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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The perceptual basis of meaning acquisition: Auditory associative word learning and the effect of object modality on word learning in infancy and adulthood

Cosper, Samuel H. 19 November 2020 (has links)
The world in which we live is filled with sensory experiences. Language provides us with a manner in which to communicate these experiences with one another. In order to partake in this communication, it is necessary to acquire labels for things we see, hear, feel, smell, and taste. Much is known about how we learn words for things we can see, but this bias in the literature leaves many open questions about words attributed to other modalities. This cumulative dissertation aims to close this gap by investigating how both 10- to-12-month old infants and adults map novel pseudowords onto environmental sounds in an auditory associative word learning task with the aim to explore how humans learn words for things that cannot be seen, such as thunder, siren, and, lullaby. Infants were found, via event-related potentials (ERPs), to be successful at auditory associative word learning, while adults are much stronger learners in multimodal audio-visual conditions. Across the lifespan, sensory modality was found to affect word learning differently in infants than in adults. Where infants benefitted from unimodal auditory word learning, adults were more successful in multimodal audiovisual paradigms. Furthermore, the modality of the object being labelled modulated the temporal onset and the topological distribution of the N400 ERP component of violated lexical-semantic expectation. Lastly, the temporal congruency of presented stimuli affected word learning in adults in an inverted manner to other forms of statistical learning. Word learning is sensitive to age, modality, and means of presentation, providing evidence for various intertwined learning mechanisms and bringing us a step closer towards understanding human linguistic cognition.
2

Utilisation de la modalité auditive dans un dispositif embarqué de biofeedback utilisé dans le contexte de la marche pathologique / Using the auditory mode in an embedded biofeedback device used in the context of pathological gait

Gutierrez, Olivier 17 June 2016 (has links)
Les systèmes de biofeedback sont encore développés de façon ad 'hoc de nos jours. Aucun modèle ou cadre conceptuel n'existe qui regroupe et synthétise l'ensemble des découvertes réalisées, cela rendant difficile, voire impossible la comparaison d'un système à un autre pas plus que la réutilisation d'une ou plusieurs parties. Peu de dispositifs impliquent l'utilisateur dès les premières étapes de la conception. Il est pourtant partie prenante, dans ses attentes envers le système et dans la prise en compte de ses capacités physiologiques ou cognitives. L'information qui lui est restituée aura un impact certain, tant sur son engagement personnel dans le processus de rééducation que dans sa motivation à le mener jusqu'à son terme. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de ces travaux de thèse est de faire un apport dans la conception et le développement des dispositifs de biofeedback, en adoptant une approche qui considère le patient avant tout comme l'utilisateur d'un système et en le plaçant au centre la boucle de biofeedback. Après deux revues de littérature sur les systèmes de biofeedback et sur l'utilisation de la modalité audio, nous présentons notre première contribution : le cadre de conception de systèmes de biofeedback centré utilisateur qui synthétise les meilleures pratiques de la littérature à travers une terminologie commune. Il met en évidence les principaux composants qui interviennent dans la boucle de biofeedback : les capteurs, les données, les traitements de bas niveau, la fusion multi capteurs, l'exploitation de haut niveau et enfin le rendu. Nous complétons ce cadre conceptuel par ce que nous considérons comme un point fondamental : la chaîne d'influence. Elle permet de définir ce qui a trait à l'étude des systèmes de biofeedback, mais aide aussi à préciser clairement les buts des parties prenantes que sont le praticien et l'utilisateur, les capacités de ce dernier et enfin le contexte d'utilisation. Les contributions suivantes mettent l'accent sur l'information présentée en retour à l'utilisateur : le rendu. Une première expérimentation évalue les niveaux sonores discriminables par les utilisateurs sans apprentissage. La seconde compare différentes techniques décrivant l'évolution des pressions plantaires dans le cadre de la marche afin d'évaluer la technique la plus à même de permettre aux utilisateurs de discriminer une marche pathologique d'une marche saine. Nous présentons enfin les outils d'exploration sonore que nous avons conçus et développés, complétés par un émulateur de dispositif de pressions plantaires. / Biofeedback devices are still ad 'hoc developing nowadays. No model or conceptual framework exists which gathers and summarizes all the discoveries, making it difficult or impossible to compare one system to another nor reuse of one or more element. Few devices involve the user in the early stages of design. However, he is involved in its expectations of the system and in consideration of its physiological and cognitive abilities. The information that is returned to him will have an impact on both his personal commitment to the rehabilitation process in its motivation to carry on to completion. In this context, the purpose of this thesis work is to make a contribution in the design and development of biofeedback devices, adopting an approach that considers the patient foremost as the system's user and placing him in the centre of the biofeedback loop. Following two literature reviews on biofeedback systems and the use of the auditory modality, we present our first contribution: a user centered biofeedback system design framework that synthesizes the best practices of literature through a common terminology. It highlights the main components involved in the biofeedback loop: sensors, data, low-level processing, multi-sensor fusion, high-level operation and finally rendering. We complete this framework by what we see as a fundamental point: the chain of influence. It relates to the study of biofeedback systems, but also helps to clearly define the goals of the stakeholders that are the practitioner and the user. It cares for the capabilities of the latter and finally the context of use. The following contributions focus on the information presented back to the user: the rendering. A first experiment evaluates discriminable sound levels by users without learning. The second compares different techniques describing the evolution of plantar pressure within walking to assess the most likely way to allow users to distinguish a pathological walking of healthy walking. Finally, we present the sound exploration tools we have designed and developed, complemented by a plantar pressure device emulator.

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