[pt] O desconhecimento da existência de pesquisas sobre o comportamento do consumidor de cenoura Baby no Brasil estimulou a realização deste estudo exploratório, o qual tem como finalidade identificar aspectos relacionados às diferenças individuais que compõem o modelo de comportamento do consumidor. Mais especificamente, ele busca revelar as percepções e atitudes do consumidor em relação à cenoura Baby, os motivos que orientam sua preferência ou rejeição e as razões que estão limitando o seu consumo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais, observação pessoal e grupos de foco e avaliados sob os modelos multiatributos de Fishbein e Ponto Ideal. Os resultados sugerem uma atitude favorável em relação à cenoura Baby, mas a preferência é pela cenoura Comum. Diferentemente desta última, que é altamente acessível a todas as classes sociais graças a sua alta disponibilidade e preço baixo, a cenoura Baby está posicionada para um público com poder aquisitivo mais elevado, que é minoria. Ela é percebida como um produto sofisticado, e consumido apenas em situações especiais. Dentre as várias hipóteses e suposições que podem ser formuladas a partir deste estudo, recomenda-se testar se a cenoura Baby é, de fato, mais saborosa que a cenoura Comum e se ela realmente desperta o interesse das crianças. Os resultados poderão sugerir mudanças na estratégia de posicionamento, de modo a atender também o público infantil e, conseqüentemente, aumentar seu market share. / [en] There is no information available about Baby carrot consumer behavior in Brazil. This exploratory study aims to identify issues related to individual differences that build a consumer behavior model. Specifically, the goals of this study are to reveal the consumers´ perceptions and attitudes related to Baby carrot; the reasons that guide their choice or rejection; and the reasons which limit their consumption. Data were collected through personal interviews, personal observation and focus groups, and assessed using the multi-attributes Fishbein and Point Ideal models. The results suggest a favorable attitude regarding Baby carrot, but the preference is for the common carrot, which is highly accessible to all social classes due to its high availability and low price. Baby carrot is affordable to consumers with higher purchase power. It is perceived as a sophisticated product, and it is consumed only in special occasions. Among the various hypotheses and assumptions which may be formulated based on this study, it is recommended to test whether Baby carrot is, in fact, more palatable than the common carrot and if is really attractive to children. The results of this suggested study may suggest changes in strategy for market positioning in order to meet the public needs, including children, and thus increase market share of Baby carrot.

Grande parte do desenvolvimento científico nas análises em alimentos está relacionado à identificação e quantificação de resíduos de drogas veterinárias e contaminantes ambientais em matéria-prima. Dentre as substâncias mais amplamente estudadas como resíduos em alimentos estão os praguicidas. Cada vez mais as legislações e normas reguladoras buscam garantir que os alimentos levados aos consumidores estejam apropriados à ingestão, diminuindo o risco negligenciável à saúde, através da exigência de níveis cada vez menores dos limites máximos de resíduo, e muitas vezes, banindo diversas substâncias com altos e médios graus de toxicidade. Para tal, tem sendo intensificado o desenvolvimento de métodos precisos, exatos, robustos e baratos para a identificação e quantificação de praguicidas, de forma que tanto os órgãos públicos como as empresas privadas possam realizar o monitoramento dos alimentos oferecidos pelos produtores e fornecedores, e assim identificar possíveis fontes de exposição à substâncias que levem risco através da ingestão diária. Os indivíduos que apresentam maior suscetibilidade aos efeitos nocivos causados pela presença de praguicidas em níveis tóxicos nos alimentos são crianças e idosos, o que exige cuidados e limites ainda mais rígidos. Para garantir que os alimentos infantis fornecidos no mercado se mantenham dentro das condições adequadas para a ingestão, a sua produção deve ser controlada e monitorada. O presente trabalho visa avaliar a presença de praguicidas em Solanum tuberosum (batata), Daucus carota (cenoura) e Arracacia xanthorrhiza (mandioquinha) destinadas para a produção de baby-food e produtos similares, cultivados na área de São José do Rio Pardo, no estado de São Paulo, e disponíveis no varejo da cidade de São Paulo, através da técnica QuEChERS e identificação e quantificação por LC-MS/MS. Através da otimização dos parâmetros de espectrometria de massas e validação do método de extração QuEChERS para 216 compostos, foram identificados quais praguicidas possuíam a capacidade de serem detectados e quantificados com a performance adequada por cromatografia líquida acoplada a espectrometria de massas em tandem nas commodities estudadas. Amostras de batata, cenoura e mandioquinha de fornecedores da área de São José do Rio Pardo e fontes de varejo da cidade de São Paulo foram analisadas para identificar a presença dos analitos validados. Para as amostras investigadas, somente a commodity cenoura apresentou praguicidas quantificados acima do valor da Capacidade de Detecção (CCβ), sendo eles o Linurom, o Tebuconazol e o Triciclazol. Realizada a Avaliação de Risco, verificou-se que a exposição aos praguicidas nas commodities, mesmo nos casos de maior concentração, não era evidenciada como um risco, tendo em vista que os mesmos obtiveram resultados de 0,25% (Linurom), 0,1% (Tebuconazol) e 0,03% (Triciclazol) dos valores de suas Ingestões Diárias Aceitáveis (IDA). / Great part of the scientific development on food analysis is related to the identification and quantification of veterinary drugs and environmental contaminants residues in raw materials. Among the most studied residue substances in food are the pesticides compounds. Increasingly, legislations and regulatory standards seek to ensure that the food served to consumers are appropriate to the intake, reducing a negligible health risk, by requiring each time lower maximum residue levels, and often banning various substances with high and medium levels of toxicity. With this purpose, the development of accurate, robust and cheap methods has been intensified for the identification and quantification of pesticides, so that both public bodies and private companies are able to carry out the monitoring of food and feed offered by the producers and suppliers, and by doing so, identify possible sources of exposure to substances that lead to risk by daily intake. The individuals who are more susceptible to adverse effects caused by the presence of pesticides in toxic levels in food are children and the elderly, and because of this fact, the requirement for extensive care and limits even stricter is higher. In the attempt to ensure that children\'s food and feed market supplies fall within the right conditions for ingestion, its production should be controlled and monitored. The present study aims to evaluate the presence of pesticides in Solanum tuberosum (potato), Daucus carota (carrot) and Arracacia xanthorrhiza (mandioquinha) in samples grown in the area of São José do Rio Pardo, in the State of São Paulo, and directed to baby-food and similar products production, and in samples available at the market retail in the city of São Paulo, through the QuEChERS technique, and identification and quantification by LC-MS/MS. The pesticides molecules which had the ability to be detected and quantified with adequated performance by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in the studied commodities were identified by optimizing the mass spectrometer parameters and validating the QuEChERS extraction method of 216 compounds. Potato, carrot and mandioquinha samples, provided by suppliers in the area of Sao Jose do Rio Pardo and retail sources from São Paulo, were analyzed for the presence of the validated pesticides. Among the investigated samples, only the carrot commodity presented quantified pesticides above the value of Detection Capability (CCβ), namely Linuron, the Tebuconazole and Tricyclazole. Held the chemical risk assessment, it was found that the exposure to pesticides by the commodities, even in cases of higher concentrations, was not shown as a risk, given that they achieved results of 0.25% (Linuron), 0, 1% (Tebuconazole) and 0.03% (Tricyclazole) of the Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADI) values.

Grande parte do desenvolvimento científico nas análises em alimentos está relacionado à identificação e quantificação de resíduos de drogas veterinárias e contaminantes ambientais em matéria-prima. Dentre as substâncias mais amplamente estudadas como resíduos em alimentos estão os praguicidas. Cada vez mais as legislações e normas reguladoras buscam garantir que os alimentos levados aos consumidores estejam apropriados à ingestão, diminuindo o risco negligenciável à saúde, através da exigência de níveis cada vez menores dos limites máximos de resíduo, e muitas vezes, banindo diversas substâncias com altos e médios graus de toxicidade. Para tal, tem sendo intensificado o desenvolvimento de métodos precisos, exatos, robustos e baratos para a identificação e quantificação de praguicidas, de forma que tanto os órgãos públicos como as empresas privadas possam realizar o monitoramento dos alimentos oferecidos pelos produtores e fornecedores, e assim identificar possíveis fontes de exposição à substâncias que levem risco através da ingestão diária. Os indivíduos que apresentam maior suscetibilidade aos efeitos nocivos causados pela presença de praguicidas em níveis tóxicos nos alimentos são crianças e idosos, o que exige cuidados e limites ainda mais rígidos. Para garantir que os alimentos infantis fornecidos no mercado se mantenham dentro das condições adequadas para a ingestão, a sua produção deve ser controlada e monitorada. O presente trabalho visa avaliar a presença de praguicidas em Solanum tuberosum (batata), Daucus carota (cenoura) e Arracacia xanthorrhiza (mandioquinha) destinadas para a produção de baby-food e produtos similares, cultivados na área de São José do Rio Pardo, no estado de São Paulo, e disponíveis no varejo da cidade de São Paulo, através da técnica QuEChERS e identificação e quantificação por LC-MS/MS. Através da otimização dos parâmetros de espectrometria de massas e validação do método de extração QuEChERS para 216 compostos, foram identificados quais praguicidas possuíam a capacidade de serem detectados e quantificados com a performance adequada por cromatografia líquida acoplada a espectrometria de massas em tandem nas commodities estudadas. Amostras de batata, cenoura e mandioquinha de fornecedores da área de São José do Rio Pardo e fontes de varejo da cidade de São Paulo foram analisadas para identificar a presença dos analitos validados. Para as amostras investigadas, somente a commodity cenoura apresentou praguicidas quantificados acima do valor da Capacidade de Detecção (CCβ), sendo eles o Linurom, o Tebuconazol e o Triciclazol. Realizada a Avaliação de Risco, verificou-se que a exposição aos praguicidas nas commodities, mesmo nos casos de maior concentração, não era evidenciada como um risco, tendo em vista que os mesmos obtiveram resultados de 0,25% (Linurom), 0,1% (Tebuconazol) e 0,03% (Triciclazol) dos valores de suas Ingestões Diárias Aceitáveis (IDA). / Great part of the scientific development on food analysis is related to the identification and quantification of veterinary drugs and environmental contaminants residues in raw materials. Among the most studied residue substances in food are the pesticides compounds. Increasingly, legislations and regulatory standards seek to ensure that the food served to consumers are appropriate to the intake, reducing a negligible health risk, by requiring each time lower maximum residue levels, and often banning various substances with high and medium levels of toxicity. With this purpose, the development of accurate, robust and cheap methods has been intensified for the identification and quantification of pesticides, so that both public bodies and private companies are able to carry out the monitoring of food and feed offered by the producers and suppliers, and by doing so, identify possible sources of exposure to substances that lead to risk by daily intake. The individuals who are more susceptible to adverse effects caused by the presence of pesticides in toxic levels in food are children and the elderly, and because of this fact, the requirement for extensive care and limits even stricter is higher. In the attempt to ensure that children\'s food and feed market supplies fall within the right conditions for ingestion, its production should be controlled and monitored. The present study aims to evaluate the presence of pesticides in Solanum tuberosum (potato), Daucus carota (carrot) and Arracacia xanthorrhiza (mandioquinha) in samples grown in the area of São José do Rio Pardo, in the State of São Paulo, and directed to baby-food and similar products production, and in samples available at the market retail in the city of São Paulo, through the QuEChERS technique, and identification and quantification by LC-MS/MS. The pesticides molecules which had the ability to be detected and quantified with adequated performance by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in the studied commodities were identified by optimizing the mass spectrometer parameters and validating the QuEChERS extraction method of 216 compounds. Potato, carrot and mandioquinha samples, provided by suppliers in the area of Sao Jose do Rio Pardo and retail sources from São Paulo, were analyzed for the presence of the validated pesticides. Among the investigated samples, only the carrot commodity presented quantified pesticides above the value of Detection Capability (CCβ), namely Linuron, the Tebuconazole and Tricyclazole. Held the chemical risk assessment, it was found that the exposure to pesticides by the commodities, even in cases of higher concentrations, was not shown as a risk, given that they achieved results of 0.25% (Linuron), 0, 1% (Tebuconazole) and 0.03% (Tricyclazole) of the Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADI) values.

Bakgrund: Shaken Baby Syndrom är en allvarlig form av barnmisshandel. Förekomsten är vanligare bland barn under ett år och barnets skrik anses vara den enskilt största orsaken. BVC-sjuksköterskorna har ett ansvar i att arbeta förebyggande mot Shaken Baby Syndrom. Att som BVC-sjuksköterska möta en familj där barnet utsatts för skakvåld väcker mycket känslor och ställer höga krav på professionalitet. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att belysa BVC-sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att möta en familj, där barnet utsatts för Shaken Baby Syndrom. Metod: Data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Fem intervjuer genomfördes med BVC-sjuksköterskor. Resultat: Ur analysen av datamaterialet framträdde fyra kategorier; lyhörd för varningssignaler, tillämpa beprövad kunskap, egna insatser otillräckliga och kollegial avlastning med totalt 11 underkategorier. Konklusion: Resultaten av denna studie kan bidra till att utveckla och förbättra BVC-sjuksköterskors komplexa arbetssituation i mötet med familjen. Det kan också bidra till att BVC-sjuksköterskor lättare upptäcker varningssignaler och får en större insikt i betydelsen av att arbeta förebyggande och därmed minskar förekomsten av Shaken Baby Syndrom. / Background: Shaken Baby Syndrome is a serious form of child abuse. The occurrence is more frequent among children younger than one year, and the baby's cries are considered the largest single cause. Child health care nurses have a responsibility to work to prevent Shaken Baby Syndrome. Meeting a family where the child has being abused evokes a lot of emotions and requires a high level of professionalism.Aim: The aim of the study was to highlight child health care nurses’ experiences of meeting a family, where the child is a victim of Shaken Baby Syndrome.Method: The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis technique with an inductive approach. Five interviews with child health care nurses’ were performed.Result: Four categories emerged from the analysis; perceptive to warning signs, application of proven knowledge, own efforts inadequate and collegiate relief, with 11 subcategories.Conclusion: The results of this study may contribute to develop and improve how child health care nurses handle their complex interaction with families. It can also contribute to a deeper understanding and awareness of warning signs. Preventive work is essential to decrease the prevalence of Shaken Baby Syndrome.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 145-149).

The aim of the thesis is to present a correct way of proper child nutrition under three years of age, describe the baby food market and trends in this category. Then, apply the theoretical knowledge of the marketing mix to one of the strongest players in the baby food market, the company Nutricia. In conclusion, using the results of the research, suggest for this company marketing recommendations . The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part describes the proper child nutrition from birth to three years of age, components of the marketing mix and competitive enviroment. In the practical part, the baby food market in the Czech Republic, the trends in this category, market competition, the company Nutricia and its marketing mix are beying suscribed. The practical part has its own research. At the end of the work the hypothesis are confirmed or disproved and marketing recommendations for Nutricia are made.

The successful transition to motherhood can be associated with the experience of infant feeding, and women’s views of whether that experience has been positive or negative can shape the mothering experience. However, nurses’ engagement with best practice breastfeeding promotion may elicit negative responses from women who are either unsuccessful in their attempts to breastfeed, or do not breastfeed for other reasons. Are nurses adequately prepared or supported to deal with the variety of infant feeding challenges that inevitably arise in perinatal practice settings? For example, Canadian perinatal nurses are expected to conform to WHO-conceived Baby Friendly expectations to disseminate evidence that pertains to the health risks of introducing formula to infants. However, in some circumstances, infant formula is recommended by practitioners in order to provide crucial hydration and/or nourishment, which destabilizes the discourse of risk, and creates confusion for mothers. Questions also arise about the appropriateness of nurses applying WHO guidelines to every woman without first considering intersectional realities which may not align with BF recommendations to breastfeed for six months and beyond. These questions, and others, informed the research question: “What is nurses’ experience of infant feeding support?” Eleven perinatal nurses from across Canada were interviewed. The conversations were interpreted using Gadamerian hermeneutic methodology. Participants described a variety of practices and dilemmas that they associate with infant feeding “support,” highlighting that complex and contradictory forces are at play for nurses involved in infant feeding support as well as the unintended and negative consequences of following BF best practice guidelines. / Graduate / humphriesj@camosun.bc.ca

No description available.

Infants’ gestures feature prominently in early language. The observation that accomplishments in gesture presage verbal milestones prompted the question of whether encouraging infants to gesture would bring on language gains. This thesis addressed this question, remedying many of the shortfalls of previous research. In a yearlong longitudinal study, high-SES mother-infant dyads (n = 40) were randomly allocated to one of four conditions: Symbolic Gesture training, British Sign Language (BSL) training, Verbal training and a Non-Intervention Control group. Infants’ language was continually assessed between the ages of 8 to 20 months to determine the impact of encouraged gesture on language development. With the exception of a small number of boys, encouraging gesture did not affect infants’ language development. However, the expressive language of boys who started the study with a low language ability was improved by gesture. A gesture-training intervention was delivered to low-SES mothers at a Sure Start children’s centre. Infants of mothers trained to gesture showed greater gains in their receptive and expressive vocabularies than infants of mothers who attended sessions aimed to improve general communication (without gesture instruction). Gesture helped reduce the discrepancy between the language abilities of infants from low and high-SES backgrounds. Qualitative investigations revealed how encouraging mothers to use gestures with their infants led to perceived wider, non-linguistic benefits. However, a comparison of maternal and infant stress scores revealed no difference between gesturing and non-gesturing mother-infant dyads. Infants, who because of biological and/or environmental factors have lower language abilities than their peers, stand to benefit from encouraged gesture in infancy. Through early intervention, gesture has the potential to reduce the disadvantage that children from lower-SES families face from impoverished language abilities. By changing the course of their early development, encouraged gesture could ultimately bring about lasting benefits.

Mothers who have an infant with severe congenital heart disease (CHD) face an uncertain and emotionally challenging postpartum period as their baby is hospitalised and undergoes life-saving cardiac surgical treatment. There are many potential risk factors to mother-infant bonding, that is, the emotional tie a mother develops with her baby, in the context of infant illness. Having an infant with a diagnosis of severe CHD could be seen as a threat to the mother's experience of bonding. However, there is limited understanding about the maternal perception of bonding with an infant with severe CHD. This study aimed to explore mothers' bonding with their infant with severe CHD throughout antenatal, perinatal and postnatal periods and how they coped with any challenges to this bond. Interviews were conducted with eight mothers of infants aged between eight and fifteen months with severe CHD, who were recruited from a children's hospital and who were diagnosed either antenatally or postnatally. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to identify themes across the mothers' accounts. Four superordinant themes were identified: ‘An Emotional Start to Motherhood and the Mother-Infant Bond', ‘Losing Control in the Context of CHD', ‘Keeping Connected to the Baby' and ‘Moving on Together'. The findings identify mother-infant bonding as a process that can withstand challenges such as maternal-infant separation, potential loss of the infant and maternal feelings of disconnection from the baby. Practical strategies were used by mothers to maintain their bond with their infant following diagnosis and during hospitalisation. These included being close to their infant and taking over caregiving duties from the nurses. Mothers described strength and resilience from the experience and a process of increasingly feeling closer to their infant. Several potential research implications and clinical recommendations for healthcare professionals are suggested.