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Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-07-29T18:15:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Disssertação - Jean Sardinha de Almeida - 2016.pdf: 1339332 bytes, checksum: 418c173cb4b8d6405108b91607c5d13d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T13:32:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Disssertação - Jean Sardinha de Almeida - 2016.pdf: 1339332 bytes, checksum: 418c173cb4b8d6405108b91607c5d13d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T13:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Disssertação - Jean Sardinha de Almeida - 2016.pdf: 1339332 bytes, checksum: 418c173cb4b8d6405108b91607c5d13d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-01 / The objective this paper was evaluate the inlcusion of crude extract of Croton urucurana Baillon or composed of essential oil of cashew and castorbean oil or monensin on the degradability of dry matter and fiber in vitro and dry matter in situ and fermentation ruminal metabolic parameters in beef cattle. The experiment was conducted in the Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB) and the School of Veterinary and Animal Science of the Federal University of Goiás – GO, from August 2015 until January 2016. There were four treatments through in vitro technique: control, monensin, Croton urucurana Baillon, biophytus (functional oil composed of cashew and castorbean), with five repetitions. Were evaluated the parameters of degradability of dry matter. Metabolic analysis and in situ was through four animals distributed in a Latin square, were measured glucose, urea, urea nitrogen in the blood, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, albumin, total bilirubin and factions, creatinine, Total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglyceride and lactate dehydrogenase. Ruminal parameters were determined by protozoa count, ammonia nitrogen, pH, short chain fatty acids, bacterial reductive activity. The experimental design was completely at random. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The treatments did not increase the IVDMD (P> 0.05). There was no significant effect (P> 0.05) of the treatments on in vitro degradation parameters of DM and NDF in all evaluated times. For MS degradability in situ parameters, there was a significant effect (P <0.05) between treatments for soluble and effective degradation fraction with 2% by pass rate. The DM intake, had significant difference (P <0.05) between treatments, with lower consumption for monensin with admission was independent of diet type, either directly via the rumen cannula, it can be show that the lower consumption of diet with monensin supplementation is not by means of sensory but physiological and metabolic mechanisms. There was no significant effect (P> 0.05) for pH between treatments, but the collections after feeding was significant (P <0.05) monensin treatment, occurring up before feeding up two hours. Acetic acid levels were significant (P <0.05) for the hours of collection. The levels of butyric acid was affected by treatments (P <0.05) and not the hours of collection (P> 0.05). The concentrations of AST, GGT, LDH FA and was not affected by treatments (P> 0.05). The inclusion of essential oils, Croton urucurana Baillon and monensin in beef cattle diets hay base has not improved the evaluated parameters. The effective degradability of dry matter had better results with the inclusion of functional oils composed cashews and castorbeans. The intake was influenced by monensin and functional oil in addition the fuction of the two are similar, can be used one over the other. / Objetivou-se por meio do presente trabalho avaliar a inclusão de extrato bruto de Croton urucurana Baillon, e composto de óleo essencial de caju e mamona e monensina sódica sobre a degradabilidade da matéria seca e fibra in vitro e matéria seca in situ, e a fermentação ruminal e parâmetros metabólicos em bovinos de corte. O experimento foi conduzido no Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) e na Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás – GO no período de agosto de 2015 a janeiro de 2016. Foram quatro tratamentos por meio da técnica in vitro: controle, monensina, sangra d’água, Biophytus (óleo funcional composto de caju e mamona), com cinco repetições onde foram avaliados os parametros da degradabilidade da matéria seca. As análises metabólicas e em in situ foram por meio de quatro animais distribuídos em um quadrado latino, onde foram mensuradas glicose, ureia, nitrogênio ureico no sangue, aspartato aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina, gama glutamil transpeptidase, albumina, bilirrubina total, bilirrubina direta e indireta, creatinina, colesterol total, HDL, LDL, VLDL, lactato desidrogenase e triacilglicerol. Os parâmetros ruminais foram determinados por meio da contagem de protozoários, nitrogênio amoniacal, pH, ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, atividade redutiva bacteriana. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado. As médias foram submetidas à análise de variância e comparadas pelo teste de Tuckey a 5% probabilidade. Os tratamentos não aumentaram a DIVMS, (P>0,05). Não houve efeitos significativo (P>0,05) dos tratamentos sobre os parâmetros de degradação in vitro de MS e FDN em nenhum dos tempos avaliados. Para os parâmetros de degradabilidade da MS in situ, houve efeito significativo (P<0,05), entre os tratamentos para a fração solúvel e degradação efetiva com 2% de taxa de passagem. O consumo de MS apresentou diferença significativa (P < 0,05) entre os tratamentos, com um menor consumo para monensina, visto que a sua admissão foi de forma independente da dieta, os seja diretamente no rúmen via cânula, pode-se afirmar que o menor consumo da dieta com suplementação de monensina não se dá por meio de mecanismos sensoriais e sim fisiológicos e metabólicos. Não houve efeito significativo (P > 0,05) para o pH entre os tratamentos, mas para as coletas após a alimentação foi significativo (P < 0,05) para o tratamento monensina, ocorrendo um aumento de antes da alimentação até duas horas após. Os níveis do ácido acético foram significativos (P<0,05) para a horas de coletas. Os níveis do ácido butírico foi afetado pelos tratamentos (P<0,05) e não pelas horas de coleta (P>0,05). As concentrações das enzimas AST, GGT, FA e LDH não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). A inclusão de óleo funcional, sangra d’ água e monensina em dietas de bovinos de corte a base de feno não melhorou os paramentos avaliados. A degradabilidade efetiva da matéria seca apresentou melhores resultados com a inclusão de óleos funcionais compostos caju e mamona. O consumo foi influenciado pela monensina e o óleo funcional, além disso, o comportamento dos dois foram similares e podem ser usados um em detrimento ao outro.

Figure obsédante de l’imaginaire collectif, le fou a longtemps été chargé de significations qui le dépassent ; le mythe de la folie fait recette sur la scène littéraire mais les malades n’en sont que des figurants. Alors que le fou réel est maintenu dans les marges de la littérature comme de la société, le fantasme culturel de la folie est nourri et modelé au XIXe siècle par la littérature romantique ou fantastique et exalté au début du siècle suivant par les avant-gardes historiques. Un certain nombre de textes de romanciers du XXe siècle, parmi lesquels Georges Duhamel, André Baillon, Julien Green, Henry de Montherlant ou encore Alexandre Vialatte, mettent au contraire en œuvre un décentrement du regard littéraire de la folie vers le fou – du mythe à l’individu. Ce sont les modalités et les logiques de cette émancipation de la figure du fou et de son affirmation comme sujet – au sens de thème comme de subjectivité – autonome dans l’espace romanesque que ce travail s’applique à éclairer. Ces récits fictionnels qui font de la conscience aliénée à la fois le foyer et l’objet principal de la narration mettent en scène une folie presque familière, où l’idéalisation cède le pas à la représentation de troubles intimes et ordinaires, qui atteignent un personnage banal menant une existence modeste. Par leurs affinités sémantiques, syntaxiques et pragmatiques, ils forment un « sous-genre » romanesque, celui des "histoires de fous". L’enjeu de cette thèse est de déterminer le répertoire générique de ces romans tout en examinant la manière dont la folie interroge les moyens et les pouvoirs de la fiction romanesque. Il s’agit également de mettre au jour ce que la littérature nous aide à comprendre de cet impensable, envers de l’expérience partagée de la raison, et d’observer comment les romanciers contribuent à refléter tout autant qu’à remodeler les formes de cet objet social et culturel. / Haunting our collective imagination, the madman has always been laden with symbolic significance. The myth of madness is abundantly present in literature, however those characters with an actual mental illness are ultimately overshadowed. While mental patients are pushed to the margins of literature, just as they are pushed to the outskirts of society, this particular cultural legend of madness develops during the nineteenth century in Romantic and fantastic literature and stays in the spotlight at the beginning of the following century through the avant-garde artists. In contrast to the aforementioned representation of madness, a number of novelists of the twentieth century, including Georges Duhamel, André Baillon, Julien Green, Henry de Montherlant or Alexandre Vialatte, brought on a literary shift away from “madness” towards “the madman” – from the myth to the individual. The focus of this piece of work is on the modality and logic leading to the emancipation of the figure of the madman and its affirmation as an autonomous subject – in every sense of the world – in the literary field. These fictional stories, where the alienated consciousness is both the focus and the main subject of the narrative, present the reader with an almost familiar madness. They don’t idealize insanity but provide representations of almost ordinary disorders, which affect a banal character living a modest life. Through their semantic, syntactic and pragmatic preferences, these stories form a fictional “sub-genre”, called “histoires de fous”. This research aims at determining the generic features of these novels and at considering the way madness questions the means and powers of fiction. Another purpose is to shed light on how literature helps us understand this inconceivable experience, which represents the other side of the commonly shared human experience of reason and logic, and to study how novelists help to reveal as well as reshape the characterization of this social and cultural topic.