Orientador : Amauri Lopes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T22:16:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbedo_JaymeGarciaArnal_D.pdf: 1813668 bytes, checksum: b972408599d5379c21b8538d5886086c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Doutorado

D.Litt. et Phil. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Lorsque l'on manipule un signal audio, il est généralement utile d'opérer un isolement du ou des éléments sonores que l'on cherche à traiter. Cette étape est couramment appelée séparation de sources audio. Il existe de nombreuses techniques pour estimer ces sources et plus on prend en compte d'informations à leur sujet plus la séparation a des chances d'être réussie. Une façon d'incorporer des informations sur une source est l'utilisation d'un signal de référence qui va donner une première approximation de cette source. Cette thèse s'attache à explorer les aspects théoriques et appliqués de la séparation de sources audio guidée par signal de référence. La nouvelle approche proposée appelée SPOtted REference based Separation (SPORES) examine le cas particulier où les références sont obtenues automatiquement par détection de motif, c'est-à-dire par une recherche de contenu similaire. Pour qu'une telle approche soit utile, le contenu traité doit comporter une certaine redondance ou bien une large base de données doit être disponible. Heureusement, le contexte actuel nous permet bien souvent d'être dans une des deux situations et ainsi de retrouver ailleurs des motifs similaires. L'objectif premier de ce travail est de fournir un cadre théorique large qui une fois établi facilitera la mise au point efficace d'outils de traitement de contenus audio variés. Le second objectif est l'utilisation spécifique de cette approche au traitement de bandes-son de films avec par exemple comme application leur conversion en format surround 5.1 adapté aux systèmes home cinéma. / In audio signal processing, source separation consists in recovering the different audio sources that compose a given observed audio mixture. They are many techniques to estimate these sources and the more information are taken into account about them the more the separation is likely to be successful. One way to incorporate information on sources is the use of a reference signal which will give a first approximation of this source. This thesis aims to explore the theoretical and applied aspects of reference guided source separation. The proposed approach called SPOtted REference based Separation (SPORES) explore the particular case where the references are obtained automatically by motif spotting, i.e., by a search of similar content. Such an approach is useful for contents with a certain redundancy or if a large database is be available. Fortunately, the current context often puts us in one of these two situations and finding elsewhere similar motifs is possible. The primary objective of this study is to provide a broad theoretical framework that once established will facilitate the efficient development of processing tools for various audio content. The second objective is the specific use of this approach to the processing of movie soundtracks with application in 5.1 upmixing for instance.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of the 8m.m. slow motion color film on the learning of motor skills in physical education. Basketball skills were used in the study. Three classes of Grade 9 boys were selected for the study. The three classes were administered the Stroup Basketball Test. After the initial test one class was selected as the group to receive the class demonstration by film. One class was selected as the group to receive the class demonstration live, by the teacher. The third group was selected as a control group. The groups were matched by threes on a basis of rank order. The live group and film group received 8 lessons in basketball skills. The lessons were identical except for the method of demonstration. The control group received regular physical education periods, excluding basketball. At the end of the 8 lessons, the three groups were retested. Both the film and live groups showed gains in performance which were statistically significant. No statistically significant gains were obtained for the control group. The improvement of both the film group and live group significantly exceeded the improvement of the control group. The improvement of the film group did not significantly exceed the live group. It was concluded that the 8 m.m. slow motion color film seems conducive to the learning of motor skills and adaptable to use in physical education when used competently. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

This study discusses the nature of instructional devices in the adult education setting and presents a typology or classification scheme in which all such devices can be organized, classified, integrated or considered. It was important to carry out a fairly wide and deep review of all research that might possibly be pertinent, or even partially pertain, to the effectiveness of instructional devices, for they were regarded not just as audio-visual aids but rather as a means that could be used purposely to strengthen or enhance the effectiveness of the learning process, - whether a method or technique, and which could supplement either of these in the realization of the educational objective. This rather broad approach to instructional devices involved the author with some aspects of teaching supplements that are not usually found in a discussion of audio-visual aids, yet it was considered that such an item, for example, as "color" or "group size" should be regarded as a device that a teacher must consider, choose and try to use for the best instructional results. In summary it can be said that in this review of the research pertaining to the use of instructional devices in adult education it was found that their proper use can improve the effectiveness of most teaching situations. / Education, Faculty of / Graduate

Podcasts sind in den vergangenen Jahren zunehmend in den Fokus der Mediennutzung der Konsumenten und damit auch in jenen des Marketings gerückt. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit soll daher erörtert werden, ob Podcasts ein geeignetes Kommunikationsinstrument im Verlagsmarketing deutscher Publikumsverlage darstellen und was beim Einsatz zu beachten ist. Konzeptionelle Grundlage ist ein Stufenmodell der Kommunikation, anhand dessen die Eignung des Podcasts zunächst zu Informationsübermittlung, anschließend zur Beeinflussung der Kundeneinstellung und schließlich zur Anregung eines Kaufwunsches analysiert wird. Die weiteren Betrachtungen umfassen betriebswirtschaftliche und marketingorientierte Modelle, die Auswertung aktueller Studien, Fallstudien und ein Experteninterview, um abschließend begründete Aussagen auf Basis von Theorie und Empirie treffen zu können. Als Ergebnis der Arbeit wird festgehalten, dass Podcasts effiziente und flexible Instrumente im Verlagsmarketing darstellen, da sie Informationen zielgruppengerecht übermitteln sowie Konsumenten überzeugen und zum Kauf anregen können. Dabei weisen sie einen niedrigen Produktionsaufwand auf. Grundlegend beim Einsatz ist die Wahrung der Authentizität und die Erzeugung eines Alleinstellungsmerkmals, Regelmäßigkeit und Kontinuität beim Hochladen der Podcast-Folgen und die konsequente Einbindung in die Dialog- und Netzwerkkommunikation des Verlags. Diese Empfehlungen werden durch die fehlende Messbarkeit im Rahmen der Erfolgskontrolle eingeschränkt. Weiterhin müssen Verlage die vorliegenden Analyseergebnisse stehts vor dem Hintergrund der eigenen Positionierung anpassen und einsetzen.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 2 Kommunikationsmodell als konzeptionelle Basis 3 Verlagsmarketing 3.1 Definition 3.2 Ziele des Verlagsmarketings 3.3 Instrumente des Verlagsmarketing 4 Podcast als Audiomedium 4.1 Definition und Funktion 4.1.1 Funktion im Verlagsmarketing 4.1.2 Funktion bei den Hörern 4.2 Marktanalyse des deutschen Podcast-Markts 4.2.1 Marktstrukturanalyse 4.2.2 Wettbewerber/Produkte in der Verlagsbranche 4.2.3 Konsumenten 5 Ausgewählte Megatrends im Kontext der Podcast-Rezeption 5.1 Digitalisierung und Konnektivität 5.2 Medienrezeption und -konkurrenz 6 Experteninterview 6.1 Methodische Grundlagen 6.2 Auswertung des Interviews 7 Podcasts im Verlagsmarketing 7.1 Podcasts zur Informationsübermittlung 7.2 Podcasts zur Beeinflussung der Kundeneinstellung 7.3 Podcasts zur Anregung eines Kaufwunsches bzw.- Kaufhandlung 8 Auswertung und Konsequenzen für das Verlagsmarketing 9 Bibliografie Forschungsliteratur Internetquellen Sonstige Quellen Anhang

Audio-visual education is a rapidly developing area of education in California. This tremendous growth would in itself preclude using criteria for evaluating audio-visual services which did not adjust to the growth of the program. The problem of this thesis is the result of this changing situation. Are the criteria that evolved during the years 1947-50 and used by officials of the California State Department of Education for evaluating audio-visual services at the county level a satisfactory measure of the county audio-visual services required by today’s demands?

The aim of the study was to investigate whether South African free to air television and radio broadcast audio contains loudness fluctuations that fall outside previously determined limits of listener comfort. This is a relevant aim as consumers often complain about loudness fluctuations in broadcast audio (e.g. “why are the commercials so loud?”). Loudness is an inherently subjective phenomenon that is not only subject to differences in human perception from day to day, but also more specifically by the frequency content, localisation, spatialisation and duration of the audio stimulus. Traditional audio level meters only measure the audio signal or digital samples, and do not take any of these psychoacoustic phenomena into consideration. Broadcast audio has traditionally been regulated by specifying the permitted maximum level (PML) of the signal to avoid overloading the transmitter or over- modulation the broadcast signals. While this is necessary to keep the transmission inside the technical dynamic range of the medium, it does not correspond to the perceived loudness of these signals. With the addition of power dynamic range processing techniques, content producers and broadcasters were now able to raise the average level (and correspondingly the perceived loudness) without affecting the permitted maximum level or the peak level of the signal. Broadcasts were still compliant, but subjectively louder. As this process has not been done uniformly across various stations, and various types of audio, fluctuations occur both between stations, and between different segments on the same station. These fluctuations are the cause of listener complaints. There has been a move in international regulators and broadcasters to make a paradigm shift from peak normalisation to loudness normalisation of broadcast audio content. Limited, to no adoption, of this new paradigm in South African broadcasting is evident. This study provides baseline data of the status quo of South African free to air broadcast audio to investigate whether it contains problematic fluctuations, and therefore whether a move from peak to loudness normalisation could possibly have a positive effect. The study found that generally radio broadcasts suffered from greater and more problematic loudness fluctuations compared to television. Televisions broadcasts differed enough from station to station to cause inter-station loudness fluctuations outside previously determined limits for listener comfort, but not intra-station fluctuations. SABC 2 was found to be the loudest and SABC 3 the softest at this particular testing high-site. Radio broadcasts contained a large proportion of inter-station fluctuations, and while it varied considerably from station to station, each station contains some proportion of intra-station fluctuations. Advertisements were found not to be the loudness programme segment type. It was found that the following segments types were generally the softest to the loudest: talking, advertisements, links (interstitials) and music. Ikwekwezi FM was found to be the loudest station by far, with Lotus FM the softest, with a very wide difference of 13.7LU between their integrated station loudness values. The vast majority of broadcast audio was found to have a loudness range appropriate to the intended platform, but perhaps limited to the range appropriate the lowest common denominator, resulting in signals with high to extreme levels of dynamic compression and peak limiting. The study also provided much greater levels of detail of the nature and extent of all loudness fluctuations, especially for radio loudness data. Additionally, ‘zap testing’ methodology was tested to simulate real-life inter-station fluctuation scenarios, and also found to be an efficient method for extrapolating overall station loudness for a larger set of stations. Finally, the study recommends the paradigm shift from peak to loudness normalisation for all audio content producers and distributors in the country, and suggests the EBU R 128 recommendation as the most viable starting point. / Mini Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Music / Unrestricted

Audio-visual methods of teaching are by far the oldest means of instruction in the world, and for many purposes are still the most effective. Before man could talk or write, his learning took place through direct experiencing. Primitive man learned to convey his thoughts by signs, facial expressions, and crude imitations long before he developed a vocabulary with which to express them orally. Often he drew upon the sand of the seashore, or arranged stones in a certain order, or made sketches on the wall of the caves, or used one of a dozen different ways of conveying ideas by an appeal to the senses. Boys were taught to fish and hunt and girls to cook through imitations, observations, and participation. Later came picture writing, and centuries later, the many forms of the alphabets which found their way onto clay tablets. / Typescript. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-40).

"The purpose of this study is an attempt to determine what institutions of higher learning, both negro and white, have audio-visual programs in the State of Florida. It will attempt to show, furthermore, how the audio-visual programs are organized, administered, and what services are offered to the students, to the faculty, and to other institutions. Also, it includes what type of instruction is given to teachers in training and in service. It is hoped that by doing a study of this kind it not only will be of value to anyone who might be interested in what the institutions of higher learning in Florida are doing in their audio-visual programs, but also will be of assistance in organizing and developing other audio-visual programs, as well as evaluating or re-evaluating the present program"--Introduction. / Typescript. / "May, 1954." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts." / Advisor: Otis McBride, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-55).