Sammanfattning Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa patienters syn på sin omvårdnad avseende integritet och värdighet vid sjukhusvistelse. Designen var en deskriptiv litteraturstudie och artiklar hämtades från databaserna Academic Search Elite, Cinahl och Medline via PubMed. Resultatet i denna studie visar att omgivning och arkitektoniska miljöer är framtonande orsaker till patienters negativa upplevelser i vården. Kommunikativa svårigheter och utebliven information om medicinska åtgärder och undersökningar, tillsammans med personalens bemötande och beteende, gör att patienters integritet och värdighet åsidosätts. Vårdtagarna vill känna delaktighet i sin vård och få information om sin situation vilket stärker känslan av att de behandlas med respekt från vårdpersonalens sida. Etiska kränkningar av patienters integritet och värdighet, under sjukhusvistelse, är i stort beroende av vårdpersonalens agerande vid vårdsituationer där patienter blottas eller utsätts för undersökningar utan tillräckligt skydd runt patienten. Slutsatsen för studien visar att mer informerande utbildning om integritet och värdighet behövs i vården tillsammans med ytterligare explorativ forskning i ämnet. / Abstract The aim of this study was to illuminate patients' views on their care for privacy and dignity due to their stay at a hospital. The design was a descriptive literature review and the articles were retrieved from the databases Academic Search Elite, Cinahl and Medline via PubMed. The result of this study shows that environment and architectural surroundings causes negative experiences for patients' in care. Communication difficulties and lack of information about medical procedures and examinations, along with staff's attitude and behavior, makes the patients' privacy and dignity disregarded. Health care consumers want to feel involved in their care and get information about their situation, which strengthens the feeling that they are treated with respect from medical personnel. Ethical violations of patient privacy and dignity during the hospital stay, is largely dependent on health professionals' conduct in the care setting where patients are exposed or subjected to investigations without adequate environmental protection around the patient. The conclusion of the study shows that more informative education is needed in health care concerning privacy and dignity together with further exploratory research on the subject.

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Includes bibliographical references: leaves 255-277 / Self-leadership has emerged as a leadership style that can be utilised to achieve successful performance for the individual and the organisation, prompting the question: What can be done to facilitate self-leadership within nurse educators in nursing education institutions? The purpose of this exploratory, descriptive sequential mixed-methods study was to understand the self-leadership within nurse educators in order to develop guidelines that could facilitate their self-leadership. The integrative literature review, qualitative and quantitative data were integrated and used to develop and validate guidelines that could facilitate self-leadership in nurse educators. Phase 1 (subphase 1) consisted of an integrative literature review that explored and described the concept of self-leadership in nurse educators. In Phase 1 (subphase 2), semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with purposively selected nurse educators from three sampling units, namely a private nursing school, nursing college and university-based nursing departments in two of the nine provinces in South Africa to explore the nurse educators’ perception of their self-leadership, and how self-leadership could be facilitated in a nursing education institution. Phase 2 of the study entailed developing a structured questionnaire based on the findings of Phase 1. In Phase 2, quantitative data were collected from nurse educators appointed at the remaining nursing education institutions in the two provinces which were not selected for the qualitative phase of the study. This phase was aimed at determining and describing the nurse educators’ (n=265) perceptions on their self-leadership practices in a nursing education institution, using a selfadministered questionnaire. For the integrative literature review, the method of data analysis as outlined by Miles and Huberman was used (Whittemore & Knafl 2005:550– 552). The qualitative data were analysed according to Tesch’s protocol of data analysis. The themes that emerged were perceptions of self-leadership in nurse educators; engagement in self-leadership activities; motivational factors in self-leadership; and facilitation of self-leadership in nurse educators. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistical methods (SPSS version 25). The participants gave their perceptions on 11 composite constructs. Nurse educators agreed the most on natural reward, intrinsic motivation, role modelling and shared leadership but agreed less with management support and positive self-talk. To establish rigour, the researcher utilised diverse empirical and theoretical sources as data sources, and applied strategies to ensure trustworthiness and performed validity and reliability tests. The findings of both Phase 1 and 2 were integrated to develop and validate guidelines to facilitate the self-leadership in nurse educators. Twelve guidelines were developed and were validated by field experts. The guidelines propose recommendations for nurse educators and the management of the nursing education institution, as well as other associated stakeholders such as SANC and government. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)