The effect of neonatal testosterone propionate (TP) (100 ug/day for the first 5 days of life or 1.25 mg. on day 1 of birth) injections on the acquisition of both active and passive avoidance was studied. Testing was initiated during both the prepubescent and adult periods of life. Neonatal TP injections facilitated the acquisition of active avoidance responding prior to puberty and also in adulthood. Neonatal TP injections had no effect on passive avoidance responding. A number of physiological (body, gonadal and adrenal weights) and behavioural (activity, shock sensitivity) measures were also studied to investigate their possible role in influencing our results. The TP injections led to significantly lower gonadal weights in the TP-injected group. Prior to puberty the TP-injected animals also possessed heavier adrenal glands, and were more active than the control group. The TP-injected group also had lower shock thresholds than the control group. The results suggest that excess neonatal TP injections affect an organism's ability to acquire an active avoidance response. The exact mechanism by which TP injections have their effect is unknown at this time. Future research would help to clarify whether the effect of excess neonatal TP is directly on the associative process or indirectly through a number of other factors, investigated in this article. Paradoxically, increased activity would be expected to interfere with the acquisition of passive avoidance behaviour, but this did not prove to be the case as TP injected animals acquired this response just as well or slightly better than controls. The observed differences between groups on shock reactivity measures suggest another plausible explanation of the results. Neonatal TP injections could facilitate acquisition of an active avoidance response by increasing sensitivity to the motivational stimulus. This possibility becomes even more tenable when we consider that other investigators have found a positive correlation between shock sensitivity and learning an active avoidance response (Beatty et. al. 1970, Pare, 1969). Specifically, these investigators have found that females acquire an active avoidance response faster than males and also have lower reactivity thresholds to footshock than males. Our finding of lowered shock sensitivity following neonatal TP injections would appear to parallel these observations and suggests shock sensitivity may be making an important contribution to the active avoidance data. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (B.A. (Hons.)) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Psychology, 1971.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1971. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

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The Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is a key improving the reliability and quality of production. During operation, however, collision between the CMM, probe system, and parts may result in costly damage. Avoiding potential collisions is always an important issue for CMM inspection. This thesis reports design and implementation of an online collision detection system for CMMs. Compared to previous offline collision detection implementations, the new online collision detection system can react to potential collision situations in real time. The collision avoidance system architecture and algorithms are described in this thesis. Each possible CMM translation and probe rotation case is considered. Every component in this system is connected by certain communication protocol and distributed on different computers according to the requirements of applications. This design brings more flexibility to this system. The system components for inspection path planning, collision detection, and CMM motion control are distributed to separate computers, with a TCP/IP based protocol used for communication. This modular, component based design provides more flexibility. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Tax avoidance has been a concern to revenue authorities throughout the ages, and revenue authorities worldwide are engaged in a constant struggle to ensure taxpayer compliance while combating tax avoidance. South Africa is no exception to this struggle and the increasingly innovative ways in which taxpayers seek to minimise their tax burdens necessitate amendments in order to remain at the forefront of taxpayer compliance. In view of the above, the general anti-avoidance rules (GAAR) have been amended numerous times to address weaknesses. The most recent of these amendments are those of 1996 and 2006. The research on GAAR in South Africa has focused on critical analyses once the legislation fails to stand up to the rigours of court, and has thus used the principle of hindsight to criticise GAAR and recommend improvements. However, in their current form (post-2006 amendments) the GAAR have not been presented before the courts, and thus the use of hindsight is not an appropriate tool to determine if the current GAAR regime has improved upon the weaknesses identified in the past. This study applied a qualitative case study approach to determine if the 2006 amendments to GAAR have in fact addressed these weaknesses. The current GAAR regime was applied to previous cases to determine if the unfavourable judgments for the Commissioner would now be considered favourable. In executing this process, an instrument was developed in phase 1 of the literature study to apply the new GAAR to the cases. In the second phase of the study this framework was applied to case law in which the previous GAAR regimes failed to stand up to the rigours of court, thus determining whether the 2006 amendments to GAAR addressed the weaknesses of the previous GAAR regime. The final phase of the study consisted of a literature control to determine if similar such conclusions have been made by other commentators to support the findings of the study. The findings of the case studies revealed that, on a balance of probabilities, none of the cases selected for analysis would have been held in favour of the Commissioner if they were brought to the courts today on the same grounds that they were attacked at the time and the courts used the instrument developed in phase 1 to apply the GAAR to these transactions. The study therefore indicates that the use of similar (often identical) wording of the purpose test as in the previous GAAR, as well as the use of the purpose test in conjunction with the amended abnormality test still result in a GAAR regime that may be an ineffective deterrent to tax avoidance. / Thesis (M.Com. (South African and International Taxation))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.