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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Degradação de Efluentes Têxteis Pelos Processos Foto Fenton e Redutivo, Utilizando-se Ferro Proveniente de Descarte de Atividade Mineradora

DONADIA, J. F. 15 April 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:35:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_4748_Jaqueline Frigerio Donadia.pdf: 2444453 bytes, checksum: 61968fa1909bd8ae2eeb095cf290daca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-15 / Diversos problemas envolvem as estações de tratamento de efluentes têxteis, especialmente o baixo nível de eficiência de remoção da cor. A aplicação de métodos biológicos convencionais de tratamento de efluentes têxteis está limitada pela degradação insatisfatória de alguns corantes, gerando substâncias tóxicas como as aminas aromáticas com potencial carcinogênico. Assim, a fotocatálise heterogênea é uma alternativa no tratamento desse tipo de efluente. O presente trabalho investigou o tratamento desses efluentes empregando como catalisador em processos redutivos e oxidativos, um resíduo de ferro que é frequentemente produzido pela indústria de rochas ornamentais no município de Nova Venécia-ES. Este resíduo foi caracterizado por Difração de raios-x, Espectroscopia Mössbauer, MEV e Dicromatometria. Otimizou-se a quantidade dos reagentes utilizados e os resultados mostraram que em ambos os sistemas, observou-se degradações superiores a 98,00%. O processo redutivo isolado diminuiu a carga orgânica em 74,30% para o efluente sintético e em 73,20% para o efluente real. Além disso, mineralizações da ordem de 61,20% para o efluente sintético e 60,30% para o real. Destaca-se a associação entre os processos redutivos e oxidativos, que também permite degradações superiores a 98,00% e redução de matéria orgânica sob a forma de DQO na faixa de 77,50% para o sintético e 76,50% para o real. Adicionalmente, tem-se uma redução de COT de 62,80% para o efluente sintético e 56,50% para o real em tempos de reação de 120 minutos. Além disso, pelas análises por CG-EM, não houve formação de substâncias tóxicas. É importante salientar ainda que o sistema redutivo apresentou-se com maior relação custo benefício. Diante do exposto, é possível concluir que os sistemas descritos neste trabalho apresentam-se como uma alternativa promissora para o tratamento de efluentes têxteis através da sustentabilidade, em que um lixo trata o outro.
72

Remoção de azo-corantes de efluente aquoso modelo por adsorção em carvão ativado

SILVA, Erik Cavalcanti e 12 August 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Isaac Francisco de Souza Dias (isaac.souzadias@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-04T17:29:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese de DOUTORADO - Erik Cavalcanti e Silva.pdf: 3366301 bytes, checksum: 5c3e8b98d2c66b7eea2ee41c5cb202a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-04T17:29:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese de DOUTORADO - Erik Cavalcanti e Silva.pdf: 3366301 bytes, checksum: 5c3e8b98d2c66b7eea2ee41c5cb202a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-12 / O tratamento de efluentes tem se tornado o foco de pesquisas e novas tecnologias têm sido desenvolvidas visando atender aos padrões de lançamento de efluentes cada vez mais restritivos. Presentes nos efluentes de indústrias têxteis, os corantes sintéticos são inertes aos agentes utilizados nos processos de degradação convencionais. As moléculas dos corantes possuem estruturas complexas responsáveis por sua alta estabilidade no tingimento o que lhes confere difícil degradabilidade. Como alternativa de tratamento destes efluentes, a adsorção é amplamente utilizada e o carvão ativado é o material mais comumente empregado na remoção de compostos orgânicos devido à sua alta capacidade adsortiva decorrente, entre outros fatores, de sua estrutura porosa e altos valores de área específica. Materiais de baixo valor agregado têm sido empregados como adsorventes in natura e na produção de carvão ativado como solução mais economicamente viável. O presente trabalho objetivou o desenvolvimento de um sistema contínuo de adsorção em leito fixo de carvão ativado (Carbomafra 119) e avaliação de sua eficiência na remoção de azo-corantes de um efluente-modelo composto pela mistura dos corantes Remazol Amarelo 3RS (RY), Remazol Alaranjado BTE 3R (RO) e Remazol Preto B 133% (RB) em iguais concentrações. Experimentos em batelada foram conduzidos para cada corante individualmente e para o efluente-modelo com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de parâmetros operacionais tais como, pH e concentrações iniciais da solução de corante, dose de adsorvente e diâmetro médio das partículas do adsorvente no processo de adsorção. A concentração máxima na fase sólida observada experimentalmente foi de 52,33, 56,85 e 23,87 mg.g-1 para os corantes RY, RO e RB respectivamente nas condições mCA = 0,5 g.dm-3, dp = 8,9.10-4 dm, pH = 2, sendo o equilíbrio atingido em 12 dias. Modelos matemáticos baseados naqueles desenvolvidos por Langmuir e Freundlich foram propostos e aplicados com sucesso na descrição da evolução cinética e do equilíbrio de adsorção. O sistema de adsorção em leito fixo, composto por uma coluna de vidro de 1,5 dm de altura, 4.10-2 dm de diâmetro e leito de carvão ativado de 1 dm de altura com diâmetro médio das partículas de 8,9.10-4 dm, foi montado e teve sua eficiência avaliada nas condições ótimas determinadas nos experimentos em batelada para cada um dos corantes e para o efluente-modelo. As curvas de ruptura foram obtidas em um tempo máximo de 6,5 h e o sistema se mostrou eficaz na remoção dos corantes do efluente, porém, ao final do processo o leito de carvão ativado ainda encontrava-se longe da saturação, devido ao elevado tempo necessário para alcançar o equilíbrio. Um modelo matemático foi desenvolvido a partir de um balanço de massa e foi utilizado com sucesso na descrição da evolução do perfil de concentração do leito fixo. O modelo desenvolvido considera uma resistência global à transferência de massa que engloba as resistências no filme líquido e nos poros do adsorvente e considera a cinética de adsorção de Langmuir-Freundlich na superfície do adsorvente. / The wastewater treatment has become the focus of researches and new technologies have been developed in order to follow the increasingly restrictive standards of effluent discharge. Present in wastewater of textile industries, synthetic dyes are inert to the agents used in conventional degradation processes. Dyes’ molecules have complex structures responsible for its high stability at dyeing process which results in difficult degradability. As alternative treatment of these effluents, adsorption is widely used and activated carbon is the most commonly material employed in the removal of organic compounds due to their high adsorptive capacity resulting from, among other factors, its porous structure and high values of specific area. Low value-added materials have been used as adsorbents in natura and in activated carbon production as more economically viable solution. This study aimed the development of a continuous fixed bed adsorption system of activated carbon (Carbomafra 119) and evaluation of its effectiveness in removing azo-dyes of a synthetic effluent consisting of a mixture of the azo-dyes Remazol Yellow 3RS (RY), Remazol Orange BTE 3R (RO) and Remazol Black B 133% (RB) in equal concentrations. Batch experiments were conducted for each dye individually and for the synthetic effluent in order to evaluate the influence at adsorption process of operational parameters such as pH and initial concentrations of the dye solution, dose and particle diameter of the adsorbent. The maximum concentration of dye adsorbed at the solid phase at equilibrium, was 52.33, 56.85 and 23.87 mg.g-1 for dyes RY, RO and RB, respectively, with mCA = 0.5 g.dm-3, dp = 8,9.10-4 dm, pH = 2, the equilibrium being reached in 12 days. Mathematical models based on those developed by Langmuir and Freundlich had been proposed and successfully applied in describing the kinetics evolution and adsorption equilibrium. The fixed bed adsorption system composed by a glass column 1.5 dm high and a diameter of 4.10-2 dm, the activated carbon bed with a 1 dm high, with an average particle diameter of 8,9.10-4 dm was built and was evaluated in optimal conditions determined in batch experiments for each of the dyes and the synthetic effluent. Breakthrough curves were obtained in a maximum time of 6.5 h and the system proved effective in removing the effluent’s dyes, but at the end of process the activated carbon bed was still far from saturation, due to the high time needed to reach equilibrium. A mathematical model was developed from a mass balance and was successfully utilized in describing the evolution of the fixed bed concentration profile. The developed model considers a mass transfer global resistance that includes resistances in liquid film and in pores of the adsorbent and considers the Langmuir-Freundlich adsorption kinetics at the surface of the adsorbent.
73

Descoloração de corante industrial têxtil por Pseudomonas oleovorans CBMAI 0703

OLIVEIRA, Marcella Cardoso Lemos de 31 January 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:48:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo118_1.pdf: 1482062 bytes, checksum: 03f498b56dd4aa83cf00e0c24a7b2dea (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A indústria têxtil consome grande quantidade de água e produtos químicos, gerando efluentes, os quais são fortemente coloridos, devido à baixa eficiência de fixação dos corantes às fibras dos tecidos, gerando resíduos que contaminam diretamente a água e o solo. Devido ao fato dos métodos físico-químicos tradicionais para a eliminação dos corantes serem caros e às vezes causarem problemas de poluição secundária, a utilização de Pseudomonas oleovorans CBMAI 0703 demonstrou ser uma alternativa promissora para utilização no processo de descoloração dos corantes têxteis. Para o estudo de descoloração do corante azo B15 foi utilizado um planejamento fatorial completo (23), onde foram avaliadas as variáveis, concentração do inóculo, temperatura e concentração do corante. Após 48 horas de cultivo, a eficiência máxima de descoloração do corante foi de 95,32% (60mg/L de corante, 34°C, 0,17g de inóculo). As águas residuais dos processamentos têxteis são altamente coloridas, possuindo uma concentração na faixa de 10-200 mg/L. Para avaliar o efeito de altas concentrações de corante na descoloração foi realizado um ensaio utilizando as condições ideais de temperatura e inóculo em diferentes concentrações de corante (60 a 200mg/L). Desta forma, P. oleovorans CBMAI 0703 demonstrou grande potencial para aplicação no processo de descoloração de efluentes têxteis contaminados, permitindo a recuperação de ambientes naturais degradados
74

Reatividade de vinil azidas E1 - azirinas contendo um grupo metileno ativado frente a reagentes carbonilados em meio basico : parte 1: sintese de compostos aciclicos polifuncionais. parte 2: preparação de 3-oxazolinas-5-acetato e outros derivados de oxazois

Sa, Marcus Cesar Mandolesi 20 July 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Albert James Kascheres / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T00:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sa_MarcusCesarMandolesi_D.pdf: 4119549 bytes, checksum: 387fb41e204e5012cca0f564278ed709 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995 / Doutorado
75

Biological Treatment of a Synthetic Dye Water and an Industrial Textile Wastewater Containing Azo Dye Compounds

Wallace, Trevor Haig 25 July 2001 (has links)
In this research, the ability of anaerobic and aerobic biological sludges to reduce and stabilize azo dye compounds was studied. Synthetic dye solutions and an industrial textile wastewater were both treated using anaerobic and aerobic biomass, separately and in sequential step-treatment processes. The primary objective was to reduce the wastewater color to an intensity that complies with the Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (VPDES) permit level. This level is set at 300 American Dye Manufactures Institute (ADMI) units. Further objectives were to achieve reductions in the total kjehdal nitrogen (TKN) and total organic carbon (TOC) in the wastewater. Anaerobic and aerobic treatment systems were both effective in reducing the wastewater color; however, anaerobic treatment generally produced the greatest color removal. Anaerobic/aerobic (ANA/AER) sequential step-treatment provided the best reductions in ADMI color, TKN and TOC. Anaerobic/aerobic/anaerobic/aerobic (ANA/AER/ANA/AER) sequential step-treatment did not yield greater reductions in ADMI color, TKN, or TOC as compared to ANA/AER sequential step-treatment. / Master of Science
76

m-aminocyclohexanol

Law, Leroy Mancel 01 January 1961 (has links)
There has developed in recent years an interest in chemical materials that may have the ability to concentrate in and about carcinomic tissue.
77

Polarization Dependent Two-photon Absorption Properties Of Chiral Molecules

Toro, Carlos 01 January 2010 (has links)
Molecules that are non-superimposable on their mirror image are named chiral or optically active compound. Over the years, molecular chirality has played an essential role in the understanding of fundamental aspects associated the origin of life, drug and food technologies and, asymmetric catalysis, among others. Moreover, most of the groundbreaking discoveries and advances made in this field have happened due to the development of spectroscopic techniques based on the natural asymmetry of the enantiomers and their ability to preferentially absorb right or left polarized light. For instance, circular dichroism (CD), which measures the difference in absorption between these two states of polarized light, has emerged as one of the most useful spectroscopic methods to identify and characterize chiral compounds. Unfortunately, CD is based on linear absorption which, in most common organic molecules, takes place in the UV region of the spectrum where the majority of organic solvents absorb as well. This certainly imposes limitations in the indiscriminated applicability of this technique to the study of chiral chromophores of biological interest in non-aqueous solutions. Consequently, a systematic and comprehensive characterization of the electronic and optical properties of such molecular entities still remains a major issue to be addressed. On this regard, nonlinear optics offers new alternatives to overcome some of the shortcomings of the standard linear CD-based spectroscopy. In order to surmount the existent limitations in this field and deepen in the fundamental understanding of chiral systems, we have mainly directed the attention of our research to the experimental and theoretical study of the polarization dependent two-photon absorption (2PA) of several chiral azo-compounds and binaphthol derivatives in solution. The first part of this dissertation (Chapters I-IV) covers a full characterization of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of a series of non-chiral and chiral azo derivatives. The combination of experimental techniques such as absorption, fluorescence, excitation anisotropy, circular dichroism, two-photon absorption and two-photon absorption circular-linear dichroism in combination with density functional theory calculations allowed us to unambiguously distinguish and assign the spectral position of the main electronic transitions (n-[pi]* and [pi]-[pi]*) in azobenzene derivatives. Our results represent a major contribution to the understanding of the electronic structure of these organic chromophores which have been reported of potential interest in the design of optoelectronic devices. Then, Chapter V describes the development of a novel experimental technique called the synchronized double L-scan for the study of polarization dependent multiphoton absorption in chiral samples. The high sensitivity of this technique resides in the use of "twin" pulses to account for energy and mode fluctuations of the excitation pulse when determining absorption nonlinearities as a function of the light polarization. The robustness of this method was validated by measuring the first ever reported two-photon absorption circular dichroism (2PA-CD) spectrum on a chiral binaphthol derivative in solution. Finally, Chapters VI and VII compile an ample experimental and theoretical investigation of the chirality-dependent 2PA of axial enantiomers in solution. We combined the use of the synchronized double L-scan technique with state-of-the-art density functional theory calculations to provide a precise and reliable description of the contribution of the different electronic excited states to the 2PA-CD and 2PA-CLD spectra. Our findings are foreseen to have a tremendous impact in the comprehension of some of the most fundamental aspects of chiral phenomena.
78

The Distribution and Fate of Dis-Azo and Poly-Azo Dyes in the Tissues of White Mice

Mulvey, Philip F., Jr. January 1955 (has links)
No description available.
79

The Distribution and Fate of Dis-Azo and Poly-Azo Dyes in the Tissues of White Mice

Mulvey, Philip F., Jr. January 1955 (has links)
No description available.
80

The kinetics of thermal decomposition of 1,1'-Azobutane, 1,1'-Azoisobutane and 2,2'-Azobutane

Eatough, Norman L. 06 May 1959 (has links)
The following compounds have been prepared and purified and the boiling points, densities, refractive indicies and infrared spectra of each have been determined and recorded: n-butyraldazine, isobutyraldazine, methylethyl ketazine, 1,2-di-n-butylhydrazine, 1,2-diisobutylhydrazine, 1,2-di-sec.-butylhydrazine, 1,1'-azobutane, 1,1'-azoisobutane and 2,2'-azobutane. Vapor pressure curves and freezing points of 1,1'-azobutane, 1,1'-azoisobutane and 2,2'-azobutane have been determined and recorded. The kinetics of thermal decomposition of 1,1'-azobutane, 1,1'-azoisobutane, and 2,2'-azobutane in a flow system using hydrogen and helium as a carrier gases have been investigated. The investigation was carried out for two different concentrations of the azo compounds over a pressure range of 670 to 890 mm. Hg and a temperature range of 260° to 380° C. The decomposition reactions were found to be first order in all cases. The appropriate first order rate expressions have been determined and recorded for the decompositions. The concentrations of the azo compounds were in the range of one to six mole per cent. The first order rate constant for the decomposition of the three azo compounds at a concentration of 1.1 mole per cent in helium are as follows: 1,1'-Azobutane: k = 1.3 x 1017 x e-51,600/RT 1,1'-Azoisobutane: k = 1.6 x 1016 x e-46,200/RT 2,2'-Azobutane: k = 1.8 x 1017 x e-48,200/RT The reaction rate constants, the energies of activation based on a collision theory and the entropies and enthalpies of activation based on the absolute reaction rate theory have been determined and recorded for the three azo compounds. The products of decomposition have been investigated using gas chromatography. The results of these investigations have shown that the decomposition process is complex. Several reactions have been postulated to explain the presence of these decomposition products.

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