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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Automatic Document Classification Applied to Swedish News

Blein, Florent January 2005 (has links)
<p>The first part of this paper presents briefly the ELIN[1] system, an electronic newspaper project. ELIN is a framework that stores news and displays them to the end-user. Such news are formatted using the xml[2] format. The project partner Corren[3] provided ELIN with xml articles, however the format used was not the same. My first task has been to develop a software that converts the news from one xml format (Corren) to another (ELIN).</p><p>The second and main part addresses the problem of automatic document classification and tries to find a solution for a specific issue. The goal is to automatically classify news articles from a Swedish newspaper company (Corren) into the IPTC[4] news categories.</p><p>This work has been carried out by implementing several classification algorithms, testing them and comparing their accuracy with existing software. The training and test documents were 3 weeks of the Corren newspaper that had to be classified into 2 categories.</p><p>The last tests were run with only one algorithm (Naïve Bayes) over a larger amount of data (7, then 10 weeks) and categories (12) to simulate a more real environment.</p><p>The results show that the Naïve Bayes algorithm, although the oldest, was the most accurate in this particular case. An issue raised by the results is that feature selection improves speed but can seldom reduce accuracy by removing too many features.</p>
2

Automatic Document Classification Applied to Swedish News

Blein, Florent January 2005 (has links)
The first part of this paper presents briefly the ELIN[1] system, an electronic newspaper project. ELIN is a framework that stores news and displays them to the end-user. Such news are formatted using the xml[2] format. The project partner Corren[3] provided ELIN with xml articles, however the format used was not the same. My first task has been to develop a software that converts the news from one xml format (Corren) to another (ELIN). The second and main part addresses the problem of automatic document classification and tries to find a solution for a specific issue. The goal is to automatically classify news articles from a Swedish newspaper company (Corren) into the IPTC[4] news categories. This work has been carried out by implementing several classification algorithms, testing them and comparing their accuracy with existing software. The training and test documents were 3 weeks of the Corren newspaper that had to be classified into 2 categories. The last tests were run with only one algorithm (Naïve Bayes) over a larger amount of data (7, then 10 weeks) and categories (12) to simulate a more real environment. The results show that the Naïve Bayes algorithm, although the oldest, was the most accurate in this particular case. An issue raised by the results is that feature selection improves speed but can seldom reduce accuracy by removing too many features.
3

Busca guiada de patentes de Bioinformática / Guided Search of Bioinformatics Patents

Dutra, Marcio Branquinho 17 October 2013 (has links)
As patentes são licenças públicas temporárias outorgadas pelo Estado e que garantem aos inventores e concessionários a exploração econômica de suas invenções. Escritórios de marcas e patentes recomendam aos interessados na concessão que, antes do pedido formal de uma patente, efetuem buscas em diversas bases de dados utilizando sistemas clássicos de busca de patentes e outras ferramentas de busca específicas, com o objetivo de certificar que a criação a ser depositada ainda não foi publicada, seja na sua área de origem ou em outras áreas. Pesquisas demonstram que a utilização de informações de classificação nas buscas por patentes melhoram a eficiência dos resultados das consultas. A pesquisa associada ao trabalho aqui reportado tem como objetivo explorar artefatos linguísticos, técnicas de Recuperação de Informação e técnicas de Classificação Textual para guiar a busca por patentes de Bioinformática. O resultado dessa investigação é o Sistema de Busca Guiada de Patentes de Bioinformática (BPS), o qual utiliza um classificador automático para guiar as buscas por patentes de Bioinformática. A utilização do BPS é demonstrada em comparações com ferramentas de busca de patentes atuais para uma coleção específica de patentes de Bioinformática. No futuro, deve-se experimentar o BPS em coleções diferentes e mais robustas. / Patents are temporary public licenses granted by the State to ensure to inventors and assignees economical exploration rights. Trademark and patent offices recommend to perform wide searches in different databases using classic patent search systems and specific tools before a patent\'s application. The goal of these searches is to ensure the invention has not been published yet, either in its original field or in other fields. Researches have shown the use of classification information improves the efficiency on searches for patents. The objetive of the research related to this work is to explore linguistic artifacts, Information Retrieval techniques and Automatic Classification techniques, to guide searches for Bioinformatics patents. The result of this work is the Bioinformatics Patent Search System (BPS), that uses automatic classification to guide searches for Bioinformatics patents. The utility of BPS is illustrated by a comparison with other patent search tools. In the future, BPS system must be experimented with more robust collections.
4

Classificação automática de texto por meio de similaridade de palavras: um algoritmo mais eficiente. / Automatic text classification using word similarities: a more efficient algorithm.

Catae, Fabricio Shigueru 08 January 2013 (has links)
A análise da semântica latente é uma técnica de processamento de linguagem natural, que busca simplificar a tarefa de encontrar palavras e sentenças por similaridade. Através da representação de texto em um espaço multidimensional, selecionam-se os valores mais significativos para sua reconstrução em uma dimensão reduzida. Essa simplificação lhe confere a capacidade de generalizar modelos, movendo as palavras e os textos para uma representação semântica. Dessa forma, essa técnica identifica um conjunto de significados ou conceitos ocultos sem a necessidade do conhecimento prévio da gramática. O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar a dimensionalidade ideal do espaço semântico em uma tarefa de classificação de texto. A solução proposta corresponde a um algoritmo semi-supervisionado que, a partir de exemplos conhecidos, aplica o método de classificação pelo vizinho mais próximo e determina uma curva estimada da taxa de acerto. Como esse processamento é demorado, os vetores são projetados em um espaço no qual o cálculo se torna incremental. Devido à isometria dos espaços, a similaridade entre documentos se mantém equivalente. Esta proposta permite determinar a dimensão ideal do espaço semântico com pouco esforço além do tempo requerido pela análise da semântica latente tradicional. Os resultados mostraram ganhos significativos em adotar o número correto de dimensões. / The latent semantic analysis is a technique in natural language processing, which aims to simplify the task of finding words and sentences similarity. Using a vector space model for the text representation, it selects the most significant values for the space reconstruction into a smaller dimension. This simplification allows it to generalize models, moving words and texts towards a semantic representation. Thus, it identifies a set of underlying meanings or hidden concepts without prior knowledge of grammar. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal dimensionality of the semantic space in a text classification task. The proposed solution corresponds to a semi-supervised algorithm that applies the method of the nearest neighbor classification on known examples, and plots the estimated accuracy on a graph. Because it is a very time consuming process, the vectors are projected on a space in such a way the calculation becomes incremental. Since the spaces are isometric, the similarity between documents remains equivalent. This proposal determines the optimal dimension of the semantic space with little effort, not much beyond the time required by traditional latent semantic analysis. The results showed significant gains in adopting the correct number of dimensions.
5

Knowledge-enhanced text classification : descriptive modelling and new approaches

Martinez-Alvarez, Miguel January 2014 (has links)
The knowledge available to be exploited by text classification and information retrieval systems has significantly changed, both in nature and quantity, in the last years. Nowadays, there are several sources of information that can potentially improve the classification process, and systems should be able to adapt to incorporate multiple sources of available data in different formats. This fact is specially important in environments where the required information changes rapidly, and its utility may be contingent on timely implementation. For these reasons, the importance of adaptability and flexibility in information systems is rapidly growing. Current systems are usually developed for specific scenarios. As a result, significant engineering effort is needed to adapt them when new knowledge appears or there are changes in the information needs. This research investigates the usage of knowledge within text classification from two different perspectives. On one hand, the application of descriptive approaches for the seamless modelling of text classification, focusing on knowledge integration and complex data representation. The main goal is to achieve a scalable and efficient approach for rapid prototyping for Text Classification that can incorporate different sources and types of knowledge, and to minimise the gap between the mathematical definition and the modelling of a solution. On the other hand, the improvement of different steps of the classification process where knowledge exploitation has traditionally not been applied. In particular, this thesis introduces two classification sub-tasks, namely Semi-Automatic Text Classification (SATC) and Document Performance Prediction (DPP), and several methods to address them. SATC focuses on selecting the documents that are more likely to be wrongly assigned by the system to be manually classified, while automatically labelling the rest. Document performance prediction estimates the classification quality that will be achieved for a document, given a classifier. In addition, we also propose a family of evaluation metrics to measure degrees of misclassification, and an adaptive variation of k-NN.
6

Classificação automática de texto por meio de similaridade de palavras: um algoritmo mais eficiente. / Automatic text classification using word similarities: a more efficient algorithm.

Fabricio Shigueru Catae 08 January 2013 (has links)
A análise da semântica latente é uma técnica de processamento de linguagem natural, que busca simplificar a tarefa de encontrar palavras e sentenças por similaridade. Através da representação de texto em um espaço multidimensional, selecionam-se os valores mais significativos para sua reconstrução em uma dimensão reduzida. Essa simplificação lhe confere a capacidade de generalizar modelos, movendo as palavras e os textos para uma representação semântica. Dessa forma, essa técnica identifica um conjunto de significados ou conceitos ocultos sem a necessidade do conhecimento prévio da gramática. O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar a dimensionalidade ideal do espaço semântico em uma tarefa de classificação de texto. A solução proposta corresponde a um algoritmo semi-supervisionado que, a partir de exemplos conhecidos, aplica o método de classificação pelo vizinho mais próximo e determina uma curva estimada da taxa de acerto. Como esse processamento é demorado, os vetores são projetados em um espaço no qual o cálculo se torna incremental. Devido à isometria dos espaços, a similaridade entre documentos se mantém equivalente. Esta proposta permite determinar a dimensão ideal do espaço semântico com pouco esforço além do tempo requerido pela análise da semântica latente tradicional. Os resultados mostraram ganhos significativos em adotar o número correto de dimensões. / The latent semantic analysis is a technique in natural language processing, which aims to simplify the task of finding words and sentences similarity. Using a vector space model for the text representation, it selects the most significant values for the space reconstruction into a smaller dimension. This simplification allows it to generalize models, moving words and texts towards a semantic representation. Thus, it identifies a set of underlying meanings or hidden concepts without prior knowledge of grammar. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal dimensionality of the semantic space in a text classification task. The proposed solution corresponds to a semi-supervised algorithm that applies the method of the nearest neighbor classification on known examples, and plots the estimated accuracy on a graph. Because it is a very time consuming process, the vectors are projected on a space in such a way the calculation becomes incremental. Since the spaces are isometric, the similarity between documents remains equivalent. This proposal determines the optimal dimension of the semantic space with little effort, not much beyond the time required by traditional latent semantic analysis. The results showed significant gains in adopting the correct number of dimensions.
7

Busca guiada de patentes de Bioinformática / Guided Search of Bioinformatics Patents

Marcio Branquinho Dutra 17 October 2013 (has links)
As patentes são licenças públicas temporárias outorgadas pelo Estado e que garantem aos inventores e concessionários a exploração econômica de suas invenções. Escritórios de marcas e patentes recomendam aos interessados na concessão que, antes do pedido formal de uma patente, efetuem buscas em diversas bases de dados utilizando sistemas clássicos de busca de patentes e outras ferramentas de busca específicas, com o objetivo de certificar que a criação a ser depositada ainda não foi publicada, seja na sua área de origem ou em outras áreas. Pesquisas demonstram que a utilização de informações de classificação nas buscas por patentes melhoram a eficiência dos resultados das consultas. A pesquisa associada ao trabalho aqui reportado tem como objetivo explorar artefatos linguísticos, técnicas de Recuperação de Informação e técnicas de Classificação Textual para guiar a busca por patentes de Bioinformática. O resultado dessa investigação é o Sistema de Busca Guiada de Patentes de Bioinformática (BPS), o qual utiliza um classificador automático para guiar as buscas por patentes de Bioinformática. A utilização do BPS é demonstrada em comparações com ferramentas de busca de patentes atuais para uma coleção específica de patentes de Bioinformática. No futuro, deve-se experimentar o BPS em coleções diferentes e mais robustas. / Patents are temporary public licenses granted by the State to ensure to inventors and assignees economical exploration rights. Trademark and patent offices recommend to perform wide searches in different databases using classic patent search systems and specific tools before a patent\'s application. The goal of these searches is to ensure the invention has not been published yet, either in its original field or in other fields. Researches have shown the use of classification information improves the efficiency on searches for patents. The objetive of the research related to this work is to explore linguistic artifacts, Information Retrieval techniques and Automatic Classification techniques, to guide searches for Bioinformatics patents. The result of this work is the Bioinformatics Patent Search System (BPS), that uses automatic classification to guide searches for Bioinformatics patents. The utility of BPS is illustrated by a comparison with other patent search tools. In the future, BPS system must be experimented with more robust collections.

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