O presente trabalho objetivou inventariar borboletas frugívoras através de armadilhas atrativas, método para o qual não se tem registro do uso estandartizado no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram realizadas saídas a campo no Vale do Rio Maquine (29º35’S 50º16’W GR) RS, Brasil, de dezembro/2006 a abril/2007. Duas trilhas foram amostradas: mata em estágio intermediário de regeneração (MI) e mata preservada (MP). Foram calculados estimadores analíticos de riqueza, índices de diversidade, dominância e similaridade. Foram amostrados 684 indivíduos (N) em 34 espécies (S) (MI: S=27 e N=429 e MP: S=25 e N=255). Os estimadores de riqueza indicaram que 70-80% da fauna foi amostrada. Mais de 70% dos indivíduos pertencem a apenas cinco espécies, revelando a alta dominância. Hamadryas epinome (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) foi a espécie mais abundante, com dominância acentuada em MI. Mais de 50% das espécies foram compartilhadas. Índices de similaridade (Jaccard = 053 e Morisita = 0,85) indicam semelhança entre trilhas. Comparando os resultados com inventário realizado com rede entomológica, concomitantemente e nas mesmas áreas, obteve-se abundância e riqueza bastante superior em relação a guilda de frugívoras capturada com armadilhas, ressaltando a importância do uso de armadilhas para o real conhecimento desta guilda. Houve associação significativa entre método de captura e abundância das subfamílias (P < 0,001). Entre as quatro espécies mais abundantes, 21 a 59%, dos indivíduos foram recapturados pelo menos uma vez. Dados sobre longevidade foram surpreendentes, indicando sobrevivência além do esperado e conhecido para borboletas frugívoras neotropicais: por ex., H epinome, apresentou longevidade registrada de 128 e 129 dias (máximo registrável no período de estudo). Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825]), Penetes pamphanis Doubleday, [1849], Caligo brasiliensis (C. Felder, 1862), foram registros novos para Maquiné. Face o ineditismo dos dados, espera-se que o Presente estudo seja base para futuras pesquisas com esta guilda específica, da qual pouco Se conhece no Rio Grande do Sul. / Diversity of fruit-feeding butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and evaluation of the use of baited traps associated to mark-recapture in Atlantic Forest environments, South Brazil. This work aimed to study fruit-feeding butterflies with baited traps, method for which there are no records of the standartized use in Rio Grande do Sul. Field work was carried out at the Maquiné Valley (29º 35’S 50º 16’W GR), RS, Brazil, from december/2006 to april/2007. Two transects were sampled: one along a forest at an intermediate stage of regeneration (M1) and another within a well preserved forest (MP). Richness analytical estimators, diversity, similarity and dominance indexes were calculated. As a whole, 684 individuals (N) in 34 species (S) were sampled (MI: S = 27 and N = 429 and MP: S = 25, N = 255). Species richness estimators indicated that 7040% of the fauna was sampled, Over 70% of individuals belonged to just five species, revealing a high dominance pattern. Satyrinae was the richest subfamily (S = 10) and the most abundant Biblidinae (N = 350). Hamadryas epinome (Felder & Felder, 1867) was the most abundant species, with marked dominance in MI. More than 50% of the species were shared among MI and MP. Jaccard (0,53) e Morisita (0,85) indexes corroborate the similarity between the sites. Comparing these results with those yielded by a survey conducted concomitantly at the same areas but using with butterfly nets, species richness and abundance was much higher for the fruit-feeding butterflies guild using baited traps. Thus, it is emphasized the importance of the use of traps for studying this guild. Also, there was a significant association between method of capture and abundance of subfamilies (P < 0.001). Among the four most abundant species, 21 to 59 % of individuals were recaptured at least once. Data on longevity was surprising, indicating survival beyond the expected and known for neotropical fruit-feeding butterflies: e.g., for two H. epinome it was registered 128 and 129 days between first and last capture (maximum recordable the period of study). Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1 825]), Penetes pamphanis Doubleday, [1 849], Caligo brasiliensis (C. Felder, 1862), were new records for Maquiné. Given the novelty of the data here Presented, it is expected that this study shall encourage and support future research with this particular guild, for which so little is known in Rio Grande do Sul.

O presente trabalho objetivou inventariar borboletas frugívoras através de armadilhas atrativas, método para o qual não se tem registro do uso estandartizado no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram realizadas saídas a campo no Vale do Rio Maquine (29º35’S 50º16’W GR) RS, Brasil, de dezembro/2006 a abril/2007. Duas trilhas foram amostradas: mata em estágio intermediário de regeneração (MI) e mata preservada (MP). Foram calculados estimadores analíticos de riqueza, índices de diversidade, dominância e similaridade. Foram amostrados 684 indivíduos (N) em 34 espécies (S) (MI: S=27 e N=429 e MP: S=25 e N=255). Os estimadores de riqueza indicaram que 70-80% da fauna foi amostrada. Mais de 70% dos indivíduos pertencem a apenas cinco espécies, revelando a alta dominância. Hamadryas epinome (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) foi a espécie mais abundante, com dominância acentuada em MI. Mais de 50% das espécies foram compartilhadas. Índices de similaridade (Jaccard = 053 e Morisita = 0,85) indicam semelhança entre trilhas. Comparando os resultados com inventário realizado com rede entomológica, concomitantemente e nas mesmas áreas, obteve-se abundância e riqueza bastante superior em relação a guilda de frugívoras capturada com armadilhas, ressaltando a importância do uso de armadilhas para o real conhecimento desta guilda. Houve associação significativa entre método de captura e abundância das subfamílias (P < 0,001). Entre as quatro espécies mais abundantes, 21 a 59%, dos indivíduos foram recapturados pelo menos uma vez. Dados sobre longevidade foram surpreendentes, indicando sobrevivência além do esperado e conhecido para borboletas frugívoras neotropicais: por ex., H epinome, apresentou longevidade registrada de 128 e 129 dias (máximo registrável no período de estudo). Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825]), Penetes pamphanis Doubleday, [1849], Caligo brasiliensis (C. Felder, 1862), foram registros novos para Maquiné. Face o ineditismo dos dados, espera-se que o Presente estudo seja base para futuras pesquisas com esta guilda específica, da qual pouco Se conhece no Rio Grande do Sul. / Diversity of fruit-feeding butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and evaluation of the use of baited traps associated to mark-recapture in Atlantic Forest environments, South Brazil. This work aimed to study fruit-feeding butterflies with baited traps, method for which there are no records of the standartized use in Rio Grande do Sul. Field work was carried out at the Maquiné Valley (29º 35’S 50º 16’W GR), RS, Brazil, from december/2006 to april/2007. Two transects were sampled: one along a forest at an intermediate stage of regeneration (M1) and another within a well preserved forest (MP). Richness analytical estimators, diversity, similarity and dominance indexes were calculated. As a whole, 684 individuals (N) in 34 species (S) were sampled (MI: S = 27 and N = 429 and MP: S = 25, N = 255). Species richness estimators indicated that 7040% of the fauna was sampled, Over 70% of individuals belonged to just five species, revealing a high dominance pattern. Satyrinae was the richest subfamily (S = 10) and the most abundant Biblidinae (N = 350). Hamadryas epinome (Felder & Felder, 1867) was the most abundant species, with marked dominance in MI. More than 50% of the species were shared among MI and MP. Jaccard (0,53) e Morisita (0,85) indexes corroborate the similarity between the sites. Comparing these results with those yielded by a survey conducted concomitantly at the same areas but using with butterfly nets, species richness and abundance was much higher for the fruit-feeding butterflies guild using baited traps. Thus, it is emphasized the importance of the use of traps for studying this guild. Also, there was a significant association between method of capture and abundance of subfamilies (P < 0.001). Among the four most abundant species, 21 to 59 % of individuals were recaptured at least once. Data on longevity was surprising, indicating survival beyond the expected and known for neotropical fruit-feeding butterflies: e.g., for two H. epinome it was registered 128 and 129 days between first and last capture (maximum recordable the period of study). Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1 825]), Penetes pamphanis Doubleday, [1 849], Caligo brasiliensis (C. Felder, 1862), were new records for Maquiné. Given the novelty of the data here Presented, it is expected that this study shall encourage and support future research with this particular guild, for which so little is known in Rio Grande do Sul.

O presente trabalho objetivou inventariar borboletas frugívoras através de armadilhas atrativas, método para o qual não se tem registro do uso estandartizado no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram realizadas saídas a campo no Vale do Rio Maquine (29º35’S 50º16’W GR) RS, Brasil, de dezembro/2006 a abril/2007. Duas trilhas foram amostradas: mata em estágio intermediário de regeneração (MI) e mata preservada (MP). Foram calculados estimadores analíticos de riqueza, índices de diversidade, dominância e similaridade. Foram amostrados 684 indivíduos (N) em 34 espécies (S) (MI: S=27 e N=429 e MP: S=25 e N=255). Os estimadores de riqueza indicaram que 70-80% da fauna foi amostrada. Mais de 70% dos indivíduos pertencem a apenas cinco espécies, revelando a alta dominância. Hamadryas epinome (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) foi a espécie mais abundante, com dominância acentuada em MI. Mais de 50% das espécies foram compartilhadas. Índices de similaridade (Jaccard = 053 e Morisita = 0,85) indicam semelhança entre trilhas. Comparando os resultados com inventário realizado com rede entomológica, concomitantemente e nas mesmas áreas, obteve-se abundância e riqueza bastante superior em relação a guilda de frugívoras capturada com armadilhas, ressaltando a importância do uso de armadilhas para o real conhecimento desta guilda. Houve associação significativa entre método de captura e abundância das subfamílias (P < 0,001). Entre as quatro espécies mais abundantes, 21 a 59%, dos indivíduos foram recapturados pelo menos uma vez. Dados sobre longevidade foram surpreendentes, indicando sobrevivência além do esperado e conhecido para borboletas frugívoras neotropicais: por ex., H epinome, apresentou longevidade registrada de 128 e 129 dias (máximo registrável no período de estudo). Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825]), Penetes pamphanis Doubleday, [1849], Caligo brasiliensis (C. Felder, 1862), foram registros novos para Maquiné. Face o ineditismo dos dados, espera-se que o Presente estudo seja base para futuras pesquisas com esta guilda específica, da qual pouco Se conhece no Rio Grande do Sul. / Diversity of fruit-feeding butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and evaluation of the use of baited traps associated to mark-recapture in Atlantic Forest environments, South Brazil. This work aimed to study fruit-feeding butterflies with baited traps, method for which there are no records of the standartized use in Rio Grande do Sul. Field work was carried out at the Maquiné Valley (29º 35’S 50º 16’W GR), RS, Brazil, from december/2006 to april/2007. Two transects were sampled: one along a forest at an intermediate stage of regeneration (M1) and another within a well preserved forest (MP). Richness analytical estimators, diversity, similarity and dominance indexes were calculated. As a whole, 684 individuals (N) in 34 species (S) were sampled (MI: S = 27 and N = 429 and MP: S = 25, N = 255). Species richness estimators indicated that 7040% of the fauna was sampled, Over 70% of individuals belonged to just five species, revealing a high dominance pattern. Satyrinae was the richest subfamily (S = 10) and the most abundant Biblidinae (N = 350). Hamadryas epinome (Felder & Felder, 1867) was the most abundant species, with marked dominance in MI. More than 50% of the species were shared among MI and MP. Jaccard (0,53) e Morisita (0,85) indexes corroborate the similarity between the sites. Comparing these results with those yielded by a survey conducted concomitantly at the same areas but using with butterfly nets, species richness and abundance was much higher for the fruit-feeding butterflies guild using baited traps. Thus, it is emphasized the importance of the use of traps for studying this guild. Also, there was a significant association between method of capture and abundance of subfamilies (P < 0.001). Among the four most abundant species, 21 to 59 % of individuals were recaptured at least once. Data on longevity was surprising, indicating survival beyond the expected and known for neotropical fruit-feeding butterflies: e.g., for two H. epinome it was registered 128 and 129 days between first and last capture (maximum recordable the period of study). Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1 825]), Penetes pamphanis Doubleday, [1 849], Caligo brasiliensis (C. Felder, 1862), were new records for Maquiné. Given the novelty of the data here Presented, it is expected that this study shall encourage and support future research with this particular guild, for which so little is known in Rio Grande do Sul.

High-dose verbenone, verbenone plus nonhost volatiles (NHVs), and both semiochemicals in combination with aggregant-baited funnel traps were tested for stand- level protection against mountain pine beetle attack for two consecutive years (2004-2005) at three seral high elevation whitebark pine sites in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. In 2004, two 0.25-hectare treatments comprised of 25 high-dose verbenone pouches or verbenone pouches combined with single baited funnel traps were tested in a push-pull strategy. In 2005, 25 high-dose verbenone and 25 NHV pouches, or verbenone and NHV in combination with baited funnel trap clusters were tested. In both years, treatments were compared to 0.25-hectare control plots with no semiochemicals or funnel traps. The proportion of trees attacked by mountain pine beetle in treated plots was significantly reduced, when compared to control plots, at only one site treated with verbenone in 2004, and at only one site in 2005. High-dose verbenone alone, verbenone and NHVs, and both semiochemicals combined with baited funnel traps in a push-pull strategy did not consistently reduce the proportion of mountain pine beetle attacked trees relative to control plots. No covariates tested, including stand density, beetle population size, or tree size were consistently significant in explaining proportion of trees attacked.