A revision of the author's thesis, Göttingen, 1963. / Bibliographical references included in "Anmerkungen" (p. 92-96).

Thesis--Marburg. / Vita. "Quellennachweis": p. [7-8].

Habilitationsschrift--Cologne. / Bibliography: p. [276]-291.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-45).

Technology has evolved the last 20 years, making both the stock market and media operate in real time. The advancement of technology has increased trading activity and the number of investors who enter the stock market. Alongside, media has expanded itself into the internet and can, due to the advancement, provide information faster and in higher volumes through their channels. Being that, a limited number of follow-ups have been made regarding the impact of media on stock price and no studies have been made to investigate how stock price correlates with negative media. This generated the aim of this study to investigate and analyze the impact of “Bad Media Attention” on stock price. The thesis was conducted as an exploratory research study that collected secondary data from Avanza. Furthermore, the methodology in this study was structured and performed to best answer the research question (RQ1): Does “Bad Media Attention” have an impact on stock price?” The results showed that the majority of news defined as ”Bad Media Attention” had no statistically significant impact on stock price. Also, the study found no consistent statistically significant correlation between “Bad Media Attention” and stock price. However, the small number of significant variables tends to have a negative correlation between “Bad Media Attention” and stock price. Therefore, this research contributed to the stock market field in a number of ways. First, by showing a majority of news events, defined as “Bad Media Attention”, had no statistically significant impact on stock price for large cap companies on the OMX Stockholm 30 Stock Exchange. Second, the results and analysis may help to better grasp the impact of “Bad Media Attention”. Third, this study provided more insight in the research area and raised awareness of this particular phenomenon, and will for this reason be a valuable discovery for future research.

Gestaltning av ett nytt utomhusbad i centrala Norrköping. Hur fungerar badet som social mötesplats idag? Det nya badet bidrar till att aktivera den bortglömda ön Strömsholmen och framhäva vattnets roll i staden.

I en tid där vi blir alltfler i städerna och befolkningsmängden växer, hade detta examensarbete som mål att introducera en plats att kunna ta ett steg tillbaka på från vardagsstressen. Tanken var att göra utrymme för en publik plats som är till för rekreation, hälsa och upplevelse, och resultatet blev en spaanläggning. Spaet placeras i Örebro, en mellanstor stad där detta koncept saknas. Tomten är en vattennära karaktäristik plats med höga naturvärden och historisk miljö på Myrö gård. Där finns ett slott, skog, fritidshusområden, våtmarker, vasslandskap och sjön Hjälmaren. Alla dessa delar tas vara i spaupplevelsen, som består av en fragmenterad resa med olika rörelsesekvenser genom hela tomten. Själva spaet är en typ av termalbad, som placeras på våtmarkerna nära sjön. Spaet består av ett uppbrutet program som förbinds genom trall och bryggor. Som ett tillägg till spaupplevelsen förläggs ett orangeri där det serveras mat och dryck. Sinsemellan de uppbrutna trä-volymerna plockas de för platsen viktiga karaktärsdragen upp till exempel vassen, stenblocken eller träden. Det finns olika rum med olika upplevelser som man rör sig mellan utomhus, och de är planerade för att man inte ska missa detaljerna i naturen. / In a time where the cities get more crowded, this project had an aim to introduce a space free from everyday stress. The goal was to create a public space for recreation, health and experience, and the result was a spa. The spa is located in Örebro, a medium-sized city where this concept is lacking. The site is Myrö gård, a characteristic plot with high natural values and historical surroundings. Specific for Myrö is its castle, woods, recreation areas, wetlands, landscape of common reeds and the lake Hjälmaren. All these parts are taken in the spa experience, which consists of a fragmented journey with different sequences of movement throughout the site. The spa is built in wood and is a type of a thermal bath, which is placed on the wetlands near the lake. The program consists of fragmented volumes connected by duckboards and bridges. As an addition to the spa, there is an orangery where food and drinks are served. In between the volumes, the important characteristics of the site are picked up, for example, the reed, the stone blocks or the trees. Each movement between the different rooms is planned to not miss the details of nature.

Japan is currently suffering its third economic downturn of the past decade. While Japan suffers from a variety of structural problems, the most acute is the crushing burden carried by the banks. They still suffer under the weight of thousands of billions of yen of bad loans resulting from the collapse in asset prices a decade ago. Japan's still unsolved banking crisis constitutes a threat to a large component of the global financial system. Some economists believe that these events were avoidable. Better underwriting by Japanese banks and more prudent monetary policies by the Central Bank of Japan could have prevented the subsequent downturn and losses. It may be impossible to prove that sound policies could have avoided the persistent crisis altogether, but it seems unarguable that better professional underwriting by Japanese banks and more prudent monetary policies by the Central Bank could have mitigated the severity of the economic downturns and reduced huge losses. The model I have constructed analyzes whether the events leading Japan into financial crisis could have been anticipated. The model is a simple multivariate econometric equation estimated monthly data between 1980 and 1990. This model appears to explain much of the variation in non-performing loans during this period. The model simulated during the period 1990 to 2001 indicates that the non-performing loans could have been anticipated. This model or one like it could have given bank regulators basic tools to anticipate the incidence of non-performing loans during the 1990s. Had regulators done so, it might have been possible for them to take those remedial actions that would have limited the subsequent numbers of poorly underwritten loans during the 1990s. / Master of Arts

Les parasites Theileria (Theileria. annulata and T. parva) sont des protozoaires intracellulaires qui font partie du phylum des Apicomplexa. Theileria infecte les leucocytes bovins et les transforment en cellules cancéreuses, induisant un genre de leucémie chez le bovin et conduisant à la mort de l’animal. Les cellules infectées par Theileria démontrent certaines caractéristiques de cellules cancéreuses telles qu’une importante capacité d’invasion et de migration cellulaire. Cependant, le traitement de cellules infectées avec une drogue Theiléricide spécifique (buparvaquone) permet l'élimination du parasite et la réversion du phénotype transformé. De plus, la virulence peut être atténuée par passages répétés sur culture cellulaire. La similitude entre les cellules transformées par Theileria et la leucémie humaine fait de Theileria un modèle très important permettant l’étude des mécanismes cellulaires induits par le parasite au cours de la transformation de la cellule hôte. Mon laboratoire d’accueil a publié une augmentation significative de TGF-β2 dans les cellules virulentes et a constaté que parmi les 1158 cibles de TGF-β, 68 gènes ont été reconnus d'avoir modifié leurs niveaux de transcription concomitante avec l'atténuation. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons étudié les voies de signalisations impliquées dans la régulation de l’adhésion et l’invasion des cellules infectées par Theileria. Nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés à l’étude de la voie de signalisation TGF-β2 et ses effecteurs. Nos résultats montrent que l’activation de la voie de signalisation de TGF-β2 par Theileria entraîne une augmentation de l’invasion et de l’adhérence des cellules transformées par deux mécanismes différents, soit en activant la voie de signalisation PGE2/EP4/cAMP/PKA/EPAC/CREB, soit en stimulant la voie GRB2/PI3-K/AP-1. Les macrophages atténués infectés par Theileria sont plus stressés oxydativement ce qui diminue leur adhérence et leur invasion cellulaire. Ceci nous a amené à étudier en collaboration avec un autre doctorant (Mehdi Metheni) le rôle de TGF-β2 dans la régulation du stress oxydatif dans les macrophages infectés par Theileria. Nos données montrent que les niveaux élevés de TGF-β2 stimule l’expression de la catalase, une enzyme anti-oxydante qui convertit le H2O2 en H2O et la baisse de H2O2 favorise la virulence en augmentant l’invasion et l’adhésion des cellules infectées par Theileria (résultats supplémentaires). De plus, nous avons examiné le statut de stress oxydatif et le type de glycolyse utilisé par les cellules infectées par Theileria. Les cellules transformées par Theileria agissent comme des cellules cancéreuses, elles consomment énormément de glucose. La protéine BAD joue un rôle important dans l’apoptose ainsi que dans la voie de glycolyse. Son activité est régulée par phosphorylation en réponse à des facteurs de croissance et de survie. BAD peut être phosphorylée par la PKA sur le résidu sérine 155. Durant ma thèse, nous avons examiné le rôle de la phosphorylation de BAD par la PKA dans la régulation du métabolisme cellulaire des macrophages infectés par Theileria. Nos résultats montrent que l’abolition de la phosphorylation de BAD par la PKA dissocie le complexe mitochondrial formé entre BAD et HK2, ce qui induit l’ubiquitynation et la dégradation de HK2 par le protéasome. La baisse de HK2 stimule la voie de phosphorylation oxydative en faveur de l’effet Warburg dans les cellules infectées par Theileria. / Theileria parasites (Theileria. annulata and T. parva) are intracellular protozoa and members of the phylum Apicomplexa. Theileria parasites are the only eukaryotes that possess the property of being able to transform another eukaryote, their leukocyte host cells. Transformed leukocytes show many characteristics of tumour cells such as heightened invasive capacity; however the tumour-like phenotype can be totally reversed upon drug induced parasite death and attenuated by multiple in vitro passages. Such multiple-passaged attenuated lines are used as live vaccines against tropical theileriosis. The similarities in tumour hyper-invasiveness between Theileria-transformed leukcocytes and human lymphomas imply that observations on Theileria-induced leukocyte transformation have the potential to give generally applicable insights into the mechanisms underpinning tumour virulence. My host laboratory described higher TGF-β2 levels in virulent infected macrophages and following microarray analysis of virulent compared to attenuated macrophages found that among the 1158 TGF-β-targets, 68 genes had altered transcript levels concomitant with attenuation. In this study, we investigate the signalling pathways involved in the regulation of cellular adhesion and invasiveness of Theileria-infected cells. We were especially interested in the study of TGF-β2 signalling in Theileria-transformed virulent versus attenuated macrophages. My results indicate that following Theileria infection of macrophages, the TGF-β2 signalling pathway is activated and induces an increase in adhesion of virulent transformed macrophages through two different mechanisms: either by activating a PGE2 / EP4 / cAMP / PKA / EPAC / CREB signaling pathway, or by stimulating a GRB2 / PI3-K / AP-1 pathway. As attenuated macrophages display heightened oxidative stress, which underpins their loss of adhesion and invasiveness, in collaboration with another PhD student (Mehdi Metheni) we investigated the role of TGF-β2 in the regulation of the oxidative stress status of Theileria-infected macrophages. Our data show that high levels of TGF-β2 increase the expression of catalase, an anti-oxidant enzyme that converts H2O2 into H2O and the drop in H2O2 output results in regain of the virulence trait heightened adhesion of Theileria-transformed macrophages to fibronectin. Theileria-transformed macrophages display many features of cancer cells such as their consumption of larger quantities of glucose. The BCL-2 family protein BAD has an alternative function in glucose metabolism separate from its role in apoptosis. The activity of BAD is regulated by phosphorylation in response to growth/survival factors. BAD can be phosphorylated on Ser155 by PKA. So during my thesis studies I examined the role of PKA mediated phosphorylation of BAD in the regulation of the cellular metabolism of Theileria-transformed macrophages. My results showed that ablation of BAD S155 phosphorylation dissociates the mitochondrial complex of BAD and HK2 and cytosolic HK2 becomes ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. Loss of HK2 switches the metabolism of Theileria-transformed leukocytes from Warburg-like to OXPHOS-like glycolysis.

Les parasites Theileria (Theileria. annulata and T. parva) sont des protozoaires intracellulaires qui font partie du phylum des Apicomplexa. Theileria infecte les leucocytes bovins et les transforment en cellules cancéreuses, induisant un genre de leucémie chez le bovin et conduisant à la mort de l’animal. Les cellules infectées par Theileria démontrent certaines caractéristiques de cellules cancéreuses telles qu’une importante capacité d’invasion et de migration cellulaire. Cependant, le traitement de cellules infectées avec une drogue Theiléricide spécifique (buparvaquone) permet l'élimination du parasite et la réversion du phénotype transformé. De plus, la virulence peut être atténuée par passages répétés sur culture cellulaire. La similitude entre les cellules transformées par Theileria et la leucémie humaine fait de Theileria un modèle très important permettant l’étude des mécanismes cellulaires induits par le parasite au cours de la transformation de la cellule hôte. Mon laboratoire d’accueil a publié une augmentation significative de TGF-β2 dans les cellules virulentes et a constaté que parmi les 1158 cibles de TGF-β, 68 gènes ont été reconnus d'avoir modifié leurs niveaux de transcription concomitante avec l'atténuation. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons étudié les voies de signalisations impliquées dans la régulation de l’adhésion et l’invasion des cellules infectées par Theileria. Nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés à l’étude de la voie de signalisation TGF-β2 et ses effecteurs. Nos résultats montrent que l’activation de la voie de signalisation de TGF-β2 par Theileria entraîne une augmentation de l’invasion et de l’adhérence des cellules transformées par deux mécanismes différents, soit en activant la voie de signalisation PGE2/EP4/cAMP/PKA/EPAC/CREB, soit en stimulant la voie GRB2/PI3-K/AP-1. Les macrophages atténués infectés par Theileria sont plus stressés oxydativement ce qui diminue leur adhérence et leur invasion cellulaire. Ceci nous a amené à étudier en collaboration avec un autre doctorant (Mehdi Metheni) le rôle de TGF-β2 dans la régulation du stress oxydatif dans les macrophages infectés par Theileria. Nos données montrent que les niveaux élevés de TGF-β2 stimule l’expression de la catalase, une enzyme anti-oxydante qui convertit le H2O2 en H2O et la baisse de H2O2 favorise la virulence en augmentant l’invasion et l’adhésion des cellules infectées par Theileria (résultats supplémentaires). De plus, nous avons examiné le statut de stress oxydatif et le type de glycolyse utilisé par les cellules infectées par Theileria. Les cellules transformées par Theileria agissent comme des cellules cancéreuses, elles consomment énormément de glucose. La protéine BAD joue un rôle important dans l’apoptose ainsi que dans la voie de glycolyse. Son activité est régulée par phosphorylation en réponse à des facteurs de croissance et de survie. BAD peut être phosphorylée par la PKA sur le résidu sérine 155. Durant ma thèse, nous avons examiné le rôle de la phosphorylation de BAD par la PKA dans la régulation du métabolisme cellulaire des macrophages infectés par Theileria. Nos résultats montrent que l’abolition de la phosphorylation de BAD par la PKA dissocie le complexe mitochondrial formé entre BAD et HK2, ce qui induit l’ubiquitynation et la dégradation de HK2 par le protéasome. La baisse de HK2 stimule la voie de phosphorylation oxydative en faveur de l’effet Warburg dans les cellules infectées par Theileria. / Theileria parasites (Theileria. annulata and T. parva) are intracellular protozoa and members of the phylum Apicomplexa. Theileria parasites are the only eukaryotes that possess the property of being able to transform another eukaryote, their leukocyte host cells. Transformed leukocytes show many characteristics of tumour cells such as heightened invasive capacity; however the tumour-like phenotype can be totally reversed upon drug induced parasite death and attenuated by multiple in vitro passages. Such multiple-passaged attenuated lines are used as live vaccines against tropical theileriosis. The similarities in tumour hyper-invasiveness between Theileria-transformed leukcocytes and human lymphomas imply that observations on Theileria-induced leukocyte transformation have the potential to give generally applicable insights into the mechanisms underpinning tumour virulence. My host laboratory described higher TGF-β2 levels in virulent infected macrophages and following microarray analysis of virulent compared to attenuated macrophages found that among the 1158 TGF-β-targets, 68 genes had altered transcript levels concomitant with attenuation. In this study, we investigate the signalling pathways involved in the regulation of cellular adhesion and invasiveness of Theileria-infected cells. We were especially interested in the study of TGF-β2 signalling in Theileria-transformed virulent versus attenuated macrophages. My results indicate that following Theileria infection of macrophages, the TGF-β2 signalling pathway is activated and induces an increase in adhesion of virulent transformed macrophages through two different mechanisms: either by activating a PGE2 / EP4 / cAMP / PKA / EPAC / CREB signaling pathway, or by stimulating a GRB2 / PI3-K / AP-1 pathway. As attenuated macrophages display heightened oxidative stress, which underpins their loss of adhesion and invasiveness, in collaboration with another PhD student (Mehdi Metheni) we investigated the role of TGF-β2 in the regulation of the oxidative stress status of Theileria-infected macrophages. Our data show that high levels of TGF-β2 increase the expression of catalase, an anti-oxidant enzyme that converts H2O2 into H2O and the drop in H2O2 output results in regain of the virulence trait heightened adhesion of Theileria-transformed macrophages to fibronectin. Theileria-transformed macrophages display many features of cancer cells such as their consumption of larger quantities of glucose. The BCL-2 family protein BAD has an alternative function in glucose metabolism separate from its role in apoptosis. The activity of BAD is regulated by phosphorylation in response to growth/survival factors. BAD can be phosphorylated on Ser155 by PKA. So during my thesis studies I examined the role of PKA mediated phosphorylation of BAD in the regulation of the cellular metabolism of Theileria-transformed macrophages. My results showed that ablation of BAD S155 phosphorylation dissociates the mitochondrial complex of BAD and HK2 and cytosolic HK2 becomes ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. Loss of HK2 switches the metabolism of Theileria-transformed leukocytes from Warburg-like to OXPHOS-like glycolysis.