Safety is of paramount importance to manufacturers of roadway vehicles. Although in the past few years much progress has been made in the field of passenger safety in cars, there is still a strong need for the design of a more crashworthy vehicle in a frontal collision. Therefore, a vehicle crash test performance and how well the vehicle protects the front seat passengers in a head-on-collision is an essential part of the design of the vehicle. Over the past twelve years, the modeling of components and crash analysis of entire vehicles have become increasingly significant. In this thesis, a Ford Taurus model is analyzed in a frontal full-width and offset impact. This thesis describes the comparison of structural damage on a vehicle colliding with rigid pole as compared to the same vehicle model colliding with a barrier. The reason for selecting a rigid pole was to consider the worst-case scenario. The NHTSA has rules and regulations for barrier crashes; however it does not have any standards for pole crashes. In reality, there are many pole related vehicle crashes every year. Pole crashes involve vehicles colliding with utility and traffic light poles. Our purpose was to study the intrusion and injury values for the pole test and compare it with the barrier testing method of NHTSA. These simulations are carried under the New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) and the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). The simulations are obtained using LS-DYNA3D crash code. The rigid barrier, deformable barrier and pole are modeled in MSC/PATRAN. The accelerations at various points are recorded. The occupant compartment intrusions are compared between pole and barrier. Finally the responses of an occupant for the crash tests are studied in Mathematical Dynamical Models (MADYMO) by placing the dummy inside the dyna model. The dummy is placed in the car using extended coupling. A hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy model is used to study the occupant responses. The finite element shoulder and lap belts are modeled in MADYMO. The head accelerations are plotted and the HIC values are calculated. For the crash test the occupant foot injury during compartment intrusion is evaluated by calculating the tibia index and tibia forces. The barrier and the pole test results are compared and the results showed that the intrusions and injury values are more severe in the case of pole impact and in off-set crash there is a severe leg injury. / Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. / "December 2005."

An experimental study was carried out to identify effective advisory and alarm stimuli to be used in a drowsy driver detection system. The envisioned system has three stages. In the first stage, previously developed detection algorithms would compute online drowsiness levels. If a driver's drowsiness level exceeds a predetermined threshold the system would proceed to stage two. At this point an initial advisory tone and a voice message would be played. If the driver does not respond, he or she would experience a realerting alarm. The third stage of the system would give the driver an option of using a drowsiness countermeasure to help maintain the re-alerted state. The goal of the present research was to determine the effectiveness of possible stimuli to be used in the second and third stages of the envisioned system. Eight initial advisory tones, two voice messages, eight alarm sounds, and five peripheral stimuli were investigated as part of stage two. In addition, six drowsiness countermeasures to be used in stage three were investigated. Eight graduate students in the Human Factors Engineering program at Virginia Tech volunteered as subjects. Subjects drove the automobile simulator throughout the experimental session. Data were collected using subjective opinion, paired comparisons, and effectiveness ratings. This study succeeded in answering many question regarding stimuli to be used in a drowsy driver detection, advising, and alerting system. The results of the study indicated very effective stimuli to be used in the advising and alerting stages of the envisioned system. / Master of Science

Orientador: Antonio Celso Fonseca de Arruda / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T06:36:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Romaro_Marcus_M.pdf: 13800780 bytes, checksum: 9ec67eb144977ff59bcb146d44c11231 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Numa reportagem exibida num jornal televisivo em horário nobre há alguns anos atrás, foram apresentados os cintos de segurança infantis como a 'grande solução' para o transporte de crianças em automóveis em substituição às cadeiras de criança, para aqueles pais que alegam não conseguirem com que seus filhos fiquem nelas sentados durante a rodagem do veículo. Além do baixo custo, de suas dimensões reduzidas e da maior facilidade na instalação em relação às cadeirinhas, o grande apelo deste dispositivo é o de que possibilita uma grande liberdade de movimento às crianças, permitindo que se ajoelhem e até mesmo deitem no veículo. Devido à possibilidade de falha deste equipamento, uma vez que o mesmo fere o conceito de 'retenção' pelo qual foram desenvolvidos os cintos de segurança e as próprias cadeirinhas, foi necessário verificar a eficácia deste tipo de dispositivo em condições de impacto veicular. Tomando-se como base à norma brasileira NBR 144001 da ABNT (Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas), foram realizados testes dinâmicos de impacto frontal com alguns tipos de cintos de segurança infantis, cujas rupturas observadas nos testes comprovaram que estes dispositivos não garantem a necessária proteção à criança em caso de acidentes de trânsito reais / Abstract: Watching a TV News in some years ago, it was shown the child seat belt as the 'great solution' for that parents who don't get their children remained seated on the child seat during driving the vehicle. That device allow a free movement for the children (is it possible to kneel and/or lie on the rear seat), it's a little bit cheep and with smaler dimensions as weel, when compared with the child seat. As this child seat belt didn't improve a necessary 'retention', concept which was developed the seat belts and the child restraint system as whell, it was necessary check the efficient of these child seat belts at vehicle impact conditions. In this way, some child seat belts were tested as according to NBR 14400 standard ('Road Vehicles - Child Restraint System - Safety Requirements '), which rupture observed at the frontal impact tests showed that kind of device does not give the necessary protection for the children at the real traffic accidents / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

The purpose of this thesis is to make a survey of the growth and development of safety. Safety-consciousness in the individual may be developed by determining the educational contributions that have been made in the field of safety by industrial and social organizations.

Orientadores: Antonio Celso Fonseca de Arruda, Paulo Roberto Gardel Kurka / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T02:53:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge_AlexandreFonseca_M.pdf: 2455128 bytes, checksum: 714a30d7c2214aa6edc9a048f74aa56d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Um dispositivo de retenção infantil, a ser certificado pela norma NBR14400, tem como um dos principais requisitos atingir determinados níveis de performance em ensaios de impacto. Durante seu desenvolvimento, o dispositivo deve ser submetido a esse teste várias vezes, até ser aprovado, o que envolve altos custos. Este estudo propõe um teste de impacto simplificado, não para substituir o teste de certificação, mas na condição de teste de desenvolvimento preliminar e eliminatório. O principal equipamento envolvido, neste estudo, é o boneco de testes, que possui simplificações tanto na parte biomecânica quanto na parte de instrumentação. Como vantagem, quando comparado ao boneco instrumentado completo, seu custo é significativamente menor. Neste trabalho são apresentadas as condições de contorno envolvidas no projeto, na construção e no uso desse boneco. Adicionalmente, são reportados os resultados comparativos dos ensaios de impacto entre o boneco construído e o instrumentado completo Hybrid III. Tais resultados validam a proposta do projeto / Abstract: A child restraint system, to be certified to NBR 14400 standard, has as one of its main requirements, to reach specific performance levels under impact tests. During its development, the device has to undergo several times such tests, which are expensive, until approval. This study proposes a simplified impact test, not to replace the certification test, but as a preliminary and eliminatory test. The main equipment involved in this study is the test dummy, which has simplifications both on biomechanical and instrumentation aspects. As an advantage, when compared to a complete instrumented dummy, it has a considerably lower cost. In this work, the guiding conditions involved in the project, construction and use of that dummy are presented. Also, the results of comparative impact testes between the projected dummy and the complete instrumented dummy Hybrid III are reported. Such results validate the proposal of the project / Mestrado / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica