Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1951. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-44).

Thesis (MScIng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 25, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Mass selective axial ejection of ions and mass analysis with a stability island with linear quadrupoles with added octopole fields are described. With mass selective axial ejection, quadrupoles with 2.0% and 2.6% added octopole fields have been tested and compared to a conventional quadrupole. The effects of trapping ions at different q values, excitation voltage, scan direction, balanced and unbalanced rf voltages on the rods, and dc applied between the rods have been investigated. The highest scan speeds and highest resolution are obtained with resonant excitation and ejection at high q (q = 0.8). With axial ejection, the quadrupole with a 2.0% added octopole field provides mass resolution and ejection efficiencies similar to a conventional rod set. Quadrupole, dipole and simultaneous dipole-dipole excitation between the x and y rod pairs were compared and no advantage was found with quadrupole or dipole-dipole excitation. The effects of scan speed were investigated and a resolution at half height of about 1600 is possible at scan speeds up to 5000 Th/s. Mass analysis using islands of stability was investigated with a quadrupole with 2.0% added octopole field. The island of stability is formed with auxiliary excitation. The experiments confirm the predictions of the simulations. With the resolving dc applied to the quadrupole so that the Mathieu parameter a>0, conventional mass analysis with applied rf and dc and no auxiliary excitation is possible. In this case use of an island of stability yields similar peak shape and resolution. However with the polarity of the resolving dc reversed so that a<0, only very low resolution can be obtained; the added octopole prevents conventional mass analysis. By using a stability island when a<0, the resolution is substantially improved. / Science, Faculty of / Chemistry, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

Pathological phenomena often change the mechanical properties of the tissue. Therefore, estimation of tissue mechanical properties can be of clinical importance. Ultrasound elastography is a well-established strain estimation technique. Until recently, mainly 1D elastography algorithms have been developed. A few 2D algorithms have also been developed in the past. Both of these two types of technique ignore the tissue motion in the elevational direction, which could be a significant source of decorrelation in the RF data. In this thesis, a 3D elastography algorithm that estimates all the three components of tissue displacement is implemented and tested statistically. In this research, displacement fields of mechanical models are simulated. RF signals are then generated based on these displacement fields and used as the input of elastography algorithms. To evaluate the image quality of elastograms, absolute error, SNRe, CNRe and CNRasse are computed. The SNRe, CNRe and CNRasse values are investigated not only under different strain conditions, but also in different frame locations, which forms 3D strain filters. A statistical comparison between image qualities of the 3D technique and 2D technique is also provided. The results of this study show that the 3D elastography algorithm outperforms the 2D elastography algorithm in terms of image quality and robustness, especially under high strain conditions. This is because that the 3D algorithm estimates the elevational displacement, while the 2D technique only estimates the axial and lateral deformation. Since the elevational displacement could be an important source for the decorrelation in the RF data, the 3D technique is more effective and robust compared with the 2D technique.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2009. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

[pt] Os elementos combustíveis de reatores nuclear são geralmente constituídos por feixes de barras contendo as pastilhas de combustível montadas em arranjos de geometria triangular ou quadrada, através dos quais o fluido refrigerante escoa axialmente. O projeto térmico desses elementos só pode ser efetuado se informações sobre o processo de retirada de calor pelo fluido refrigerante são disponíveis, o que exige uma descrição detalhada do campo de velocidades do escoamento. No presente trabalho são utilizados um modelo de turbulência de zero equações e uma lei da parede para transferência de energia na obtenção dos campos de velocidades e temperaturas do escoamento, e também das distribuições angulares da tensão cisalhante e do Número de Nusselt na parede de um subcanal típico de elemntos combustíveis nucleares, para escoamentos turbulentos, em regime permanente, totalmente desenvolvidos, de fluidos, incompressíveis e assumindo propriedades independentes da temperatura com escoamentos axiais através de arranjos triangulares de barras com diferentes razoes de aspectos (P/D) e diferentes Números e Reynolds (Re). Os resultados são comparados com resultados experimentais de outros autores, obtidos da literatura, e apresentam boa concordância. / [en] Nuclear fuel elements generally consists of cladding rods containing the fuel pellets, with the coolant flowing axially through them. The thermal design of such elements only can be carried out if information about the heat transfer process to the coolant be avaiable, wich demmands a detailed description of the velocity field of flow. In the present work a zero equation model of turbulence and a wall law to energy transfer are applied to compute the velocity and temperature fields, and also the angular distribution of local wall sheat stress and nusselt number in the wall of a typical subchannel of nuclear fuel elements, for turbulents and fully developed flows,steady state, with incompressible, temperature independent fluids, flowing axially through triangular arrays of rods in differents aspect rations (P/D) and Reynods number (Re). The results are compared with experimental data of others authors, obtained from literature and show agreement.

Les fondations profondes sont largement utilisées et peuvent subir différent types de sollicitations axiales. Ces dernières peuvent avoir un caractère monotone ou cyclique. Le développement de méthodes de calcul pour prévoir le comportement des pieux sous ces deux types de chargements en termes de tassement et d’évolution de capacité portante, est d’une grande utilité pour l’ingénierie géotechnique. Le travail de cette thèse est une contribution à une meilleure prévision du comportement des pieux sous charges axiales monotones et cycliques. La thèse comporte deux parties principales. La première partie traite la problématique de la prévision du tassement d’un pieu sous charge axiale monotone. Un intérêt particulier est porté aux tassements car le dimensionnement d’un pieu requiert une estimation adéquate à la fois de la capacité portante et du déplacement en tête de pieu. La méthode utilisée dans cette partie est celle des courbes de transfert. L’étude commence tout d’abord par une analyse statistique du modèle habituellement utilisé pour le calcul de tassement nommé Frank et Zhao. Ensuite, deux nouveaux modèles de calcul de tassement sont proposés et analysés. Une analyse comparative entre les trois modèles de calcul de déplacement d’un pieu est réalisée dans cette étude. L’objectif de cette analyse est d’estimer la dispersion des modèles de calcul en comparant les tassements calculés aux tassements mesurés et répertoriés dans la base de données de l’IFSTTAR. La seconde partie s’intéresse à la problématique des chargements cycliques. En effet, plusieurs types de structures sont sollicités cycliquement et peuvent subir des désordres du fait de l’accumulation de déplacements en tête des fondations. L’objectif de cette partie de la thèse est de proposer un modèle permettant de rendre compte principalement de l’évolution de la capacité portante du pieu au cours des cycles, et aussi de proposer une estimation des déplacements. Le modèle développé se base sur la méthode des courbes de transfert, et est associé à deux procédures de dégradation du frottement axial limite. Il est tout d’abord présenté et ensuite appliqué à un exemple théorique. Afin de valider ce modèle, ses résultats sont comparés aux résultats d’essais de pieux en vraie grandeur / Different types of loads can be applied to deep foundations which are widely used nowadays. Piles can be subjected to monotonic or cyclic loads. Thus, geotechnical engineering needs the development of calculation methods to predict the behavior of piles under these types of loads in terms of displacements and bearing capacity. The study presented in this thesis aims to ameliorate the prediction of the behavior of piles under axial monotonic and cyclic loads. This thesis is divided into two parts. The issue of the first part is the prediction of the settlement of a pile submitted to monotonic and axial load. This part focuses on the estimation of settlements because a correct design of a pile requires a correct estimation of bearing capacity as well as displacements. The approach used in this part is the load transfer method. The study starts by a statistical analysis of the t-z model of Frank and Zhao which is generally used for the calculation of pile settlements. Two new t-z models of settlement calculation are presented and analyzed later. Moreover, a comparative analysis between the three t-z models is presented in this study. The aim of this analysis is to estimate the dispersion of the models using the comparison between calculated settlements and measured settlements listed in IFSTTAR’s database. The second part of the thesis deals with the issue of cyclic loads. Indeed, different structures can be subjected to cyclic loads and disorders can be noted due to the accumulation of displacements at the top of the pile. The aim of this part is to propose a calculation model allowing essentially the estimation the evolution of bearing capacity during cycles. It permits also the estimation of displacements. The model developed in this part is based on load transfer approach, and is associated to two calculation methods of degradation of shaft friction. This model is firstly presented, and then it is applied to a theoretical case. In order to validate this model, its numerical results are compared to experimental results of full scale pile tests