to possess a Living Trust. Male gender and owning a home were influences on not intending to possess a Durable Power of Attorney for Financial Issues. Males were less likely to have a Letter of Instruction. Respondents with the goal to leave an inheritance were more likely to have non-intention to possess the Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care and Durable Power of Attorney for Financial Issues. More education, lower income, and residing with a relative were mediated influences to the Durable Powers of Attorney for Health Care and for Financial Issues through the goal to leave inheritance. Respondents that were older, had more assets, owned homes, had a goal to leave an inheritance, and that had informally promised their property were more likely to possess more estate documents. Indirect paths to having a set of estate planning documents were more education, lower income, and residing with a relative, which were mediated through the goal to leave inheritance. The low number of estate planning documents respondents had and the lack of intention to obtain estate planning documents indicate a need for further education in the areas of estate planning. The occurrence of older age as an influence, particularly with health care-focused documents, indicates a need for more awareness in younger adults of their vulnerability, at any age, to illness or injury and that medical directives should be in place. / Ph. D.

The right to have the assistance of defense attorney and to consult with him the way of defense is a part of the right of defense - a basic right in democratic countries, which is expressed in article 40 of Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms and also in various international treaties. The function of defense attorney in the criminal proceedings is irreplaceable. He provides legal aid though all stages of criminal procedure, but I concentrate on his role in preliminary procedure. The defense attorney defends his client from the beginning of criminal prosecution, but advocate can render help even before the criminal prosecution starts, during providing explanation. A right of defense attorney to search out evidence, present evidence and put it forward belongs among the means, which a defense attorney can use to defend his client and affect the course of criminal proceeding. Another right of defense attorney is to participate in the investigative act and the right to see the criminal file. Other rights of the defense counsel are listed in §41 of the criminal procedure code. My thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter deals with the right of fair trial and a right of defense. The following chapters describe preliminary procedure and the role of defense attorney in particular forms of...

The Master's degrese thesis analyse the institute representation in the civil materiál law. It characterises representation globally and tries to digestedly make general scheme which is made on the basis of the legal regulations and second bibliography. The representation in the civil material law could be resolve into the different subsets according to the various conditions. On of the possible ways of the dividing is direct and indirect representation. Indirect representation could be defined as acting of the representant in his own name on behalf of the represented person. Direct representation is acting of the representant in the name of the reperesented person and on its behalf. The rights and the duties come up directly for the represented person. The representation in the civil material law is divided into the contracting representation and the legal representation. The legal representation originated directly in the law or on the basis of the decision of the state power body. The example of the representation which results from the law is the representation of the underages because they do not have full legal status. The legal representation which is result of the decision of the state power body is called also tutelage. The tutelage is possible for he underage persons but also for the...